Objective To provide references for the education of intellectual property of TCM universities and colleges.Methods A questionnaire investigation were administered to the graduate students of traditional Chinese medicine from 5 domestic TCM universities and colleges, and data were collected and analyzed, with the addition of Internet information searching. The importance of intellectual property education for graduate students and the status in the end were analyzed.Results Some noticeable problems still exist in the graduate student education on intellectual property, like lack of curriculums, poor after-class practice, less special lectures, and so on.Conclusion In order to tackle these problems, and to make the education of graduate students of traditional Chinese medicine better, the corresponding cultivation mechanisms should be established; the main educational points should be definite; the secure system of laboratory should be improved.

OBJECTIVE:To classify the drug properties of Compositae involved in effective patent of TCM extract combina-tion. METHODS:Property,flavor and the meridian tropism of TCM were used as the parameters;by computer analysis software, fuzzy cluster analysis was conducted from Compositae mostly involved in effective patent of TCM extract combination which ap-proved before Jan. 1st in 2015 and kept till May 30th in 2015. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:27 ingredients of Compositae were involved with the functions as protecting liver almost. They were classified into 5 categories. The first category included 10 ingredi-ents as Dendranthema morifolium which were cold,bitter to taste,and in the liver and lung meridian,and all of them contained flavonoids compounds;the second category included 3 ingredients as Gnaphalium affine of which flavonoids compounds were main medicinal components;the third category included 5 ingredients as Atractylodes lancea which could protect liver and contained vola-tile oil;the forth category included 4 ingredients as Tussilago farfara which showed anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effect;the fifth category included 5 ingredients as Erigeron breviscapus which contained ingredients for cardiovascular disease. Those catego-ries were similar not only in property,flavor and the meridian tropism,but also in active ingredients and effects. The researchers should further research TCM of which pharmacologic action are not well understood,by means of make reference to known TCM in the same category,and make preparation to save time and enlarge medicinal resource.

Objective To evaluate the impact of epidural anesthesia with levobupivacaine combined with general anesthesia on colon surgery. Methods Sixty patients undergoing elective radical procedure for colon carcinoma were randomLy divided into four groups: saline group (group S), 0.125% levobupivacaine group (group L1), 0.25% levobupivacaine group (group L2), and 0.5% levobupivacaine group (group L3). Group S received normal saline of 10 mL epidurally and then infusion of 5 mL·h-1 until the procedure was finished; groups L1, L2, and L3 received levobupivacaine instead. Anesthetic induction was performed after epidural puncture. Mean blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at 8 time points including 5 min after entering into the operation room, 1 min after intubation, skin incision, abdominal exploration, 1 h after skin incision, completion of operation, extubation, and leaving PACU; meanwhile blood glucose and cortisol were detected, anesthesia time, time to PACU stay, bleeding, transfusion volume, adverse reaction, and doses of propofol, remifentanil, ephedrine, and fentanyl were noted. Results Time to PACU stay was longer in S group than in other 3 groups. Doses of remifentanil and fentanyl were larger in L1 group than in L2 group and L3 group. Ephedrine dose in L3 group was larger than in other 3 groups. Blood sugar in L1 group was higher than L2 group and L3 group. Cortisol in S group was higher than in other 3 group. Cortisol in L1 group was higher than in L3 group. The number of patients with hypotension was greater in L3 group than other 3 groups. Conclusions Continue epidural infusion of 0.25%levobupivacaine can reduce stress response and opioid uses, shorten PACU stay, whereas it does not increase use of ephedrine.

Objective To investigate the significance of Dezocine combining Fentanyl used for postoperative PCIA in breast cancer patients.Methods One hundred and twenty six patients with ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ entered the study.All patients were scheduled for breast cancer operation under intravenous analgesia with tube insertion and treated with PCIA after the operation.They were randomly divided into Fentanyl group (n =63) and Dezocine combining Fentanyl group(n =63).VAS,Ramsay,BCS in two groups were compared al 12 h,24 h,48 h after operation.Side effect was also detected.The changes of T cell subset and IL-2 were analyzed in the patients respectively at the first day before operation,at the first day after operation,at the seventh day after operation.Results At every time point,VAS in research group was significantly lower than that in control group(P ＜ 0.05).However,Ramsay in research group was obviously higher than that in control group(P ＜0,05).There were no significant differences in BCS between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).And no difference was found in the incidence of side effect between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with control group,the changes of T cell subset,IL-2 had no significant differences in research group at the first day after operation and at the first day before operation (P ＞ 0.05).At the seventh day after operation,the levels of CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 +,IL-2 in research group were obviously higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).However,the percentage of CD8 + T cells in research group was significantly lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Dezocine combining Fentanyl in PCIA can increase analgesia effect with less side effect.It is positive to improve immunologic function for breast carcinoma patients after operation.

Objective To summarise the experience of surgical treatment of invasive pulmonary fungal infection in patients with hematologic malignancies.Methods From Jan.2000 to Dec.2012,78 hematologic patients with invasive pulmonary fungal infections,including 49 males and 29 females with average age of 29.6 years,underwent surgical treatment.Preoperatively,all patients with 1 to 3 courses of chemotherapy had received average 4 weeks antifungal treatment.There were 58 cases received conventional open thoracic surgery and 20 cases received VATS including lobectomy,segmentectomy,wedgectomy.Results The procedures were successful,the average operation time w as(125.3 ± 35.7) min and intraoperative blood loss was(253.1 ± 42.8) nl.There were no severe postoperative complications.The main complications were excessive effusion (10.2％) and persistence airleak (7.7％).The hospital days was(7.8 ± 2.5) days,no reoperation and death case in 30 days after operation.The follow-up was from 6 to 24 months,38 cases(48.7％) received prophylaetic antifungal treatment,no ease with fungi spread and recurrence.Conclusion The surgical treatment is safe and useful for the hematologic patients with invasive pulmonary fungal infections,when internal medicine conservative treatment is invalid.

Background and purpose:Hypoxia induced the decreased radiosensitivity of tumor cells, which was the cause of tumor radioresistance and relapse and metastasis. During the course, HIF-1a played the most important role in the regulation of hypoxia. However, it’s still unknown about the effect of HIF-1a on the radiosensitivity of hypoxia tumor cells and the relationship with autophagy. This study was to inhibit HIF-1αexpression in hypoxic lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 with RNA interference (RNAi), and explore its effect on hypoxic cell radiosensitivity and autophagy. Methods: Plasmids pHIF-1α-shRNA and Neg-shRNA (negative control) were constructed and transfected into hypoxic A549 cells, this positive clone was named A549/HIF-1α-shRNA. Clone formation array was applied to calculate the value of D0, SF2, SER. The expression of HIF-1α, LC3, c-parp was detected by Western blot. Results:The SF2 of hypoxic A549 cell was 0.62, which was higher than that of normoxic A549 cell, SER was 1.45. The level of LC3Ⅱincreased significantly and the level of c-parp decreased after the radiation of hypoxic A549 cell. The level of HIF-1a increased in hypoxic A549 cells. The expression of HIF-1αin hypoxic A549 cells was suppressed markedly after transfection of HIF-1α-shRNA;this clone was named A549/HIF-1α-shRNA. The SF2 and SER were significantly lower in A549/HIF-1α-shRNA cells, 0.45 and 0.72 respectively. Under the hypoxic condition and after the inhibition of HIF-1α, the expression of LC3Ⅱ decreased significantly and the expression of c-parp increased. Conclusion:We successfully established a cell model that HIF-1αexpression was suppressed almost completely by RNAi. The inhibition of HIF-1αby shRNA may raise the radiosensitivity and decrease the autophagy of hypoxic A549 cells in vitro.

Current patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds is far from being satisfactory with increasing research and development achievements. As patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine compounds is closely related with many fields such as research and development of new TCM drugs, industrial development and TCM internationalization, the development of research and harmonious development of TCM compounds and their patent protection is bound to have a far-reaching influence on domestic and even international societies.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; Patents as Topic

OBJECTIVETo study current regional development and optimization schemes of patents of traditional Chinese medicine compounds.

METHODSimple statistics and cluster analysis were adopted for calculating application quantity, maintenance quantity and quantity of scientific research papers related to patents of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in different regions. On that basis, cluster analysis was used for studying current development patents of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in different regions.

RESULTThe 34 regions, including Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, were divided into four groups by cluster analysis according to the difference in quantities of patents and research papers. The first and third region are better, the second region is medium, while the forth region is not ideal.

CONCLUSIONDifferent regions shall adopt suitable development schemes for the development of traditional Chinese medicine compounds according to their actual situations. Reasonable regional alliance is helpful for inter-regional win-win and co-flourishing.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; legislation & jurisprudence ; standards ; China ; Cluster Analysis ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Patents as Topic ; legislation & jurisprudence

Objectives To study the correlations between stroke-preventive knowledge,health belief and health behaviors in community hypertensive patients.Methods The questionnaire of SPKQ,CHBMS and HPLPⅡwere used to take the investigation among 94 hypertensive patients from a community hospital in Guangzhou.Results The total score on SPKQ was 62.70±18.39 and the average scores on CHBMS and HPLPⅡwere 3.51±0.24 and 2.48±0.37,respectively.The stroke-preventive knowledge was positively correlated with health belief,health motivation and self-efficacy(r=0.289,P<0.01;r=0.246,P<0.05;r=0.350 (P<0.01,respectively).The health motivation was positively correlated with health behaviors(r=0.304,P<0.01)and the seriousness negatively correlated with health behaviors(r=-0.279,P<0.01).Conclusion Medical staff should provide much more stroke education with community hypertensive patients and promote patients’health motivation and self-efficacy of health belief in stroke prevention,help patients understand stroke seriousness,establish and sustain healthy lifestyles.

Objective To explore disinfection efficacy of anerdian using swab and spray disinfection methods.Methods Hands of 30 subjects were randomly divided into the swab group and the spray group.The samples of before and after disinfection in each group were collected separately and observed their disinfection effect.Results The number of bacteria showed no significant difference between the two groups.The passing rate of disinfection reached 100％.The time of disinfection in the spray group was (2.58±0.32)s,significantly less than that in the swab group,(12.26±1.48)s,however,the drying time in the spray group was (42.37±1.79)s,significant longer than that in the swab group,(26.24±1.46)s.A subject hand disinfection used 0.5ml 0.2％ anerdian in the spray group,and 0.75ml 0.2％ anerdian and two cotton buds was used in the swab group.Conclusions There is identical disinfection efficacy between spray and swab methods.Spray disinfection method has short operating time,less use of disinfectant without using cotton buds,it is able to replace swab disinfection and will play an important role to reduce medical waste and health care costs.