With the deepening of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the method of quantification and standardization of TCM (i.e., quantitative characterization of TCM) has been more and more widely accepted by researchers. Chemometrics processes complicated data of TCM through applied mathematics, statistics and com-puter technology. And multivariable study was introduced into the quantitative characterization of TCM with great achievements. This article reviewed existed problems of quantitative characterization in TCM, the principles, char-acteristics, limitations, commonly used statistical methods and application conditions on quantitative characteriza-tion of TCM. With this review, a reference for further study of quantitative characterization of TCM was provided and a further research idea of combination with main methods of chemometrics was given.

Objective To study absorption characteristic of dioscin from Dioscorea nipponica Makino extract in rat intestine.Methods Single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model was used for rat in situ and HPLC was used to determine the concentrations of dioscin.The effects of different intestinal segments,drug concentration and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor on intestinal absorption were investigated.Results Dioscin could be absorbed in the whole intestine,the absorption rate constant (Ka) and the apparent coefficient (Papp) of dioscin decreased following the sequence of ileum > duodenum =jejunum > colon.Absorption parameters of dioscin had no significant difference at different concentrations (40,80,120 mg·L-1).There were significant differences in Ka and Papp values between P-gp inhibitor group and no P-gp inhibitor group(P<0.05).Conclusion The saturate phenomena was not observed under the test range of drug concentration,and the absorption mechanism may be passive diffusion transport.Dioscin in Dioscorea nipponica Makino extract may be the substrate of P-gp.

Macular edema is an important cause of visual impairment in many eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion and uveitis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution image of retinal microstructures in a non-contact and rapid manner, which greatly improves the ability of diagnosis and follow-up to macular edema patients. OCT has been widely used in the clinical detection of patients with macular edema. No matter what the cause of macular edema is, it can be observed in OCT images that there are spot-like deposits with strong reflection signals in the retina, which are mostly distributed discretely or partially convergent, and are called hyperreflective foci. At present, the nature or source of hyperreflective foci is not clear, however, may involve the destruction of the blood retina barrier, retinal inflammatory reaction, neurocellular degeneration, and so on. These mechanisms are also the key physiological mechanisms in the development of macular edema. The clinical research on hyperreflective foci provides a new direction for understanding the pathogenesis of macular edema and predicting the prognosis of macular edema. The distribution and quantity characteristics of hyperreflective foci may be an important biological marker to predict the prognosis of macular edema.nosis of macular edema. foci provides a new direction for understanding the pathogenesis of macular edema and predicting the prognosis of macular edema. The distribution and quantity characteristics of HRF may be an important biological marker to predict the prognosis of macular edema.

Objective To analyze the influential factors of clinical pregnancy rate of the frozen-thawed embryo transplantation. Methods The data of 3 192 FET patients in the reproductive medicine center of our hospital up to May 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. According to ages, reasons of infertility, types of infertility, duration of infertility, drug regimen, the number and the time of embryo transplantation, we divided these patients into six groups for comparing the clinical pregnancy rate. Results The FET clinical pregnancy rate of the under 35 years group was higher than the 35~39 years group and the over 39 years group (33.96%vs. 27.58%and 19.35%; P<0.05, respectively). The duration of infertility in the clinical pregnancy group was significantly shorter than the non-pregnancy group (P<0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate in the group with three embryos transplanted was higher than the group with only two embryos transplanted (41.01% vs. 28.75%; P < 0.05). Among the group with the age of over 40 years, those with three embryos transplanted had a higher clinical pregnancy rate than those with only one embryo transplanted (25.49% vs. 0.00%; P < 0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate of the frozen blastocyst transplantation group was higher than that of the cleavage-stage transplantation group (40.00%vs. 26.27%;P<0.05). Conclusion Age, infertility duration, the number and the time of frozen embryo transplantation may affect the clinical pregnancy rate among the FET patients. An individualized transplantation program based on age may improve the patient′s clinical pregnancy rate.

Noninfectious uveitis refers to a category of inflammatory diseases involving the uvea,vitreous,optic disk and retina,with the exception of infectious factors or masquerade syndrome.These kind of blinding diseases are frequently recurrent,and the diagnosis and follow-up require fundus imaging techniques.OCT angiography (OCTA) is a rapid,noninvasive and quantifiable blood flow imaging modality that provides a depiction of the microvasculature morphology of the retinal and choroidal through different segmentation and detects the abnormal blood perfusion as well as the neovascularization.OCTA plays an important role in the diagnosis,assessment and follow-up for anterior uveitis,posterior uveitis and pan-uveitis such as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease,Beh(c)et's disease,ocular sarcoidosis,birdshot chorioretinopathy,serpiginous choroiditis,multifocal choroiditis,punctate inner choroidopathy,acute zonal occult outer retinopathy,acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy,multiple evanescent white dot syndrome,and also provides clue about their pathophysiologic mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of sodium danshensu,protocatechuic aldehyde,salvianolic acid B and phellodendrine hydrochloride in Shenbai shuxin granules.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.The separation was performed on Waters sunfire-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05 ％ trifluoroacetic acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 288 nm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃.The sample size was 5 μL.RESULTS:The linear ranges of sodium danshensu,protocatechuic aldehyde,salvianolic acid B and phellodendrine hydrochloride were 0.040 01-1.600 46 μg(r=0.999 9),0.013 84-0.553 7 μg(r=0.999 9),0.049 32-1.972 94 μg(r=0.999 6),0.014 46-0.578 6 μg(r=0.999 8).The limits of quantitation were 7.68,2.66,4.74,1.38 ng,and the limits of detection were 1.92,0.66,2.36,0.69 ng,respectively.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2％.The recoveries were 98.846％-100.762％ (RSD=0.77％,n=6),96.632％-99.463％ (RSD=0.98％,n=6),98.541％-100.432％ (RSD=0.82 ％,n =6),98.607 ％-101.521％ (RSD =1.11％,n =6),respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and precise.It can be used for 4 components in Shenbai shuxin granules.

Seed morphology of 17 Dendrobium species from Yunnan were observed under light microscope and environment scanning electron microscope and 16 of them were reported first time. All seeds were yellow and fusiform, but big differences existed in sizes of seeds and embryos, which were not significantly related to the division of sections under Dendrobium. Dendrobium seed consisted of embryo and testa with flocs on its cell walls. The density and length of flocs were different among the sections under Dendrobium.
China ; Dendrobium ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Seeds ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; ultrastructure

Objective To explore the diagnostic and score value of ultrasound on hemophiliac arthropathy referring to MRI on the diagnosis and score of hemophiliac arthropathy Methods The ultrasound and MRI examinations were performed on 42 joints of 42 hemophilia patients 14 knees 14 ankles and 14 elbows The consistency of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the detection and score of joint diseases was compared Finally inter-and intra-observer agreement of ultrasound scoring system were tested Results The consistency of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging was excellent κ=0 763-0 896 P < 0 001 in the detection of early soft tissue lesions effusion or hemarthrosis synovial hypertrophy hemosiderin excellent κ=0 793 P <0 001 in the detection of cartilage loss poor κ=0 133 P = 0 132 in the detection of erosions and poor κ= 0 100 P = 0 137 in the detection of subchondral cysts The consistency of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging was good to excellentκ=0 684-0 833 P < 0 001 in the score of early soft tissue lesions effusion or hemarthrosis synovial hypertrophy and hemosiderin and poor to good κ=0 145 -0 635 P <0 001 in the score of advanced osteochondral lesions cartilage loss and bone erosions The inter-observer agreement was good to excellent κ=0 676-0 870 P <0 001 for early soft tissue lesions and moderate to excellent κ=0 421- 0 75 1 P < 0 001 for advanced osteochondral lesions The intra-observer agreement was good to excellent κ=0 705-0 885 P <0 001 for early soft tissue lesions and moderate to good κ=0 532 -0 732 P <0 001 for advanced osteochondral lesions Conclusions Ultrasound plays an important role in detecting early soft tissue changes effusion or hemarthrosis synovial hypertrophy hemosiderin and cartilage loss which helps follow-up and guide clinical treatment.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of anterolateral thigh perforator flap with fascia lata in repairing hand and foot wounds complicated with extensor tendon defect.Methods:The clinical data of patients with hand and foot wounds complicated with extensor tendon defect who were repaired with anterolateral thigh perforator flap with fascia lata in Long Gang District Orthopedic Hospital of Shenzhen from May 2014 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. During the operation, fascia lata was used to repair the defect of extensor tendon.The proximal and distal endof fascia lata were anastomosis with defect extensor tendon by figure 8 sutures.The soft tissue defects of hand and foot were repaired with anterolateral thigh (ALT)perforator flap. The donor site was closed primarily or covered by free skin graft. After operation, the sensory recovery of the flap was evaluated according to the evaluation standard of sensory function after peripheral nerve injury formulated by British Medical Research Association. According to the total active range of movement (TAM) of fingers recommended by the evaluation standard of hand tendon repair of Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, the hand motor function was evaluated systematically. Foot motor function was evaluated according to the ankle-hind foot scoring system developed and recommended by the American Association of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.Results:A total of 23 patients were enrolled, including 19 males and 4 females, aged from 9 to 61 years old, with an average age of 26 years old. Causes of injury: there were 11 cases of crushinjury associated with machine, 4 cases of road traffic injury, 6 cases of injury by falling heavy object, 2 cases of saw injury. The area of wound defect ranged from 2 cm × 6 cm to 7 cm × 25 cm, and the length of tendon defect ranged from 1.0 cm to 10.0 cm. All cases were complicated with partial or complete defect of extensor tendon. There were 19 cases with fracture and nerve injury. All the injuries were successfully repaired. All the flaps survived well. The rande of flap harvest was 3 cm × 5 cm to 9 cm × 23 cm, and the fascia lata was 1.0 cm × 1. 5 cm to 4.5 cm × 11. 0 cm. There were no complications such as arteriovenous crisis, infection, fat liquefaction, etc. Andall the wounds were closed primarily. Follow-up period ranged from 3 to 36 months (average 14 months) showed that all flaps had aestheticappearance, good color, and texture. Sensory recovery: excellent in 19 cases and good in 4 cases. TAM system evaluation method and ankle-hind foot scoring system were used to evaluate the function of hand and foot: 21 cases were excellent and 2 cases were good.Conclusions:The application of anterolateral thigh perforator flap with fascia lata to repair the hand and foot wound with extensor tendon defect can restore the motor and sensory function of the injured limb while covering the wound surface.This method has less damage to the donor site and less postoperative complications, and can significantly improve the quality of life of patients. It is an effective method to repair the wounds of hand and footcombined with extensor tendon defect.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of anterolateral thigh perforator flap with fascia lata in repairing hand and foot wounds complicated with extensor tendon defect.Methods:The clinical data of patients with hand and foot wounds complicated with extensor tendon defect who were repaired with anterolateral thigh perforator flap with fascia lata in Long Gang District Orthopedic Hospital of Shenzhen from May 2014 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. During the operation, fascia lata was used to repair the defect of extensor tendon.The proximal and distal endof fascia lata were anastomosis with defect extensor tendon by figure 8 sutures.The soft tissue defects of hand and foot were repaired with anterolateral thigh (ALT)perforator flap. The donor site was closed primarily or covered by free skin graft. After operation, the sensory recovery of the flap was evaluated according to the evaluation standard of sensory function after peripheral nerve injury formulated by British Medical Research Association. According to the total active range of movement (TAM) of fingers recommended by the evaluation standard of hand tendon repair of Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, the hand motor function was evaluated systematically. Foot motor function was evaluated according to the ankle-hind foot scoring system developed and recommended by the American Association of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.Results:A total of 23 patients were enrolled, including 19 males and 4 females, aged from 9 to 61 years old, with an average age of 26 years old. Causes of injury: there were 11 cases of crushinjury associated with machine, 4 cases of road traffic injury, 6 cases of injury by falling heavy object, 2 cases of saw injury. The area of wound defect ranged from 2 cm × 6 cm to 7 cm × 25 cm, and the length of tendon defect ranged from 1.0 cm to 10.0 cm. All cases were complicated with partial or complete defect of extensor tendon. There were 19 cases with fracture and nerve injury. All the injuries were successfully repaired. All the flaps survived well. The rande of flap harvest was 3 cm × 5 cm to 9 cm × 23 cm, and the fascia lata was 1.0 cm × 1. 5 cm to 4.5 cm × 11. 0 cm. There were no complications such as arteriovenous crisis, infection, fat liquefaction, etc. Andall the wounds were closed primarily. Follow-up period ranged from 3 to 36 months (average 14 months) showed that all flaps had aestheticappearance, good color, and texture. Sensory recovery: excellent in 19 cases and good in 4 cases. TAM system evaluation method and ankle-hind foot scoring system were used to evaluate the function of hand and foot: 21 cases were excellent and 2 cases were good.Conclusions:The application of anterolateral thigh perforator flap with fascia lata to repair the hand and foot wound with extensor tendon defect can restore the motor and sensory function of the injured limb while covering the wound surface.This method has less damage to the donor site and less postoperative complications, and can significantly improve the quality of life of patients. It is an effective method to repair the wounds of hand and footcombined with extensor tendon defect.