Objective: To understand the attitudes about mental illnesses of different types of community members. Method: A questionnaire was first developed using qualitative methods and then administered to 225 schizophrenic patients, 230 family members of schizophrenic patients, 257 community residents and 283 psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses in Beijing. Result: Patients were most optimistic and community members were most pessimistic about mental illnesses; family members tend to be optimistic, but were less positive than patients about the social contribution and treatment prospects. Mental health professionals were more negative than patients and family members but less negative than community members about social contribution, dangerousness, and need to restrict the behavior of those mentally ill. Unlike the other three groups, mental health professionals were much more likely to attribute mental illnesses to biological factors and much less to consider personal or social causes. Conclusion: To improve patient's and family members' damaged self-esteem, to enhance compliance with treatment, and to maximize patients' social rehabilitation, it is essential to rapidly institute effective measures of decreasing negative attitudes about the mentally ill in the community.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of heat-sensitive point moxibustion in treating functional dyspepsia. Methods Fifty-six patients with functional dyspepsia were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 28 cases each. The treatment group received heat-sensitive point moxibustion and the control group took domperidone tablets. The symptoms were scored and plasma motilin was measured in the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results The total efficacy rate was 89.3% in the treatment group and 82.1% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the symptom score and plasma motilin in the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the symptom score and plasma motilin between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Heat-sensitive point moxibustion is an effective way to treat functional dyspepsia.

Objecfive To investigate multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT)appearances of pulmonary infections after liver transplantation(LT)and the diagnostic values of MSCT.Methods The clinical data and CT images of liver transplantation receptors were reviewed from 200 1 August to 2007 June,the types,onset time and CT appearances of pulmonary infections were analyzed retrospectively.Chi square test was used for the statistics.Results The incidence rate of pulmonary infections after LT was 32.9/(174/529),the mortality was 9.8/(1 7/174),The incidence of bacterial infection,fungus or associated fungus infection,and virus or associated virus infection were 17.2/(n=91),14.7/(n=78)and 2.3/(n=12)respectively,the pulmonary infections were seen in 64.7/,28.7/and 6.6/of patients 1 to 30 days,31-90 days and after 90 days following LT.Consolidations(n=32),ground-glass opacities(n=22),nodules(n=10),reticular or lineal opacities(n=4)were found in 45 patients who had CT examination,there were no statistic differences in incidence rate between bacterial infection and mycotic infection(P＞0.05).Conclusion Pulmonary bacterial and fungus infection are common after LT.and often present as the mixed infection,the high risk period for infection is within 30 days after LT,thoracic CT stall is very important for characterizing the pulmonary infections after LT.

Objective To improve identification with regard and accuracy of diagnosis to CT appearances of pulmonary infections after liver transplantation(LT) .Methods CT findings of pulmonary infections after LT were retrospectively analyzed.Results The main CT manifestations included consolidation in 32(the lesions mostly in the right or both lower lung zones),ground-glass attenuation in 22,(the lesions distribution were often bilateral and diffuse),nodules in 10(multiple and bilateraly,the diameter of lesions was all less than 3 cm), and seven less than 1 cm,including diffuse and miliary nodules of lungs in 3,graticule or line shadows in 4,the lesions were in bilateral upper lobes in 2 and distribution extensively in bilateral lungs in 2.The most common CT findings of lung bacterial infection after LT were consolidation ,and ground-glass attenuation,while for pulmonary mycotic infection consolidation,ground-glass attenuation and nodule were all often seen.Conclusion CT is valuable to the diagnosis of pulmonary infections after LT.

Objective To review the CT findings in patients with pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation and to determine the characteristic features in different infections.Methods The medical records were reviewed in 446 patients with pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation and 121 patients who had pulmonary thin-section CT were included in this study.The pattern and distribution of the pulmonary abnormalities were interpreted independently by two thoracic radiologists.Statistical analysis was performed using the X2 test and the Fisher's exact teat.Results (1)Time course:65(14.6/) patients initially had pulmonary infection in the first 30 days,147(32.9/)between 1 and 3 months,91(20.4/)between 3 and 6 months,23(5.2/)between 6 and 12 months,120(26.9/)afler 12 months of transplantation.In the first month after procedure,bacterial infection(4/5,80.0/)was the most common infection,bacterial(34/41,82.9/)、mixed(19/41,46.3/)and virus infections(11/41.26.8/)were seen commonly 1 to 6 months following transplant,the incidence of fungal(14/38,36.8/)and myeobaeterial(5/38,1 3.2/)infections was increased after 1 2 months of transplantation.(2)Pathogens:Baeterial(34,28/)and mixed infections(34,28/)were the most common,followed by fungus infeetion(9.7/),TB(7,6/)and eytomegalovirus(5,4/).(3)CT findings:Ground-galss attenuations(69,57.0/)was the most common findings of pneumonia,followed by reticular or linear opacities(68,56.2/),nodules (66,54.5/),pleural thickening(41,33.9/),consolidations(31,25.6/),tree-in-bud patterns(24,19.8/),pleural effusion(22,18.2/),and bronchovascular bundle thickening(16,13.2/).Ground-glass attenuation was commonly seen in cytomegalovirus pneumonia (4,80.0/),and nodule was commonly observed in bacterial infection(23.67.6/),tree-in-bud pattern was the most common finding in pulmonary tuberculosis (4.P=0.049).There were no statistically significant difierences in the prevalence of other CT paRerns (P＞0.05).Conclusions The peak incidence of pulmonary infection is in the 3 month after renal transplantation and bacterial infection is the most common.The CT diagnosis of infeetion can be made by combining the time course of infection,clinical laboratory data and lesion distribution.

Objective To investigate the application value of CT venography(CTV) in the diagnosis and treatment of Budd‐Chiari syndrome(BCS) .Methods 58 patients with BBCS in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were performed the CTV examination .The inferior vena cava ,hepatic vein ,portal vein and collateral vessels were performed the reconstruction analysis . Results All the patients were definitely diagnosed as BCS after completing CTV examination ,including :19 cases of inferior vena cava(IVC) diaphragm type ,15 cases of short IVC segment occlusion ,8 cases of long IVC segment occlusion ,9 cases of hepatic vein stenosis or occlusion ,7 cases complicated by fresh thrombosis .In addition ,the different degrees of compensatory expansion of col‐lateral vesse ,intuition and comprehensiveness ,can display the position ,character and length of lesion vessel ,also observes the de‐grees of collateral vessels expansion and liver cirrhosis .

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of Osteoset artificial bone mixed Rifampicin for injection after radical debridement in the treatment of sacroiliac joint tuberculosis,and compare with debridement alone.Methods From May 2005 to August 2010,48 patients with sacroiliac joint tuberculosis patients underwent two different surgical methods were selected as analysis subjects in the Orthopedics Department of Chest Hospital of Hebei Province.Among them,27 cases underwent radical debridement and fusion with Osteoset artificial bone combined with Rifampicin for injection (Grafting group),and 21 case were treated with radical debridement only(Control group).The local wound healing,adverse reactions and regular imaging examination (pelvic X-ray and CT scan) were observed,and the surgical time,the intraoperative blood loss,postoperative 6 months and 12 months,18 months bone graft fusion rate,and Majeed scoring results of the patients were recorded and statistically analyzed.Results All patients were followed up from 20 to 30 months with an average of 24 months.There was no significant difference in terms of surgical time and operative bleeding between the two groups(P＞0.05).The rate of bone fusion in grafting group was 33.33％ (9/27) of 6 months after operation,88.9％(24/27) of 12 months after operation,and 96.3％ (26/27) of 18 months after operation.While that in control group was 4.76％ (1/21) of 6 months after operation,42.85 ％ (9/21) of 12 months after operation,and 42.85％ (9/21) of 18 months after operation.The differences of these parameters between the two groups were significant(x2 =5.85,20.92,15.90;P＜0.05).According to Majeed scoring system,the excellent and good rates were 100％ (27/27) in grafting group,76.19％ (16/21) in control group,the difference was statistically significant(x2=7.18 P＜0.05).Conclusion With Rifampicin loaded Osteoset artificial bone can recruit bone graft mass during the bone fusion for sacroiliac joint tuberculosis,and reduce the adverse reactions,achieve bone fusion earlier than the control group.

Objective To explore effects of heroin and ephedrine on the histological structure and ChAT activity of hypothalamus and hippocampus of filial mice. Expression of Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax protein) and keratinocyte growth factor(KGF) of hypothalamus and hippocampus were measured. Methods One hundred and eight filial mice were given intraperitoneal injection of heroin and ephedrine by gradually increase of doses, apoptosis and expression of Bax protein and KGF of hypothalamus and hippocampus were observed by Giemsa staining and immunohistochemistry, and the ChAT activity was detected by colorimetry. Results After administration of heroin and ephedrine at 5,10,15,20 days, the number of apoptotic cells and expression of Bax protein and KGF of hypothalamus and hippocampus were significantly increased and ChAT activity was lower than those of the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were differences between heroin group and the ephedrine group in the above-mentioned four indexes (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The number of apoptotic cells and Bax protein and KGF immunopositive neurons of hypothalamus and hippocampus increased by the increase in dose of heroin and ephedrine. Conclusions Heroin and ephedrine had great effect on the histological structure and ChAT activity of hypothalamus and hippocampus of filial mice, and this effects would be related to the cell apoptosis of hypothalamus and hippocampus.

Objective To discuss the value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and 18F-FDG-PET/CT in assessing the early therapeutic effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for VX2 sarcomas in experimental rabbits. Methods VX2 sarcoma was inoculated at bilateral hind limbs in 14 New Zealand white rabbits to establish the animal models. The implanted VX2 tumor on one hind leg was treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous RFA (study group), while no RFA was given to the VX2 tumor on the contralateral hind leg (control group). DWI-MRI was performed at 2 days after RFA, and 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination was employed at 3 days after RFA. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and standard uptake value (SUV) of the untreated tumor and the ablated tumor were separately calculated. Taking the pathologic result as the gold standard, the consistency of DWI-MRI, PET/CT as well as the combination of DWI-MRI and PET/CT with the clinical diagnosis was separately evaluated by Kappa test. Results Before RFA, DWI-MRI demonstrated that the VX2 tumor was characterized by hypo-intensity signal on T1 and hyper-intensity signal on T2 with ring-shaped enhancement on T1-weighted image; PET/CT showed that the tumor had nodular or ring-shaped 18F-FDG accumulation. After RFA, DWI-MRI revealed that the VX2 tumor was manifested as hyper-intensity signal on T1 and slight higher density on T1 with slight enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image; PET/CT showed lowered accumulation of 18F-FDG. The mean ADC value of the ablated tumor was (1.52 ± 0.24) × 10-3 mm2/s, which was obviously higher than that of the un-ablated tumor, that was (1.09 ± 0.12) × 10-3 mm2/s, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The mean SUV value of the ablated tumor was (0.6 ± 0.3), which was significantly lower than that of the ablated tumor (9.6 ± 3.2, P<0.05). No significant difference in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy existed between DWI-MRI and pathology as well as between PET/CT and pathology, the Kappa value being 0.357 and 0.428 respectively (P>0.05). The Kappa value of the consistency between combination of DWI-MRI with PET/CT and pathology was 0.786, which was significantly different from the result by simple DWI-MRI or simple PET/CT evaluation (P< 0.05). Conclusion Both ADC value of DWI-MRI and SUV value of PET/CT are useful indexes for evaluating the early therapeutic effect of RFA. Both DWI-MRI and PET/CT have their respective advantages, nevertheless, combination use of both can effectively improve the evaluation of curative effect for VX2 tumor after RFA in experimental rabbits.

A sensitive and selective method for the determination of imidafenacin in human plasma using liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry was established, and was applied to the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies of imidafenacin in healthy Chinese volunteers. After the liquid-liquid extraction pretreatment, samples were separated by UPLC on BEH C8(2. 1 mm×50 mm, 1. 7 μm)column with mobile phase 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution with 0. 2% acetic acid and acetonitrile using gradient elution. The mass instrument was operated in the positive ion mode, and the monitored transition was set at m/z 320. 2→238. 1 and m/z 330. 2→248. 2 for imidafenacin and IS(imidafenacin-d10), respectively. In the single-dose, double cycle, self-crossover clinical trial, 24 healthy Chinese volunteers received 0. 1 mg reference or test imidafenacin tablet orally under fasting condition. Drug concentration in plasma was determined by this method and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 3. 2. 8 software. The linear range of the analysis method is 10. 0 pg/mL to 1 000 pg/mL. The extraction recoveries of the low medium and high concentration samples were 84. 0%, 88. 0% and 90. 0%, respectively. The matrix effects of low medium and high concentration samples were 105%, 100% and 101%, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters of imidafenacin for the reference and test tablets were as follows: cmax 524. 8 pg/mL vs 612. 6 pg/mL, tmax 1. 250 h vs 1. 063 h, AUC0-∞ 2 229 pg ·h/mL vs 2 466 pg ·h/mL. The reference and test tablets of imidafenacin were bioequivalent. This method proved to be rapid and accurate for the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies of imidafenacin.