Surface topography of the Anisakis type I 3rd stage larva (L3), the main pathogen of anisakiasis, was observed by scanning electron microscope under magnifications of 400 to 14000X. The head bears a trapezoid undivided lip mass, with 2 mammillary elevations at the middle of the two lateral sides and a cuticular boring tooth on its ventral side. The mouth leading into the esophagus is situated in the centre of the centrally located cuticular elevation of the lip mass. The excretory pore opens ventrally just behind the boring tooth. The surface of the lip mass shows fine striations, but looks smooth elsewhere. Neither flat papillae nor minute "teeth" or "hairs" described hither to have been observed. The cuticle of the body surface shows shallow and irregular annular grooves and folds and numerous fine longitudinal micro-furrows and cristae. These surface markings appear uniformly from head to tail and to the utmost end of the pagoda like mucrones at the tip of the tail. The ventrally located crescent anus is situated about 90?m from the base of the mucron.

A survey on Anisakidae larvae in 29 species(134 specimens) of marine fishes in the Gulf of Tong King has been carried out.Anisakidae larvae were detected in 15 out of 29 species.The detected specimens were identified as larvae of Anisakis simplex,Hysterothylacium and Pseudoterranova.The parasitization rate of Anisakis simplex larvae,the main pathogen of anisakiasis,in fishes was 30.6% (41/134),while the parasitization rates of Hysterothylacium and Pseudoterranova larvae were comparatively low.Hysterothylacium larvae China type I detected from Muraenesox clnereus and Trichiurus Tiaumela was a new record.Their morphological characteristics were summarized as follows: 1.Length 10.78-14.18mm,Width 0.25-0.38mm,the length of the esophagus is 1.14-1.73mm,intestinal cecum 0.77-1.24mm and ventricular appendage 6.27-8.40mm,extending parallelly with the intestine to the last quarter of the larva; 2.Boring tooth was present,but mucron was absent; 3.No genital anlage was observed.

Objective To synthesize a novel vector of chitosan-particles loaded with gadolinium (Gd-CPs) and observe the adhesion and absorption of the particles in the colon wall of mice with MR imaging in-vivo.Methods Chitosan particles (CPs) with and without gadolinium loaded were synthesized with the emulsion-droplet coalescence method.Sixteen mice were randomly classified into two groups.The suspension with Gd-CPs or with CPs was infused into the rectum of the 8 mice of each group,respectively.MR scans were performed before,during and 40 minutes after infusion for each mouse.Samples of the colon correlated to the enhanced area were obtained for electron microscopy examination.Signal intensity (SI) of ROIs in the wall of rectum or colon,muscles of the pelvis near the rectum and background were measured and corresponding relative SIs were calculated.Relative SI values between the two groups and pre- and post- infusion were compared with pared t test.Results Dimension of the Gd-CPs was about 500 nm,and content rate was about 30%. Values of relative SI of the rectum for pre- and post- infusion in the Gd-CPs group were 0.84±0.06 and 0.98±0.09(t=4.327,P＜0.01),respectively,while those in CPs group were 0.83±0.04 and 0.84±0.05(t=0.658.P＞0.05). The medial value of signal increase rate for CPs group was 19.0%.Gd-CPs particles were found inside the mucosal cells under the electron microscopy.Conclusion MR imaging in-vivo can reveal the phenomenon of adhesion and absorption of mucosa targeted chitosan particle carriers. Clinical MR imaging based on small animal coil is a good method to monitor colon mucosa targeted particle vectors in-vivo.

AIM:To investigate the role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1(PCK1)in the proliferation and migration of mouse vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)and the underlying mechanism.METHODS:The prolif-eration and migration of mouse VSMCs were induced by platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)-BB.The cells were divided into a vehicle group and a PDGF-BB group.The expression of PCK1 was detected by Western blot and immunofluores-cence staining.The mouse Pck1 siRNA(si Pck1)were transfected into mouse VSMCs to silence PCK1.The cells were di-vided into the vehicle,si Pck1+vehicle,PDGF-BB and si Pck1+PDGF-BB groups.The protein level of PCK1 was detected by Western blot.The proliferation was explored by Ki-67 immunofluorescence staining and the viability was detected by CCK-8 assay.The migration was determined by a scratch test.Mitochondrial dynamics were observed via transmission electron microscopy.A lentivirus carrying dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1)gene(lenti-Drp1)was transfected into VSMCs to induce them to overexpress DRP1.The cells were divided into the PDGF-BB,si Pck1+PDGF-BB,lenti-Drp1+PDGF-BB and lenti-Drp1+si Pck1+PDGF-BB groups.Proliferation,migration and mitochondrial dynamics were measured as described above.RESULTS:PDGF-BB increased the protein expression of PCK1 and DRP1,cell viability,the per-centage of Ki-67-positive cells,the wound healing rate and mitochondrial division in VSMCs.These effects were sup-pressed when PCK1 protein expression was silenced.After DRP1 was overexpressed,the inhibitory effects of PCK1 silenc-ing on cell viability,the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells,the wound healing rate and mitochondrial division were signifi-cantly reversed.CONCLUSION:PCK1 promotes the mitochondrial division,proliferation and migration of VSMCs in mice by upregulating the expression of DRP1.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in high-altitude population aged 18 years and over in Xining, Qinghai and establish the reference interval (RI) of IOP.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Xining, Qinghai Province at 2.271 km above sea level from September 2019 to May 2020.Ophthalmic examinations and IOP measurement were conducted among subjects from Physical Examination Center of Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital.The subjects who had been living in Xining without leaving for three months were enrolled.Ophthalmic examinations included vision examination, IOP measurement, slit-lamp microscopy, fundus photography, anterior and posterior segment optical coherence tomography.IOP was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry under local anesthesia.Subjects with factors that could cause significant changes in IOP and affect the accuracy of IOP measurement, and those who were unable to receive IOP measurement were excluded.Subjects were grouped according to sex, age and ethnicity, and the distribution and RI of IOP were compared among all groups.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (No.TRECKY2017-024). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:A total of 6 120 subjects (6 120 eyes) aged 18-90 years old were enrolled, including 2 850 males and 3 270 females with average age of (45.54±13.85) years.The average IOP of high-altitude population in Xining, Qinghai Province was (14.32±1.93) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), with the RI of 10.54-18.10 mmHg.The average IOP was (14.42±1.98) mmHg in male with the RI of 10.54-18.30 mmHg, (14.23±1.88) mmHg in female with the RI of 10.55-17.91 mmHg.The IOP of male was higher than that of female ( t=3.71, P<0.001). The IOP of Han, Tibetan, Hui and other nationalities were (14.38±1.91), (13.93±2.06), (14.21±1.87), (13.94±1.95) mmHg, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=6.73, P<0.001). The IOP of Han nationality was significantly higher than that of Tibetan, Hui and other nationalities, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:RI of IOP in high-altitude population from Xining, Qinghai is lower compared with normal altitude area.