Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a kind of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL),which arise from heterogeneous mature T-lymphocyte and include a variety of different subtypes.Compared with B-cell lymphoma,PTCLs are characterized by a lower incidence,resistance to conventional chemotherapy,widespread dissemination,a higher recurrence rate and unfavorable prognosis.At present,the standard first-line treatment regimens have not yet been developed for PTCLs.Though,there are many studies and trials about new drugs and novel intensive regimens,which improve the clinical curative effects and prognosis of PTCL patients significantly.In this paper,the progress of first-line treatment regimens of patients with different PTCL subtypes was reviewed.

Purpose:To compare the therapeutic effect and significance of different drugs poured in intravesical instillation for superficial biadder tumor after transurethral resection of bladder tumor.Methods:117 patients of superficial bladder cancer after transurethral vesection were divided into four groups. Ballistocardiogram group(n=26);Mitomycin C group (n=27);adriamycin group (n=27);hydroxycamptothecin group(n=37).Results:The tumor recurrent rate in Ballistocardiogram group, mitomycin groups, adriamycin group, hydroxycamptothecin group were 30.77%,40.74% 33.33%,24.32% respectively. The tumor recurrent rate differed significantly between the hydroxycamptothecin group and the mitomycin and Adriamycin groups.Conclusions:Intravesical instillation of hydroxycamptothecin for patients with superficial bladder tumor after transurethral resection of bladder tumour could decrease tumor recurrent rate, prolong the tumor-free survival period.

Objective To study the trends over time in meningococcal meningitis with Neisseria meningitidis .Methods Routine reported data on Meningococcal meningitis with Neisseria meningitidis in Shijiazhuang from 1949 to 2014 were used to study the trends of disease severity,disease distribution and serogroup switching of Neisseria meningitidis strains over time.The qualitative description and the quantitative evaluation was performed by the annual percent change (APC)in incidence to demonstrate the secular trends.The t test and χ2 test were performed when appropriate.Results From 1949 to 2014, 53 779 meningococcal meningitis cases were reported in Shijiazhuang.Of the 53 779 cases,36 170 were male and 17 609 were female,which was significantly different (χ2 =581 .04,P =0.000).It occurred all the year round,with an increased incidence between February and April,accounting for 81 .44%.The epidemic peak occurred about every 10 years.The range of annual incidence rate was from 0.01/lakh to 387.21/lakh.APC was -4.65 (t=-11 .72,P =0.000).The significant decline of APC were found in the age group of 0—1 year (t=-10.56,P =0.000),1 —5 year (t =-14.32,P =0.000),5 —10 year (t=-11 .01 ,P =0.003 ),10—15 year (t = -8.34,P =0.033 )and 40—50 year (t = -7.42,P =0.045).The risk population was those under 5 years old during 1949 to 2002 period and the serogroup was dominated by A strains.Whereas during 2003 to 2014,that was those of 5 —15 years old,and the dominant serogroup was C strains. Conclusions There is a remarkable decline in incidence of meningococcal meningitis in Shijiazhuang.The serogroup changes from A strains to C strains and the risk population of cases shifts to older children.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of paclitaxel combined with epirubicin neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer and the effect on the Ki-67,p53,P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and glutathione transferase (GST-π).Methods:84 patients with triple-negative breast cancer admitted in our hospital from June 2010 to June 2012 were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the order of admission.The control group was treated with epirubicin,and cyclophosphamide.The observation group was given paclitaxel neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with epirubicin.The clinical efficacy,expressions of Ki-67,p53,P-gp and GST-π were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment,the total remission rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group [76.19％(32/42) vs 45.24％(19/42)] (P ＜0.05).Before chemotherapy,the positive expression rates of Ki-67,p53,P-gp and GST-π in the two groups showed no statistical difference(P＞0.05).After chemotherapy,the positive expression rates of Ki-67,p53,P-gp and GST-π in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05),but the positive expression rates of Ki-67,p53,P-gp and GST-π in the control group had no significant difference compared with those before chemotherapy (P＞0.05).The positive expression rates of Ki-67,p53,P-gp and GST-π in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reaction rate between the observation group and the control group (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion:Paclitaxel combined with Epirubicin neoadjuvant chemotherapy could effectively reduce the expression of Ki-67,p53,P-gp and GST-π in triple-negative breast cancer with exact clinical efficacy.

Objective To assess the value of combined detection of enterovirus nucleic acid and antibody in early etiological diagnosis for hand-foot-and-mouth disease ( HFMD).Methods A case-control study was conducted.A total of 1 066 cases of children clinically diagnosed with HFMD from Hangzhou Children′s Hospital were involved into the research group from January to June 2014, consisting of 401 common cases and 665 severe cases; Throat swabs and serum samples from these children underwent combined detection for EV71/CA16/EV of enterovirus nucleic acid by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and for EV71/CA16-IgM by ELISA.All data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0.Results The total positive rate of enterovirus nucleic acid EV71/CA16/EV by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR in the 1 066 cases of children clinically diagnosed with HFMD was 75.52%( 805/1 066 ) ( 95%CI: 72.80%-78.05%).But the total positive rate of combined detection was 91.46%( 975/1 066 ) ( 95%CI:89%.58-93.04%).The total positive rate of combined detection is higher than that of RT-PCR test(χ2 =98.338,P=0.000).The positive rate of EV71 type of combined detection was 64.63%(689/1 066)(95%CI:61.67%-67.49%),which is 15.38%higher than that of RT-PCR test 49.25%(525/1 066)(95%CI:46.21%-52.29%)(χ2 =51.453, P=0.000).In 665 severe cases of HFMD, the total positive rate of combined detection was 96.69%(643/665)(95%CI:94.95%-97.87%), which is higher than that of RT-PCR test 79.25%(527/665)(95%CI:75.92%-82.22%)(χ2 =95.607, P =0.000).In the severe cases, the positive rate of EV71 type of combined detection was 87.52%( 582/665 ) ( 95%CI:84.71%-89.89%) , which is 18.95% higher than that of RT-PCR test 68.57%(456/665) (95%CI:64.87%-72.06%) (χ2 =69.665, P=0.000).In the fatal cases, the positive rate of EV71 type of combined detection was 95.92%(94/98) (95%CI:89.28%-98.68%).Conclusions The combined detection of enterovirus nucleic acid and specific IgM antibody can significantly increase the positive rate of HFMD, especially for severe cases.The combine detection increases both the total positive rate and EV71 positive rate.Thus it has a high potential for becoming a new guidelines for laboratory diagnosis of HFMD.

Objective To study the pathologic changes of hippocampus during the model development and explore the mechanism of epileptogenesis by observing the morphologic changes of hippocampal formation in rat of kainate-induced chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods Thirty Wistar rats were injected of Kainic acid at dose of 2 ?g/20 ?l into the lateral cerebral ventricle under the guidence of stereotactic technique to make a epileptic focus, and subgrouped under acute phase, silent period and chronic phase. Another 10 rats received normal saline as controls. The rats were killed at 1 day, 15 day and 6 months after epileptic model establishment, and the hippocampus was taken out for HE staining, TUNEL staining, Timm’s staining, NSE staining. Results By cell counting, the neuron loss mainly occurred in acute phase, worst in CA3 and CA4, moderate in CA1 and CA2, and no loss in the dentate gyrus. The cell apoptosis in hippocampal structure was detected by TUNEL staining. Timm’s staining showed that mossy fiber began sprouting in silent period and increased continuously. Conclusion The morphologic changes of hippocampal formation in rat of kainate-induced TLE is mainly the neuron loss and the glia hyperplasy.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL) alone or the combined treat-ment of ZOL and paclitaxel (PTX) on the cell growth of lung cancer cell line in vitro. Methods:The effects of different concentrations of ZOL alone, 2 nM PTX, and combined treatment of ZOL and PTX on the growth of A-549 cell line were determined using methyl thi-azolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. The mechanism of the curative effect was analyzed by flow cytometry on the basis of apoptotic rate. AKT, phospho-AKT, ERK, phospho-ERK, and Bcl-2 expressions were determined by western blot analysis. AKT and ERK gene ex-pressions were determined by RT-PCR. Results:MTT results showed that ZOL alone could inhibit the growth of lung cancer cell line A-549 in a dose-dependent manner. The combined therapy of ZOL and PTX could inhibit cell growth. This combined treatment is more effective than the single treatment with either ZOL or PTX alone. The synergistic inhibition rate is dependent on drug sequencing. Fur-thermore, maximum inhibition was induced by sequence order, i.e., initial treatment with PTX and then with ZOL. RT-PCR results dem-onstrated that the mRNA of ERK and AKT of the group treated with PTX and then ZOL were lower than that in other treatment groups. Western blot analysis results demonstrated that the ERK and AKT levels of the treated groups were parallel in the cell line. However, the lowest phospho-ERK, phospho-AKT, and Bcl-2 levels were observed in the PTX then ZOL group. The cell lines treated with PTX alone and ZOL alone ranked second and third among the lowest results, respectively. The highest level was observed in the control group. Conclusion: The combined ZOL and PTX treatment induced the downregulation of phospho-ERK, phospho-AKT, and Bcl-2 protein expressions in RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This pathway could be one of the synergistic antitumor mechanisms of the two drugs.

Objective To investigate cerebrospinal fluid characteristics and clinical features in children with severe hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) induced by enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection.Methods A total of 114 children with severe HFMD,in whom EV71 was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),were admitted in Hangzhou Children's Hospital during May and August 2013.Seventy-eight children with severe HFMD induced by other enteroviruses admitted at the same period served as controls.The results of cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) routine examination and biochemical tests,and the clinical symptoms were compared between two groups.Differences in enumeration data were compared with x2 test,and measurement data were compared with Mann-Whitney U test.Results The incidences of vomiting and limb shaking in EV71 infection group were 35.1％ and 50.9％,which were higher than those in control group (x2 =7.864 and 19.682,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of limb shaking in children with nucleated cells count ≥ 100 × 106/L in EV71 group was higher than that with nucleated cells count ＜ 100 × 106/L (72.3％ vs.35.8％,x2 =14.740,P =0.000).The nucleated cells count,protein quantity and their positive rates in EVT1 infected group were higher than those in control group (Z =-9.458 and-6.591,P=0.000; x2=105.421 and 10.932,P =0.000 and 0.001).Conclusion The symptoms of nervous system damage and abnormal CSF examination were more serious in HFMD induced by EV71 infection,and in EV71 infected patients the incidence of limb shaking is correlated with nucleated cell count in CSF.

Objective:This study was conducted to evaluate and discuss the curative effect and toxicity of gemcitabine, navel-bine, and therarubicin (GNT) regimen for patients with refractory or relapsed T-cell lymphoma (TCL). Methods:A total of 69 patients with refractory or relapsed TCL treated with GNT were enrolled. The treatment protocol was set as follows:800 mg/m2 gemcitabine ad-ministered at 1 and 8 d;25 mg/m2 navelbine administered at 1 d;and 20 mg/m2 therarubicin administered at 1 d. This protocol was re-peated every three weeks. The median cycle was 4 (range:2 to 6). Results:The overall response rate was 65.2%and the achieved com-plete remission was 29.0%. Hematology toxicities were the main adverse reactions observed in all of the patients. The incidence rates of grades 1 and 2 toxicity in leukopenia or neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were 50.7%, 33.3%, and 26.1%, respectively. Grades 3 and 4 treatment-associated toxicities were detected in 23.1%of the responding patients. One-, three-, and five-year estimated overall survival (OS) of the whole cohort were 71.7%, 47.3%, and 32.4%, respectively. The median OS was 36 months. Conclusion:GNT was effective and suitable for patients with refractory or relapsed TCL.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegaspargase plus GEMOX (pegaspargase, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin) regimen in the initial treatment of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Methods: Twelve preliminarily diagnosed nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma patients in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from June 2011 to March 2012 were analyzed. All patients took the pegaspargase plus GEMOX regimen (gemcitabine 800-1 000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1, and pegaspargase 2 500 IU/m2 on day 2), every three weeks for one cycle. The efficacy and toxicity of the regimen were evaluated in the follow-up treat-ment. Results:After two cycle treatments, 1 patient dropped out of treatment because of acute pancreatitis;the remaining 11 patients had response, in which 1 achieved complete response , 7 had partial response, 2 had stable disease, and 1 had progressive disease. The objective response rate was 72.7%, and the disease control rate was 90.9%. The 2-year overall survival rate was 90.9%. With median 6-cycle P-GEMOX regimen treatment, 81.8% of 11 patients presented side effects, primarily myelosuppression and hepatic dysfunc-tion. Conclusion:Pegaspargase plus GEMOX regimen showed high efficacy on the initial treatment of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma pa-tients, but the incidence of adverse effect was still high.