Fifty-five patients with brain lesions were treated with gamma knife combined with stereotaxic technique. There were 33 males and 22 females, and their age ranged from 12 to 72, averaged 41 years. The lesions were located in the sellar area in 21 patients, in the deep cerebrum in 10,in the basal ganglion in 9, in the cerebellum in 5, in the brain stem in 4. Intracranial multiple lesions were found in 6 patients. Twenty-four patients were treated with gamma knife combined with stereotaxic biopsy, 21 with gamma knife combined with stereotaxic aspiration for the cyst and 8 with gamma knife combined with stereotaxic biopsy and aspiration. In the other 2 cases, conservative therapy was used because their pathogenesis was parasite and abscess. Of the 47 biopsies, glioms were diagnosed pathologically in 15 cases, metastasis in 9, craniopharyngioma in 7, pituitary adenoma in 4, germinoma in 3, other tumor in 4, parasite in 1 and abscess in 1. The biopsy positive rate was 93.6%. Aspirated cytic fluid ranged from 1 to 30ml, and the symptoms improved dramatically after aspiration. There were no severe complications and deaths related to stereotaxic procedures. It suggested that gamma knife combined stereotaxic technique is a useful and safe procedure for neuropathological diagnosis and an appropriate management for certain brain lesions.

ObjectiveTo study the water/fat ratio of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and mass-forming focal chronic pancreatitis (MFP),and to provided guide for the clinicians.MethodsThirteen patients with PDAC,8 patients with MFP and 20 healthy volunteers were scanned by GE 3.0T MR IDEAL sequence.The signal strength of outcome images was measured; the water/fat ratio analysis was performed.Two kinds of formula were applied,the first was WF1 =SW/SF,the second was WF2 =( SIP + SOP) / ( SIP - SOP).SW was the signal strength of water,SF was the signal strength of fat,and SIP was the signal strength of in-phase,while SOP was the signal strength of opposite phase.ResultsBy using the WF1 formula,the water/fat ratio of normal pancreas,PDAC,MFP was 7.97 ±0.95,9.94 ±1.19,5.08 ±0.49,respectively.By using the WF2 formula,the water/fat ratio of normal pancreas,PDAC,MFP was 11.51 ± 1.62,13.87 ±1.84,5.73 ±0.65,respectively.The difference among the three groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 ) under the same formula.The value of WF2 was higher than that of WF1,the difference in PDAC groups was also statistically significant ( P ＜0.05 ).ConclusionsThe water/fat ratio of pancreas among PDAC,MFP and normal pancreas is different.PDAC has the highest water/fat ratio,followed by the normal pancreas; MFP has the lowest ratio.

Objective:To study the clinical feasibility of transplanting human neural stem cells in treatment of cerebellar atrophy (CA).Methods:The cells from human fetal cerebellum(8-10 weeks gestation) were expanded in vitro and were allowed to differentiate into neurospheres,the latter were then implanted into CA dentate nuclei with stereotactic operation in 21 CA patients(8 male and 13 female with age ranging 19-71,mean 46) from Feb. 2000 to Aug. 2003. Results:The cells of fetal cerebellum were expanded by 10 7 folds in undifferentiated state. The effective rates were 61.9% 3 months after transplantation,85.7% 6 months after transplantation, and 90.4% during a follow-up of 12-28 months (mean 18 months).Conclusion:It is feasible and effective to implant the neural stem cells expanded in vitro for treatment of CA,but the long-term effectiveness should be futher observed.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of three different impression methods on the marginal fit of all-ceramic crowns. The three methods include scanning silicone rubber impression, cast models, and direct optical impression.

METHODSThe polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material of a mandibular first molar in standard model was prepared with 16 models duplicated. The all-ceramic crowns were prepared using three different impression methods. Accurate impressions were made using silicone rubber, and the cast models were obtained. The PMMA models, silicone rubber impressions, and cast models were scanned, and digital models of three groups were obtained to produce 48 zirconia all-ceramic crowns with computer aided design/computer aided manufacture. The marginal fit of these groups was measured by silicone rubber gap impression. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 17.0 software.

RESULTSThe marginal fit of direct optical impression groups, silicone rubber impression groups, cast model groups was (69.18±9.47), (81.04±10.88), (84.42±9.96) µm. A significant difference was observed in the marginal fit of the direct optical impression groups and the other groups (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the marginal fit of the silicone rubber impression groups and the cast model groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONAll marginal measurement sites are clinically acceptable by the three different impression scanning methods. The silicone rubber impression scanning method can be used for all-ceramic restorations.

Objective To compare the mesothelin expressions in 3 human pancreatic cancer cell lines between in vitro and in vivo and the developing speed among the subcutaneous tumors implanted with the 3 human pancreatic cancer cell lines in nude mice.Methods The human pancreatic cancer cell lines ( SW1990,BxPC3 and PANC1 ) were cultured and then were implanted subcutaneously into left axillas of nude mice.The volumes of these subcutaneous tumors were recorded every week to estimate their developing speed.The mice implanted with SW1990 and BxPC3 cells were observed for three weeks,while the mice implanted with PANC1 cell were observed for five weeks.The Western blot method was used to measure the expressions of mesothelin in the 3 kinds of cells and subcutaneous tumors,while immunohistochemical staining was applied to determine the expressions of mesothelin in 3 kinds of subcutaneous tumors.Results The sequence of quantities of expressions of mesothelin in these cell lines in vitro were BxPC3 ＞ PANC1 ＞ SW1990,and the sequence of quantities of expressions in vivo were SW1990 ＞ BxPC3 ＞ PANC1.One handrued percent of the tumors grew out successfully,and the sequence of speeds of their growth was SW1990 ＞ BxPC3 ＞ PANC1.Conclusions The mesothelin expressions among 3 kinds of pancreatic cancer cell line are different.The developing speeds of tumors originated from different subcutaneous tumors in nude mice are also different,and there is no association between them.

Objective To understand the hypertension prevalence situation and its associated factors among residents in Hu‐bei Province to provide a reference basis for preventing and controlling residents′ hypertension .Methods The residents aged 15 years old or more were sampled from 20 counties (cities and districts) by adopting the multi‐staged stratified cluster sampling .The unified questionnaire was adopted to conduct the face to face interview by entering home .The multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of hypertension .Results A total of 28 555 respondents were investigated ,4 135 respondents reported hypertension and the hypertension prevalence rate was 14 .48% .The hypertension prevalence rate in urban residents was 18 .41% ,which was higher than 11 .71% in rural residents(P<0 .01) .The prevalence rates in males and females were 14 .10% and 14 .83% respectively ,showing no statistically significant difference between males and females (P>0 .05) .The multivariate Logistic regression results revealed that the risk of hypertension was increased with age ;compared with job‐hololers ,the retired(OR=1 .44 , 95% CI:1 .25-1 .65)and the unemployed(OR=1 .29 ,95% CI:1 .15-1 .46)had more possibility to suffer from hypertension ;higher income earners had lower risk of hypertension ;obese people(OR=3 .09 ,95% CI:2 .63~3 .63)and diabetes(OR= 3 .87 ,95% CI:3 .30-4 .52)were more likely to suffer from hypertension .Conclusion The prevalence rate of hypertension among residents aged 15 years old or more in Hubei Province presents the increasing trend ,which needs the corresponding departments and institutions to adopt the measures to actively prevent and control hypertension .

This article reports the experience of treatment of 30 cases of temporal epilepsy with surgery. There were 15 male patients and 15 female. The duration of the disease ranged from 5 to 37 years with an average of 13.6 years. 12 patients suffered from grand and petite mal, 8 Jacksonian accompanied by psychomotor epilepsy, and 10 grand mal. Before the operation, the focus with sporadic spikes was found in the temporal lobe with electroencephalogram. Operation: the temporal pole and the medi-basal region were removed in 9 cases, anterior portion of the temporal nesiolobe in 10 cases, temporal neocortical of the temporal lobe in 6 cases, dorsolateral and laterobasal parts in 5 cases. Organic pathological changes were confirmed in all cases by pathological examination. Clinical result of all cases was satisfactory, with an effective rate of 93%. The clinical and pathological changes of epilepsy and efficacy of the treatment are discussed. It is stressed that the localization of the focus of epilepsy depe nds mainly on electroencephalogram. It is very important to look for sporadic spikes using cortical electrode during operation, and complete eradication of the focus is the key to achieve a good treatment effect.

Objective To explore the best treatment strategy of pyogenic brain abscesses.Methods Clinical data of 45 patients(34 males and 11 females,ages ranged from 7 to 76 years,averaged 42.6 years) with brain abscess treated from January 1999 to March 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 45 patients,there were 40 with single brain abscess and 5 with multiple brain abscess;43 with unilocular abscess and 2 with multilocular abscess.19 patients accepted the conservative treatment with the third generation cephalosporin,16 were treated with stereotactic puncture of abscess,8 treated with stereotactic puncture and drainage,and microsurgical excision was performed in 5 patients.Results Of the 19 patients treated with conservative method,16 were cured,no recurrence was found during the follow-up period(from 6 months to 5 years) in 13 patients,and another 3 were deteriorated and accepted stereotactic operation.All the stereotactic operations were carried successfully out in 24 patients(including 3 cases after expectant treatment failure) and only one patient needed another stereotactic aspiration two weeks later because of abscess recurrence after the initial operation.Epileptic seizure was found in one patient at the end of stereotactic procedure.Total removal of brain abscess was performed by microsurgical craniotomy in 5 patients.At the time of discharge,clinical symptoms disappeared or were improved remarkably,and CT or MRI re-examination disclosed the disappearance or obviously diminution of abscess in all patients.No abscess recurred during the follow-up period(from 4 months to 3 years,average 14 months) in 22 patients.Conclusion A set of treatment strategy of pyogenic brain abscesses has been proposed and stereotactic operation seems to be the most appropriate surgical choice.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the arterial wall imaging technology of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging ( HR-MRI) in the risk assessment of intracranial aneurysm rupture. Methods Fifty-four patients with 66 intracranial aneurysms underwent 3. 0 T HR-MRI multiple sequences arterial wall imaging from November 2013 to March 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Five patients with ruptured aneurysm were used as a control group. The characteristic differences of aneurysm lesions between an unruptured intracranial aneurysm ( UIA) wall enhancement group and a non-enhancement group were compared. The risk factors for rupture were analyzed according to the size,location, and basic clinical characteristics of aneurysm. Results (1) HR-MRI revealed that whether the aneurysm walls enhanced or not,there were no significant differences in the location size,wide-necked aneurysm or not,and ratios of aneurysm height and neck width (all P >0. 05). (2) The enhancement rates of the aneurysm volume <2 group and ≥2 group were 20%(8/40) and 61. 9%(13/21) respectively,the incidence of the ruptured aneurysm asci was higher than that of UIA,and there was significant difference ( all P<0. 05). There were no significant differences in neck width,rate of aneurysm volume,ratios of aneurysm height and neck width,and enhancement rates among the groups. Conclusion The preliminary results of this study have showed that there is a related trend between the HR-MRI aneurysm wall enhancement and the risk of rupture,but a further large sample follow-up study is needed.

Objective To study the potential and value of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) conjugated by mesothelin antibody as MRI targeting contrast agent for diagnosis of implanted human pancreatic carcinomas in nude mouse.Methods Nude mouse tumor models bearing multiple human pancreatic carcinomas at different time points was established and they were randomized into two groups,and USPIO or MSLN-USPIO were used as contrast enhanced agents in the 3.0T MRI scan,respectively,then the positive detection rates for smallest tumors,and the signal intensity of tumors in T2 mapping images of both unenhanced and contrast enhanced scanning and the negative enhancement rate were measured,then Prussian blue staining was performed in alI the tumor specimens to observe the difference of Fe3 + ion deposition.Results There was no statistical significance between USPIO group and MSLN-USPIO group in the positive detection rates for smallest tumors.In USPIO group,the negative enhancement rate of left or right axilla tumors was (12.29 ±7.45)％ and (11.06 ±5.91)％,and they were (33.88 ±6.09)％ and (43.29 ± 11.64)％ in MSLN-USPIO group.There was statistical significance in the difference of signal intensity between unenhanced and contrast enhanced in left or right axilla tumors (P ＜ 0.05),and the negative enhancement rate in MSLN-USPIO group was significantly higher than that in USPIO group (P ＜0.05).The Fe3+ ion deposition in tumors' tissue in MSLN-USPIO group was significantly more than that in USPIO group.Conclusions The enhanced effect of MSLN-USPIO is superior to USOPIO,and it can be a tumor targeted MR contrast enhanced agent for the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma in nude mouse.