0.05)in cell volume between the experimental group and control group after exposured in hypertonic NaCl saline for 15 minutes. Compared with the control level,after 60 minutes and 1 day all astrocytes shrunk significantly, (P0.05). Conclusion:Astrocytes can restore their cell volume following exposition in hypertonic saline.

0.05). The cell volume of astrocytes was not significantly changed after exposition to hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution for 15 minutes. After 60 minutes all astrocytes shrunk significantly until 1 day later. 7 days later,their volumes restored to the value in control group. Conclusion: The hippocampal neuroncs have not the autoregulative ability of the cellular volume. but astrocytes have after exposition to hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution for 15 min: the volume of both cells 7 days later can restore to the previous value.

Objective To investigate the alteration in intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-l mRNA expression on the surface of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by LPS stimulation and the effects of hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution (HHS) . Methods HUVECs were enzymatically isolated and cultured in RPMI 1640 culture medium at 37℃ for about 7 days when a monolayer of endothelial cells has grown. The primarily cultured HUVECs were mixed with LPS 100ng/ml and incubated at 37℃ for 30min, 1,4,8, 12and 24 h. 10%NaCl and 10% hydroxyethyl starch (Fresenius) were added to RPMI 1640culture medium. The HHS concentrations were 0.25% and 0.5% respectively. HUVECs were first incubated with either HHS (0.25% , 0.5% ) or isotonic solution for 10 min, 1h and 4h and then stimulated by LPS for 4h. The ICAM-1 mRNA was measured by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Results There was slight expression of ICAM-1 mRNA on the surface of HUVECs in normal condition. ICAM-1 mRNA expression began to increase at 1h exposure to LPS and reached peak value at 4h. Both 0.25% and 0.5% HHS could prevent the LPS-induced ICAM-1 mRNA up-regulation (P

Objective To investigate the influences of blast wave overpressure created by explosion on rat's blood-brain barrier (BBB),and to provide an experimental evidence for further elucidating the mechanism of craniocerebral blast injury,to help direct the clini- cal therapeutic strategy.Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:15min,12h and 24h post- explosion groups and normal control group with five rats for each group.Rats were injured with blast wave produced by explosion.Evan 's blue(EB)was intravenously injected into the injured rats,and the overpressure-induced leakage of BBB was examined under the fluores- cence microscope and by quantitative observation with opacimeter.Results Extensive impairment of BBB could be seen all over the brain 15 min after the overpressure explosion,and bright red EB fluorescent patches appeared as a method distributing along the capillary vessels. These patches were more distinct near the cerebral cortex,and with the lapse of time,their number decreased gradually from the inner to the outer areas.The changes in EB contents in brain tissue matched with that of the BBB.The EB contents in brain tissues in 15min group were(330.4?53.6)?g/g,and it was much higher compared with that of other groups(P

Objective To compare the hypnotic effect of propofol administered by target-controlled infusion (TCI) during day-time and night-time,in order to explore the effect of circadian rhythms on the sedative effect of propofol.Methods Sixty-five male ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-55 yr undergoing emergency minor hand surgery were divided into 2 gorups according to the time of the day when they received propofol TCI:day-time group (from 7:01 to 19:00) and night-time group (from 19:01 to 7:00).The pharmacokinetic parameters proposed by Schnider which predict effect-site concentration (Ce) were used.Four effect-site concentrations of propofol were set:0.8,1.2,2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml.Ce was increased step by step and each Ce was maintained for 5 min.The level of sedation at each Ce was assessed by BIS and OAA/S scores.BIS value and Ce of propofol were recorded and compared between the 2 groups when the patients lost consciousness (OAA/S score =2).Results There was 28 and 30 patients in day-time and nighet-time groups respectively.When Ce =1.2 and 2.0 μg/ml,the BIS values were significantly lower in night-time group than in day-time group.There was no significant difference in BIS value between the 2 groups when Ce =0.8 and 4.0 μg/ml.When the patients lost consciousness (OAA/S =2),the BIS value was comparable between the 2 groups,but Ce was significantly lower in night-time group than that in daytime group.Conclusion The hypnotic effect of propofol is greater during night-time than during day-time.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of ketamine on nicotine-induced current in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons.MethodsNewborn Wistar rats were used in this study.Neurons were isolated enzymatically from superior cervical ganglia of newborn rats in an aseptic condition and cultured in 90％ DMEM/F12,10％ horse serum containing penicillin 100 μg/ml for 5-7 d.Nicotine-induced current was measured and recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique.A mixture of nicotine 50 μmol/L and different concentrations of ketamine ( 10,25,50,100 μmol/L) was added to the isolated neurons.The effect of ketamine on nicotine-induced current was evaluated.ResultsNicotine-induced peak current was inhibited by ketamine in a concentration-dependent manner.The time constant of fast and slow desensitizing phase of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor was shortened after being exposed to the mixture of nicotine 50 μmol/L + 50 or 100 μmol/L ketamine as compared to nicotine 50 μmol/L-induced current.The median effective concentration of ketamine inhibiting nicotine-induced current was less than 20 μmol/L.ConclusionKetamine can decrease nicotine-induced current in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons in a concentration-dependent manner indicating that inhibition of sympathetic activity is involved in the mechanism of decrease in BP by ketamine in specific condition.

Objective To investigate the pathogens inducing a posto perative nosocomial infection. Methods Specimens was collected fro m exudates or air for bacteria culture and identification. Re sults The postoperative infection was induced by staphylococcus x ylosus. Conclusions The relevant factors affecting the po stoperative nosocomial infection include incomplete sterilization of operative r oom and operative tools. Thus strict control measures must be put into effect.

Objective To investigate curative efficacy of tetramethylpyrazine in combination with chemotherapy in treatment of medium and advanced liver cancer and its effects on level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF).Methods 90 patients of medium and advanced liver cancer who received therapy from January 2011 to June 2012 were selected as research objects.According to therapeutic schemes, those patients were divided into the control group (n=42) and the observation group (n=48).The control group was treated with transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization ( TACE) , while the observation group was treated with tetramethylpyrazine in combination with TACE.Then, the short-term curative efficacy, long-term curative efficacy, level of BDNF and adverse reactions were compared.Results The total short-term therapeutic efficacy ratio in the observation group was statistically higher than that in the control group ( 83.3% vs 64.3%, P <0.05 ).During the three-year follow-up, the one-year and two-year survival rate in the observation group was statistically same with that in the control group respectively (75.0% vs 66.7%, 66.7% vs 59.5%), while the three-year survival rate was statistically higher than that in the control group (52.1%vs 30.9%, P<0.05).After treatment, in comparison with the control group, level of BDNF in the observation group was statistically lower(P<0.05).During treatment, incidences of liver function deterioration, abdo minal pain and diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, fever and headache in two groups were statistically same.Conclusion Tetramethylpyrazine in combination with TACE is effective for medium and advanced liver cancer, which can increase short-term and survival rate to some extent, significantly reduce level of BDNF with not increasing incidence of adverse reactions.

Objective To compare the hypnotic effects of propofol administered by target-controlled infusion (TCI in daytime and nighttime,in order to explore the effect of circadian rhythm on the sedative effect of propofol.Methods Sixty-five male ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 18-55 years,with the body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2,undergoing emergency minor hand surgery were divided into two groups according to the time of the day when they received TCI of propofol:daytime group (from 07:01 to 19:00) and nighttime group (from 19:01 to 07:00).The pharmacokinetic parameters proposed by Schnider et al.which suggested the effect-site concentration (Ce) was used.Four Ces of propofol were set at 0.8,1.2,2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml,respectively.Ce was increased step by step and each Ce was maintained for 5 minutes.The level of sedation at each Ce was assessed by bispectral index (BIS) and observer's assessment of alertness/sedation (OAA/S) scores.BIS values and Ces of propofol were recorded and compared between the two groups when the patients lost consciousness (OAA/S score =2).Results There were 28 and 30 patients in daytime and nighttime groups,respectively.When Ces were 1.2 and 2.0 μg/ml,the BIS values were significantly lower in the nighttime group than in the daytime group.There was no significant difference in BIS values between the two groups when Ces were 0.8 and 4.0 μg/ml.When the patients lost consciousness (OAA/S =2),the BIS value was comparable between the two groups,but Ce was significantly lower in the nighttime group than in the daytime group.Conclusion The hypnotic effect of propofol is greater during night time than during day time.