Objective To explore the role of CD95 system in chemotherapeutic sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells, in an attempt to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by transfection CD95 gene, and to provide the evidence for the immunological treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods CD95 gene was transfected into the pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 by lipofectamine. The transfected cells were selected by G418. CD95 expressions of the transfected cells were detected by Northern blot and Western blot. MTT assay was used to analyze the response of the transfected cells to 5 fluorouracil, adriamycin (ADM), gemcitabine and in combination with anti CD95 monoclonal antibody (mAb). The drug induced apoptosis of transfected cells was measured by flow cytometry. Results The transfected pancreatic cancer cell SW1990 could overexpress CD95 stably. The CD95 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly increased in the transfected cells than in the controls. Anti CD95 mAb could inhibit the growth of the transfected cells. In addition, transfected cells were more sensitive to clinically relevant concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs than non transfected cells. Anti CD95 mAb addition could enhance the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. Drug induced apoptosis in ADM treated transfected cells more pronounced than in non transfected cells. Conclusions CD95 transfection could increase the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cell SW1990 to, and partly reverse the resistance to, chemotherapeutic drugs. The combination of chemotherapeutic drugs with anti CD95 mAb showed a synergistic cytotoxicity to pancreatic cancer cells.

Objective To investigate the anatomic and histological properties of carpal ligaments. Methods 34 cadaver specimens of adult wrists were prepared, of which 32 were fixed in formalin and 2 were fresh. We dissected the specimens and observed the origination, insertion, course, spatial relationship of carpal ligaments with the radiocarpal joint capsule and neighboring relationship with each other. The width and thickness of middle segment of each carpal ligament as well as the length were measured. 8 cadaver specimens of adult wrists were dissected and encircled by paraffin wax. Partial carpal ligaments were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Then they were put under a light microscope for observation. Results The radioscaphoid, radioscaphocapitate and radiolunate ligaments were found to have similar tissue structures. They were composed of wavy and tendinous collagen fiber fascicles, among which a small amount of loose tissue was found to be intermingled with vessels. The radioscapholunate ligament was mainly composed of loose connective tissue with no bulky tendinous collagen fiber fascicles, few fiber fascicles but rich vessel bundles. The palmar, dorsal and proximal regions of the scapholunate interosseous ligament and the lunotriquetrum interosseous ligament had different histological properties. The difference was especially obvious in the proximal regions compared with the dorsal and palmar regions. The dorsal regions of the 2 ligaments were mainly composed of bulky and bunchy transverse collagen fiber fascicles while the palmar region was composed of oblique ones. The proximal regions of the 2 ligaments were mainly composed of fibrocartilage with no vessels or nerves. At the joining part between the radioscapholunate ligament and the scapholunate interosseous ligament, the vessel bundles of the radioscapholunate ligament were noticed to penetrate the scapholunate interosseous ligament in the palmar region. Conclusions The major ligaments of the wrist are palmar. The palmar ligaments are stronger than dorsal ligaments. Many adjacent ligaments oriented in a V- shaped configuration, which can strengthen the wrist stability. Most of the carpal ligaments are mainly composed of dense and bulky collagen fiber fascicles, but the radioscapholunate ligament is mainly composed of loose connective tissue blending with rich vessels, which fulfill the function of supplying blood. The proximal regions of the scapholunate and lunotriquetrum interosseous ligaments are mainly composed of fibrocartilage structure with no vessels among them.

This study was designed to explore the mechanism of signal transduction on BBB damage in brain injury. 75 male SD rats were randomly devided into 5 groups: control, sham operation, injury only, injury with Forskolin-treatment and H7 treatment.Evans blue permeation was observed qualitatively with an epifluo resence and mesured quantitatively with a spetrophotometer.The result shcwed that Evans blue significantly permeated in injuried group,and noticeably decereased in H7 treatment group and Forskolin treatment group. It indicated that Forskolin and H7 can effectively prevent BBB opening,and suggest that Forskoling and H7 may provide new ways on BBB protection.

Objective　To review the recent progress in the treatment of wrist disorder by limited intercarpal arthrodesis and the related experimental study. Methods　Recent original articles related to limited intercarpal arthrodesis, including clinical practice and experimental study, were extensively retrieved and carefully analyzed. Results　Limited intercarpal arthrodesis could relieve pain and stabilize the wrist joint with partial motion. Conclusion　 With suitable indication and well selected operation approach, the limited intercarpal arthrodesis should be the optimal surgical intervention than total carpal athrodesis in the treatment of wrist disorder.

Objective To clarify the relationship between the first metatarsal web space and associated vessels and its application in dissection of the toes for thumb and finger reconstruction. Methods The relationships of the first dorsal metatarsal artery to the first deep transverse metatarsal ligament and the extensor expansion were observed on 42 adult cadaver lower limbs. Clinically 36 cases of thumb defects were reconstructed using the method of tracing the first dorsal metatarsal artery around the space of extensor expansion to dissect toes. Results The distal segment of the first dorsal metatarsal artery of Gilbert type I and type Ⅱwas located superficially to the layer of the extensor expansion.The time of harvesting the toe was shortened from 90 minutes to 50 minutes with 100%survival of reconstruction. Conclusions The distal segment of the first dorsal meatarsal artery lies constantly to the superficial layer of the extensor expansion.Consequently the location of the first metatarsal artery of Gilbert type I and type Ⅱbecomes much easier, by adopting the method of combination of sequential dissection and reverse dissection around the space of the extensor expansion.

Objective To study of applied anatomy of the palmaris brevis musculocutaneous flap and to repair of pulp defect of thumb by free the palmaris brevis musculocutaneous flap. Methods The distributions of vascularis and nerves of the palmaris brevis musculocutaneous flap were observed on 30 upper limbs which were injected red latex. Nine cases who sufferd from pulp defects of thumb were treated by free the palmaris brevis musculocutaneous flap. Results There were four sources of blood supply to palmaris brevis musculocutaneous flap ;ulnar arterial trunk,musculocutaneous and cutaneous branches of superficial palmar branch,the musculocutaneous branches from pro fund branch of ulnar artery and the proper volar ulnar digital artery of little finger..The venous drainages of the flap were venae comitantes of arteries mentioned above, nine cases who suffered from pulp defects of thumb were treated by free the palmaris brevis musculocutaneous flap successfully. Conclusions The palmaris brevis musculocutaneous flap and pulp of thumb have similar characteristics. The blood supply to the palmaris brevis musculocutaneous flap was rich,it could be used as a sensory flap and was one of good donor regions for repairing large pulp defects of thumb.

This study was designed to explore the mechanism of signal transduction on BBB damage in brain injury. 75 male SD rats were randomly devided into 5 groups: control, sham operation, injury only, injury with Forskolin-treatment and H7 treatment.Evans blue permeation was observed qualitatively with an epifluo resence and mesured quantitatively with a spetrophotometer.The result shcwed that Evans blue significantly permeated in injuried group,and noticeably decereased in H7 treatment group and Forskolin treatment group. It indicated that Forskolin and H7 can effectively prevent BBB opening,and suggest that Forskoling and H7 may provide new ways on BBB protection.

BACKGROUND: Although hand urgical doctors have drawn the attentions to carpal diseases mainly manifesting as carpalinstability, it is still expected to carry on the researches on biomechanical properties of Chinese carpal ligaments. OBJECTIVE: To understand the biomechanical properties of partial carpal ligaments so as to provide experimental evidence for the development ofclinical hand surgery. DESIGN: A simple specimen study.SETTING:Department of Orthopaedics,Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA,and Institute of Clinical Anatomy, First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen fresh specimens from Chinese adult wrists were obtained from the Departmentof Anatomy, First MilitaryMedical University of Chinese PLA and the experiment was performed in the Laboratory of Biomechanics. INTERVENTIONS:The partial carpalligaments were stretched till fragmentation of ligaments by using the SWD-10materialtesting machine, at the rated velocity of 5 mm per minute so as to determine the biomechanical properties of carpal ligaments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The tolerated maximum tension and rigidity during fragmentation of radioscaphoid ligament,radioscaphocapitate (RSC) ligament, radiolunate ligament, ulnolunate (UL) ligament, ulnotriquetral(UT) ligament,ulnar bursa,scapholunate interosseous(SLI) ligament,and lunotriquetral interosseous(LTI) ligament. RESULTS: Among the ligaments attached between distal radioulnar bone and carpal bone, the maximum tension and rigidity of UL ligament were the strongest, (219.2 ±55.4) N and (65.5 ± 19.6) N/mm2, of UT ligament and ulnar bursa were the weakest, (54.0 ±25.5) N, (17.8 ± 6.0) N/mm2and (58.7 ± 17.6) N, (13.4 ±4.7) N/mm2 respectively, of SLI ligament was stronger, (286. 1 ±90.8) N, (95.5 ±40.0) N/mm2, and of LTI ligament were more stronger, (375.3 ± 52.6)N, (179.0 ± 39.0 N/mm2.CONCLUSION: Among carpal ligaments, the maximum tension and rigidity of proximal row of intercarpal ligaments were stronger than those of the ligaments attached between distal radioulnar bone and carpal bone. Of proximal row of intercarpal ligaments,the maximum tension and rigidity of LTI ligament were stronger than those of SLI ligament. Of the ligaments attached between distal radioulnar bone and carpal bone,the maximum tension and rigidity of UL ligament were the strongest.

Objective To find a new method for the establishment of allergic rhinitis(AR) models with kidney-yang deficiency.Methods Fourty-five Hartely guinea pigs were randomized into 4 groups: hydroxycarbamide+ ovalbumin(OV); predisone+ OV;hydroxycarbamide+OV+Shenqi decoction;normal control).The general behavior and the body weight of guinea pigs were observed before and after treatment.After 3 weeks,the reaction of guinea pigs to histamine nasal drops was observed and then all animals were sacrificed to examine the pathological changes of nasal septum mucosa.Result The new model induced by hydroxycarbamide and OV was proved to be set up successfully: the manifestations of kidneyyang deficiency in the new model were more representative than those induced by predisone and OV,and the time for modeling was shorter.Conclusion Using hydr oxycarbamide and OV to set up kedney-yang deficiency AR models is an new feasible method.The result of this study will provide evidence for the further research of kidney-yang deficiency AR.

In addition to the three existing types of skin flaps, supplied by the cutaneous, the myocutaneous and the arterio-reticular vessels, a new type of free skin flap pedicled by the vessels of intermuscular septum was designed. The intermuscular septal arteries are easy to dissect and have relatively longer pedicles. The skin flaps taken from the limbs supplied by these arteries are suitable for grafting in their natural location.The intermuscular septal arteries of the arms and the thighs were studied and measured on 70 adult cadavers and 9 corrosion preparations. The arteries studied were: the superior ulnar collateral arteries, the intermuscular branches of the perforating arteries and the saphenous branches of the highest genicular arteries. The skin flaps supplied by these arteries were studied with regard to their application in surgery and these vessels were believed to be convenient for the microvascular anastomosis during grafting.The practical value of the skin flaps taken from the medial and lateral sides of the arm, the lateral side of the thigh and the medial side of the leg were discussed.