OBJECTIVE To understand the awareness circumstances of hospital infection knowledge in new medical staffs,in order to take appropriately pre-job training.METHODS Self-designed questionnaires dopted 58 new medical staffs in our hospital were surveyed about hospital infection knowledge.RESULTS The awareness rate of hospital infection knowledge was 52.46%.Among them,the highest awareness rate was about six-step washing-hand method and washing-hand indications(82.76%);the lowest rate was about standard protective concept(24.14%).CONCLUSIONS The new medical staffs grossly lack of hospital infection knowledge.It is necessary for the new medical staffs to accept training on hospital infection knowledge,to improve awareness level of hospital infection,and to enhance self-protecting consciousness.

Objective To explore disinfection efficacy of anerdian using swab and spray disinfection methods.Methods Hands of 30 subjects were randomly divided into the swab group and the spray group.The samples of before and after disinfection in each group were collected separately and observed their disinfection effect.Results The number of bacteria showed no significant difference between the two groups.The passing rate of disinfection reached 100％.The time of disinfection in the spray group was (2.58±0.32)s,significantly less than that in the swab group,(12.26±1.48)s,however,the drying time in the spray group was (42.37±1.79)s,significant longer than that in the swab group,(26.24±1.46)s.A subject hand disinfection used 0.5ml 0.2％ anerdian in the spray group,and 0.75ml 0.2％ anerdian and two cotton buds was used in the swab group.Conclusions There is identical disinfection efficacy between spray and swab methods.Spray disinfection method has short operating time,less use of disinfectant without using cotton buds,it is able to replace swab disinfection and will play an important role to reduce medical waste and health care costs.

Objective To investigate the effect of lipoxin A4 ( LXA4 ) on the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) after focal cerebral ischemia-repeffnsion (I/R) in rats. Methods Fifty-four adult male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 18 each): group Ⅰ sham operation (group S); group Ⅱ focal cerebral I/R ( group I/R) and group Ⅲ LXA4 ( group L). Focal cerebral I/R was produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with a 4-0 nylon thread with rounded tip inserted into right internal jugular vein and threaded cranially in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . In group Ⅲ LXA4 100 ng was injected into right lateral ventricle of the brain after MCA was successfully occluded. MCAO was maintained for 2 h. The neurological deficit was evaluated and scored (0 = no deficit, 5 = death) at 24 h of reperfusion. 2% Evans blue 4 ml/kg was injected via femoral vein at 1 h before the animals were sacrificed. The animals were killed and their brains were immediately removed for determination of brain water content, Evans blue content and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)in the ischemic cortex. Results The neurologic deficit scores, the brain water and Evans blue content and MMP-9 protein expression in the cortex were significantly higher in I/R group than in S group. The cerebral I/R-induced changes were significantly attenuated in LXA4 group. Conclusion LXA4 can protect blood-brain barrier against cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting MMP-9 protein expression in the brain tissue.

Objective To investigate the effect of lipoxin A4(LXA4) on inflammatory response in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia (PFCI). Methods Seventy-two adult male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 24 each):group Ⅰ sham operation (group S); group Ⅱ PFCI and group Ⅲ LXA4. PFCI was induced by thread occlusion of right middle cerebral artery according to the method described by Longa in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. In group Ⅲ LXA4 100 ng/5 μl was injected into right ventricle of the brain after PFCI was successfully induced, while in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ equal volume of normal saline was injected instead of LXA4. Six animals were killed at 6, 12 and 24 h of ischemia. Their brains were immediately removed for microscopic examination and determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, TNF-α, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) contents in the ischemic cortex. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)was measured by immuno-histochemistry. Apoptosis in neurons was assessed using TUNEL. Results PFCI significantly increased MPO activity, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 contents and GFAP expression in the ischemic cortex and neuronal apoptosis in group Ⅱ as compared with group S. LXA4 significanfly decreased MPO activity,TNF-α content, GFAP expression and neuronal apoptosis and increased IL-10, TGF-β1 contents at 12,24 h of ischemia. LXA4 significantly ameliorated PFCI-induced cerebral histopathologic damage. Conclusion LXA4 can protect the brain against PFCI injury by inhibiting inflammatory response.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of lipoxin A4(LXA4)on ischemic brain injury in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia.Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200～250 g were used and rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham group,ischemia alone group,LXA4 10 ng group and LXA4 100 ng group.Permanent focal cerebral ischemia was induced by improved thread occlusion of right middle cerebral artery.Approximately 10 mm of nylon surgical thread was inserted into the right internal carotid artery in the rats of sham group.After the middle cerebral artery occlusion,the same volume of LXA4(5 ?l)or isotonic Na chloride(5 ?l)was injected respectively into the right lateral ventricle of the rat in 10 minutes.After 24 h of ischemia,the neurological deficit and the infarct volume were assessed by the method of Longa's score and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining;the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)and actvities of myeloperoxidase(MPO)in the ischemia cortex were measured by spectrophotometer;the contents of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?)and interleukin-1?(IL-1?)were assayed by ELISA method.The histopathological change was observed after HE staining.Results Treatment with LXA4 10 ng or 100 ng significantly improved functional recovery,reduced relative infarction volume,inhibited MPO activity,decreased MDA,TNF-? and IL-1? levels,and improved histopathological injury.Moreover,the effects of neurological recovery and decreasing TNF-? level in LXA4 100 ng group were better than those in 10 ng group.Conclusion Treatment with LXA4 protects against permanent focal cerebral ischemia injury in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of different concentration of povidone-iodine solution on preoperative irrigation of the conjunctival sac .Methods A total of 150 patients were randomly divided into Group A, B and C, each group had 50 cases.All patients were performed with conventional intraocular surgery's preparation.First, 0.5%iodine solution was used to disinfect all patients'eyelid, surrounding skin and limbi palpebralis after entering operation room .Second, irrigation of the conjunctival sac was performed ( three different concentration separately ) before operation.1 minute later, bacterial culture of conjunctiva sac and immediately corneal fluorescein staining was done .The degree of conjunctival hyperemia and corneal epithelial damage under slit lamp were compared among groups .Results The negative rate of bacterial culture of conjunctiva sac of the groups using 0.025% iodine solution and 0.05% iodine solution were 92.0% and 94.0%.The effects were better than 78.0%of 0.01%iodine solution group.There were significant differences between groups (χ2 =7.197,P<0.05).0.05% iodine solution had a more serious effects and worse corneal epithelial damage compared with the other groups .There were significant differences between groups (χ2 =20.257,18.656, respectively;P<0.05).Conclusions 0.025% iodine solution has better bactericidal effect and higher efficiency , and has little damage to the cornea and conjunctiva , so it is more suitable to preoperative disinfection of conjunctival sac in operation in ophthalmology .

Objective:To discuss the effect of azathioprine(AZA)on ferroptosis in spermatocytes of the mice induced by reduced glutathione(GSH)peroxidase 4 inhibitor RSL3,and to clarify the potential mechanism.Methods:The spermatogonia GC-2 cells of the mice were randomly divided into control group(no treatment),RSL3 group(treated with 10 nmol·L-1 RSL3 for 24 h),RSL3+ferroptosis inhibitor(Ferrostatin-1,Fer-1)group(treated with 10 nmol·L-1 RSL3 for 24 h+2 μmol·L-1 Fer-1 for 12 h),RSL3+low dose of AZA group(treated with 10 nmol·L-1 RSL3 for 24 h+5 μmol·L-1 AZA for 12 h),RSL3+medium dose of AZA group(treated with 10 nmol·L-1 RSL3 for 24 h+10 μmol·L-1 AZA for 12 h),and RSL3+high dose of AZA group(treated with 10 nmol L-1 RSL3 for 24 h+20 μmol·L-1 AZA for 12 h).The MTT method was used to detect the activities of the GC-2 cells in various groups after treated with different concentrations of AZA and RSL3;the GSH and GSSG levels in the GC-2 cells were detected by GSH and oxidized glutathione(GSSG)detection kits;the malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the GC-2 cells in various groups were detected by MDA detection kit;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4(ACSL4),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)proteins in the cells in various groups;immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expressions of ACSL4 protein in the cells in various groups.Results:Compared with control group,the differences in activities of the GC-2 cells in 5,10,and 20 μmol·L-1 AZA groups had no significant differences(P＞0.05),while the activities of the GC-2 cells in 30 and 40 μmol·L-1 AZA groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.01);therefore,the AZA concentration was selected to be within 20 μmol·L-1.Compared with control group,the differences of the activities of the GC-2 cells in 1,5,and 10 nmol·L-1 RSL3 groups had no significant differences(P＞0.05),while the activities of the GC-2 cells in 50,100,500,and 1 000 nmol·L-1 RSL3 groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);therefore,the RSL3 concentration was set to be within 10 nmol·L-1.The GSH and MDA detection kits results showed that compared with control group,the levels of GSSG and MDA in the GC-2 cells in RSL3 group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the GSH levels were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);compared with RSL3 group,the levels of GSSG and MDA in the GC-2 cells in RSL3+Fer-1 group and RSL3+AZA group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),while the GSH levels were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of ACSL4 and HO-1 proteins in the GC-2 cells in RSL3 group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the expression level of GPX4 protein was significantly decreased(P＜0.01);compared with RSL3 group,the expression levels of GPX4 protein in the GC-2 cells in RSL3+Fer-1 group and RSL3+AZA group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the expression levels of ACSL4 and HO-1 proteins were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The immunofluorescence staining results showed that compared with control group,the expression amount of ACSL4 protein in the GC-2 cells in RSL3 group was significantly increased,and compared with RSL3 group,the expression amounts of ACSL4 protein in the cells in RSL3+Fer-1 group and RSL3+AZA group were significantly decreased.Conclusion:AZA can alleviate the ferroptosis-induced by RSL3 in spermatocytes of the mice.

Objective To study the value of expanded-National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (e-NIHSS) in evaluating the neurological signs of medullary infarction.Methods One hundred and thirteen patients with primary medullary infarction proved by magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled and divided into medial medullary infarction (MMI) group (n=41) and lateral medullary infarction (LMI) group (n=72).Risk factors of stroke and neurological signs evaluated by NIHSS and e-NIHSS were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results The age and prevalence of diabetes in MMI group were significantly older/higher than those in LMI group (P＜0.05).The major neurological signs of MMI were limb weakness (95.12％),dysphagia (36.59％),facial plasy (34.15％) and dysarthria (31.71％).And the major neurological signs of LMI were dysphagia (63.89％),truncal ataxia (54.17％),sensory dysfunction (50.00％) and dysarthia (48.61％).All the patients had significantly higher e-NIHSS scores than NIHSS scores (5.40±2.74 vs.2.96±2.22,P=0.000),which was similar in MMI group (e-NIHSS:5.34±3.20 vs.NIHSS:4.07±2.55,P=0.000) and in LMI group (e-NIHSS:5.43±2.47 vs.NIHSS:2.33±1.74,P=0.000).The e-NIHSS scores increased 2.57±1.99 than NIHSS scores in all the patients,which were 1.63±2.25 in MMI group and 3.10±1.62 in LMI higher than NIHSS scores;the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The e-NIHSS could improve the sensitivity of NIHSS in evaluating the neurological signs of medullary infarction,which is better in evaluating LMI than in evaluating MMI.

Objective To prepare human adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) vector expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP). Methods This study used a previously prepared plasmid pBRAd4 containing the whole genome DNA of Ad4-GZ01 strain. The Ad4 genome E3 region of pBRAd4 was deleted and replaced with the EGFP expression frame by conventional molecular cloning method. Then the recombi-nant plasmid was transfected into AD293 cells to rescue recombinant virus which was identified by sequen-cing,SDS-PAGE and ELISA. The purified virions were injected to mice and the induced immune responses were detected by ELISA and microneutralization test. Results The recombinant Ad4 vector rAd4EGFP ex-pressing EGFP was obtained and could be recognized and neutralized by monoclonal antibody MN4b and an-tisera against Ad4. The Ad4-specific and EGFP-specific antibodies with high titers could be detected in mice immunized with rAd4EGFP. Conclusion Human Ad4 vector expressing EGFP was successfully obtained and could be used in research on vaccine development,drug evaluation and transgene vector.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, genotypes and long-term outcomes of individuals with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.Methods:The clinical features, biochemical data, genetic test results and treatment outcomes of six children with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria admitted to the Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital from February 2017 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and the Gesell developmental diagnosis schedule was performed to evaluate the development of four patients.Results:Among 6 children with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria 2 were males and 4 were females.Four cases had 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type Ⅰ and 2 cases had 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness,encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome. Five of 6 patients were detected by newborn screening among whom 4 remained asymptomatic, and only one had a postmortem diagnosis. Among them, 4 patients remained asymptomatic, while two presented with clinical symptoms such as jaundice and dyspnea and the age of disease onset was 1 and 2 days respectively. The concentration of 3-methylglutaconic acid in urine of all affected individuals was between 22.38 and 77.09 mmol/molCr, which was above the normal value. Genetic tests were performed for all patients. Eleven variants were identified in 2 genes, of which 10 variants were novel and only c.442C>T p.(R148X) has been previously reported; Seven variants (c.656-2delA, EX5-EX6 Del, c.942+3A>G, c.373C>T p.(R125W), c.895-3C>G, c.667C>T p.(R223X) and c.894+5G>A) were in AUH gene. The others (c.548G>A p.(R138Q), c.442C>T p.(R148X), c.1339C>T p.(R447X) and c.973dupA p.(M325Nfs*5) were in SERAC1 gene. After being treated with leucine diet restriction and L-carnitine, 4 patients with AUH gene variation who were from asymptomatic phase developed normally, whereas those 2 patients with SERAC1 gene variation had a poor prognosis. During the follow-up, 2 patients exhibited varying degrees of psychomotor retardation, the rest had normal course of development.Conclusions:There are significant clinical heterogeneities among individuals with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. The most common pathogenic variants are splicing variations, followed by nonsense, missense and frameshift mutations. Leucine-free diet and oral L-carnitine therapy are effective for some patients. Newborn screening is essential for early diagnosis and improvement of prognosis.