OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of hydrophilic/hydrophobic nano-silica with different adding amount on the stabili-ty of lipo-emulsion. METHODS:Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emulsion 4 mL was taken,respectively adding into 0.5%,1.0%,1.5%(m/m,the same below) hydrophilic nSiO2,and 0.4%,0.75,1.0% hydrophobic nSiO2,incubating 2 h in 30 ℃ water;the same batch of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emulsion was treated as blank control. The forms were observed under electron microscopy after treatment,absorbance value was determined,the stability parameter (KE) was calculated according to the absorbance value,then the adding amount of nSiO2 was optimized,3 batches of preparations was prepared,and the verification test was conducted. RE-SULTS:The spherical structure was Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emulsion in the electron microscopy,the substance wrapping its sur-face white ring (fully wrapped) or semi-circular structure (not fully wrapped) was nSiO2. KE of hydrophilic nSiO2 were 4.66%, 5.01% and -2.08%,and KE of hydrophobic nSiO2 were 3.02%,4.51% and 7.24%. The optimized adding amount of hydrophilic nSiO2 was 0.2%,0.3% and 0.4%,hydrophobic nSiO2 was 0.1%,0.2% and 0.3%;KE were 6.19%,3.05%,7.84%,8.42%, 2.41%,2.93%,respectively. The optimal adding amount was 0.3% hydrophilic nSiO2 and 0.2% hydrophobic nSiO2;the 3 batches of preparation showed the optimum stability in its own adding amount. CONCLUSIONS:Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic nSiO2 can improve the stability of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emulsion,and preferably 0.3%,0.2%.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference indexs for the quality evaluation of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emul. METHODS:Croy-TEM was used to detect the morphology of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emul,laser nano-particle size analyzer was used to deter-mine the particle size,polydispersity index(PDI)and the zeta potential;UPLC was used to determine the drug loading of its ac-tive ingredient glycyrrhetinic acid;placing 10 d in 30 ℃,then stability was detected. RESULTS:Prepared Glycyrrhetinic acid li-po-emul was clear outline,structural integrity,roundlike and arranged closely;the mean particle size was(245.2±4.29)nm,PDI was (0.054 ± 0.01) and the mean zeta potential was (-6.25 ± 0.54) mV;the average drug loading of glycyrrhetinic acid was (1.25±0.09)mg/mL;the sample with mass concentration of 0.82 mg/mL showed good stability in within 10 d. CONCLUSIONS:Particle size,zeta potential,drug loading and stability can be used as the evaluation index of Glycyrrhetinic acid lipo-emul.

Objective To observe the prevalence and risk factors of chronic low back pain in puerperas after childbirth.Methods Eight hundred and eighty-one puerperas were selected,among whom 459 cases had uterine-incision delivery,and 422 cases had spontaneous delivery.The age,height and weight of pregnant women,birth weight of newborn,history of preoperative low back pain,parity and mode of delivery were recorded.The rate of chronic low back pain occurring within 1 month after childbirth and continuing for 3 months was recorded by telephone.The factors with P values less than 0.05 would enter the Logistic regression analysis to screen the risk factors of chronic low back pain.Results Two hundred and fifty-nine puerperas (259/881,29.4％) appeared chronic low back pain,of whom 157 puerperas (157/459,34.2％)delivered by uterine-incision and 102 puerperas (102/422,24.2％) delivered spontaneously,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Six hundred and fifty-eight puerperas had no history of preoperative low back pain,and 150 puerperas (150/658,22.8％) appeared newly developed chronic low back pain.Logistic regression analysis showed that mode of delivery,parity and history of preoperative low back pain were the risk factors of chronic low back pain.Condusions The rate of chronic low back pain in puerperas after childbirth is 29.4％,and the newly developed chronic low back pain is 22.8％.Uterineincision delivery,multiparity and history of preoperative low back pain are the risk factors of chronic low back pain for puerperas after childbirth.

Objective To compare the thin-section CT findings of pulmonary candidiasis,aspergillosis and eryptococcosis wim histopathology in immunoeomprimised rabbits and impmve the diagnostic accuracy of fungus infection. Methods Heathy New Zealand white rabbits were used for immunoeompromised animal models.Thin-section CT scan was performed before and 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 d after inoculation.The pattern and distribution of the pulmonary abnormalities were retrospectively assessed by two thomeic radiologists and compared with histopathology.The granulocyte count was compared before and after administration of immunosuppressive agents.The pmred t test,chi square test and the Fisher's exact test were used for the statistics.Results Fourteen rabbits had candidiasis.16 rabbits had cryptocoecosis,15 rabbits had aspergillosis.The granulocyte counts before and after administration of immunosuppressive agents were(2.91±0.92)and(0.35±0.19)×109/L respectively in eandidiasis group,there was a significant difference(t=12.484,P＜0.05);(2.51±0.82)and(0.76±0.71)×109/L in aspergillosis group,there was a significant difference(t=5.792,P＜0.05);(2.10±0.65)and (0.48±0.22)×109/L in cryptococcosis group,there was a significant difference(t=8.199,P＜0.05).The onaet time of infections on CT were not significantly different in three groups (P＞0.05).Ground glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation were the two most colnlnon findings in immunocompromised rabbits with three fungus infections,areas of GGO was correlated with the congestion,hemorrhage,inflammatory cell infiltration and interstitial hyperplasia in pathology. Consolidation was correlated with the severe congestion,hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial hyperplasia, necrosis and vascular embolism in pathology. Conclusion GGO and consolidation are the two most common findings of fungus infections in immunocompromised animal models and thin-section CT findings can reflect the pathological changes.

Small package of Chinese medicine decoction pieces (hereinafter “small package of TCM”) has its unique advantage.After searching the literature in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP database,the papers linked to small package of TCM were analyzed from its aspect of history,pros and cons,package select-ed,dispensing procedure.Then a“ten Chinese characters pithy formula”directed at the process of small package of TCM dispensing was summarized as “examine(Chinese:审),display (Chinese:摆),watch (Chinese:看),check (Chinese:对),take (Chinese:拿),weigh (Chinese:掂),assign (Chinese:分),verify (Chinese:核),pack (Chinese:包),dispense (Chinese:发)”,which was easy to remem-ber,to understand and to operate,contributing to improving the quality of clinical dispensing and stand-ardizing the skill of TCM dispensing.

Objective By comparing the efficacy and toxicity of three extraction methods of Gegen Qinlian formula,so as to underline the appropriate technology of its extraction and preparation.Methods Mice were divided into blank group,pathological group,tablet group,pill group and decoction group, in which the latter three groups were divided into high -,mid -and low -dose subgroups respectively. The mice models were induced by i.g.senna decoction 20 mL/kg(4 g/kg).The tablet group were i.g. extract water solution at dose of 1.60,0.80,0.40 g/kg,the pill group were i.g.at dose of 6,3 and 1.5 g/kg,and the decoction group at dose of 13,6.5 and 3.25 g/kg.The number of the wet dung was chosen to evaluate the antidiarrheic effect of Gegen Qinlian formula.Then the acute toxicity test of differ-ent samples was carried out through maximal dosage experiments.Mice were divided into tablet group, pill group and decoction group,with 10 mice in each group.And the maximum dosage were 0.66 g/mL (tablet),0.63 g/mL(pill)and 0.74 g/mL(decoction),equivalent to crude drug pieces of 67.96, 89.01 and 177.77 g/kg,and equivalent to 24,9 and 6 times daily dose of per kilogram of body weight of 70 kg.After the single dose administration,the reactions of the mice were observed for consecutive seven days.Results The sample of three dosage forms of Gegen Qinlian formula had obvious therapeutic effect (P <0.001),among which the antidiarrheic effect of tablets was best (P <0.05),pill less and decoc-tion least.No death or obvious abnormalities was discovered under maximum dosage.Conclusion In the three preparations,Gegen Qinlian tablets extraction preparation method recorded in 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia had the best inhibitory effect against diarrhea caused by senna leaves.

Objective To investigate CT findings of abnormal bronchovascular bundle in patients with peripheral small cell lung cancer (SCLC).Methods The CT findings of abnormal bronchovascular bundle in 78 peripheral SCLC patients confirmed by pathology were retrospectively reviewed.Abnormal bronchovascular bundle of peripheral SCLC was divided into three types:type Ⅰ (thickening of the bronchovascular bundle),type Ⅱ (string beads of bronchovascular bundle) and type Ⅲ (bronchial cast with bronchus cut-off).Results 41 of 78 patients had abnormal bronchovascular bundle,in which 26 cases were in type Ⅰ,10 in type Ⅱ,5 in type Ⅲ.Except for 1 case with no mediastinal lymph node metastasis among 41 cases with abnormal bronchovascular bundle,all other 40 cases had mediastinal lymph node metastasis.Conclusion The abnormal bronchovascular bundle could reflect the biologic character of SCLC.Abnormal bronchovascular bundle is associated with advanced patients.

Objective:To explore the value of difference value and relative value of pulmonary vascular quantitative parameters of biphasic CT in diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and high-risk groups.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study. A retrospective study of 624 patients who underwent biphasic chest CT scanning in the Second Affiliated Hospital of PLA Naval Medical University from August 2018 to December 2020. Subjects were divided into three groups according to pulmonary function test: normal group ( n=321), preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) ( n=204) and COPD group ( n=99). The pulmonary vascular quantitative parameters were obtained by the workstation, including the number of pulmonary vessels (N total), cross-sectional area less than that of 5 mm 2 (N CSA5), vessel area (VA total) of 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 mm from the pleura, total blood vessels volume (TBV) and total blood vessels volume under 5 mm 2 (BV5) at expiratory and inspiratory phase. The difference value, relative value of biphasic CT were calculated. ANOVA test or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the differences of pulmonary vascular quantitative parameters among the three groups, and LSD or Bonferroni tests were used for multiple comparisons. Results:The N total, N CSA5, VA total of the whole lung in the inspiratory phase at the level of 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 mm from the pleura and TBV, BV5 in the normal group, PRISm group and COPD group, showed an overall trend of decreasing and then increasing, and the PRISm group was lower than those of the normal group ( P<0.05). The differences in N total, N CSA5, VA total between the COPD group and the normal group at the level of 9 and 21 mm from the pleura were not statistically significant ( P>0.05), while the N total, N CSA5, V Atotal of biphasic difference value and relative value in COPD group demonstrated a significant difference from those in normal group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The difference value and relative value of pulmonary vascular quantitative parameters in biphasic CT are more useful than single inspiratory-phase vascular parameters to differentiate the changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling between COPD patients and the normal population, and also to complement the pulmonary vascular characteristics of the PRISm population, which can provide a basis for early warning of COPD and high-risk populations.

Synthetic biology is an emerging discipline, which aims at creating artificial lives or remolding the present organisms to generate new features. To achieve these goals, synthetic biologists need to design and synthesize new genes, pathways, modules or even whole genomes. As these enabling technologies (e.g. gene synthesis, DNA assembly and genome editing) are very important for the progress of synthetic biology, we will focus on the development of these technologies in this review.

TCM dispensing is the most basic clinical pharmaceutical work of TCM.In recent years,based on the 9 key technologies of TCM dispensing,the TCM dispensing industry has ushered in great development,and innovative TCM dispensing information system and intelligent dispensing equipment have appeared.This article sorted out the current situation of TCM dispensing industry and looked forward to its future development route.The results showed that the introduction of new technology and new equipment in the key technical links of procurement acceptance,dispensing review,TCM decocting,medication guidance and so on have improved the quality of dispensing service and ensured the quality and safety of medication.In the development of modern TCM dispensing industry,it is necessary to improve the quality control standard system,service standard system and core equipment standard system in the standardization of dispensing technology;in terms of talent cultivation in the field of dispensing,it is necessary to focus on restructuring and building new educational models to cultivate new medical talents that intersect medical and engineering fields;in terms of informatization and intelligence,it is necessary to develop intelligent equipment that is more in line with the characteristics of TCM,and further promote and improve the"shared TCM pharmacy"model.Through improving the content of TCM clinical pharmaceutical care,developing new technology and equipment of TCM dispensing,and improving the level of dispensing service and education,it is expected to gradually realize the standardization,informatization and intelligent development of modern TCM dispensing industry.