The cells sense direction is closely related with the proteins that contain PH (pleckstrin homology) domain. PH domain has been found in about 60 proteins, many of which could activate the sequent events of signal transduction via combining with the related binding sites on the surface of chematactic cel ls. The characteristics of this combining are: a.rapid and transient; b.It is only related to the concentration gradient of surroundings outside cells, whi ch is the base of spatial model; c.The distribution of the binding sites on th e cell membrane changes when the researchers altered the position of the chemoat tractant. This is the base of temporal model. To deeply investigate the effects of all kinds of proteins which contain PH domain on cells sense of direction will greatly promote the research of this field, and hence, has great theoretica l significance.

Objective To investigate the effect of histone deacetylases-1(HDAC-1)siRNA on the HDAC-1 protein expression,cell growth and apoptosis in HeLa cells.Methods The HDAC-1 protein was knocked down by HDAC-1 siRNA.HDAC-1 protein was detected by Western blot.The cell growth inhibition was assesses by MTT and clone forming assay.Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.Results Forty-eight h after transfection of HDAC-1 siRNA,HDAC-1 protein expression in HeLa cells was down-regulated obviously.The down-regulation of HDAC-1 significantly reduced the colony formation rate,inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HeLa cells.Conclusion HDAC-1 siRNA may play an anti-proliferation role in HeLa cells by inducing apoptosis.

Objective To survey and analyze the etiology of pericardial effusion in different age patients. Methods The data of 450 patients who were diagnosed as pericardial effusion were studied retrospectively. The pathogenesis of pericardial effusion were analyzed and compared among the five age groups : juvenile group (0-19 years),young group (20-39 years),middle age group (40-59 years), aged group (60-79 years) and existed advanced age group (≥80 years). Results The different pathogenesis of pericardial effusion existed in different age groups. The first three causes are tumor, tuberculous, heart failure in all patients. As a pathogeny, cardiopulmonary insufficiency induced pericardial effusions constitute the majority (about 50%) in the advanced age group. Tumor, heart failure are the main causes in aged group. In middle age group, tumor and tuberculous are the most frequent pathogenesis, while the tuberculous is the principal causes in juvenile and young groups. Conclusions The rate of tumor, heart failure, lung infection raised along with the age increasing in the patients with pericardial effusion, meanwhile the cases of tuberculoses declined. Attention should be given to this tendency on the diagnosis and treatment of the patients with pericardial effusions.

Objective To investigate the effect of interventional treatment in coronary heart disease (CHD) in elderly patients with brain natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels.Methods 130 elderly patients undergoing coronary angiography interventional treatment were selected for the observation group,30 cases with normal coronary arteries angiography were chosen as the control group.In 46 cases of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) group,34 cases of unstable angina pectoris(UAP) group and 50 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) group and 30 cases coronary angiography normal control group(NOR),the hs-CRP and plasma brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) differences were determined and compared.Results CHD (AMI group,UAP group and SAP group) in patients with BNP levels were (548.6 ± 200.4) mg/L,(521.0 ± 198.7) mg/L and (175.8 ± 119.4) mg/L,which were significantly higher (59.3 ± 45.7) mg/L in the control group,hsCRP levels only in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina was significantly increased,the difference was statistically significant (t =13.74,10.65,all P ＜ 0.05).3d after PCI and three months prior CHD hsCRP increased to (45.8 ± 15.3)ng/L,and then decreased to (8.6 ± 4.4) ng/L,significantly different (t =10.76,14.54,all P ＜ 0.05) ; while BNP levels have been falling,first down (247.4 ± 70.1)mg/L,3 months after the falls (69.8 ± 20.0)mg/L,the difference was significant(t =11.47,19.64,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The levels of brain natriuretic peptide,hsCRP are reflections of coronary stenting in patients with coronary heart disease early postoperative inflammatory reaction and evaluate a sensitive indicator of disease,which may play an role in stent restenosis occurs.

AIM To study the effect of genistein (GST), a protein tyrosine kinases inhibitor, on L-type calcium channel currents (Iba,L or Ica,L, dependent on permeating ion used) in freshly dispersed colon smooth muscle cells from guinea-pig. METHODS Single colon smooth muscle cells were enzymatically dissociated from guinea-pig. L-type calcium currents were measured by conventional whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. RESULTS The peak amplitudes of Iba,L elicited to 10 mV test potential from a holding potential of -80 mV, were reversibly and dose-dependently reduced by GST (10-100 μmol·L-1) with an IC50 value of (39.9±3.6)μmol·L-1. Bath application of GST shifted the steady-state inactivation curves of Iba,L in a hyperpolarized direction (about 10 mV, P＜0.01) without altering their slopes. The peak amplitudes of Iba,L were also inhibited but to a less extent by daidzein, an inactive analogue of GST. Sodium orthovanadate 1 mmol·L-1, a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, blocked GST-induced inhibition of Ica,L. CONCLUSION GST can block L-type calcium channel activity in guinea-pig colon smooth muscle cells via tyrosine kinase pathway.

From international students' origin, composition, cultural background, with experience of teaching Australian students for 10 years, we put forward a set of teaching measures for the overseas students in ophthalmic optics, specifically overall planning, preparing good complete and detailed teaching plans be-fore teaching, adopting typical case teaching and question guiding teaching, making full use of multimedia media teaching and at the same time, using both constraints and guidance in the education management of international students.

Stem cells are a group of undifferentiated cells with indefinite self-renewal and pluripotent differentiation ability.They are able to differentiate into precursor/progenitor cells and a variety of cell types and further regenerate new cells to be involved in the repair and rebuilding of injured tissue.Therefore,stem cells are becoming the major research objects in the study on tissue engineering therapy and regenerative medicine.As a sense organ composed of several kinds of neurons and other cells,eyes possesse the dominant superiority in stem cell transplantation therapy because of its good operation controllability and visuality,less demand for seed cells and low rejection after transplantation.These advantages have aroused growing interesting of the fundamental research and clinical trail in stem cell transplantation for irreversible eye diseases.Some exciting advances in the field of stem cell fundamental research,several phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trials are in progress.The patients with degenerative eye diseases for phase Ⅰ clinical trials are in recruiting in China to evaluate future curative effect and security of stem cell-based therapies.Currently,several issues in stem cell-based eye disease therapies are still pending.We discuss the updated development of stem cell-based transplantation in ophthalmology and future researching direction in order to help ophthalmological researchers to understand the concepts and research strategies.

Objective to observe the correlation between the expression and prognosis of osteosarcoma Insulin-like growth factor receptor(IGF1R),explore the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma.Methods between January 2005 and April 2014 menstrual standardized comprehensive treatment of 60 cases of patients with stage ⅡB osteosarcoma were retrospectively analyzed.Using immunohistochemical method,the detection of osteosarcoma tissue and IGF1R expression rate in normal tissue adjacent to tumors and to analyze its correlation with survival of patients with osteosarcoma and factors affecting the prognosis.Results IGF1R in the positive expression rate of osteosarcoma tissues was 80.0％ (48/60),expression in normal tissue adjacent to tumor rate was 4/8,has a statistically significant difference between (P =0.032).IGF1R positive expression in osteosarcoma tissues group median disease-free survival time and the median overall survival time were significantly lower than the negative expression group (P =0.023,P =0.040) respectively.IGF1R expression level and pathological necrosis rate of preoperative chemotherapy,the time of first visit to the lung metastasis,and the survival prognosis of patients have significant correlation (P ＜ 0.05),and age,tumor location,tumor size,the serum LDH and ALP levels,is urgent to make a diagnosis and give treatment time,factors such as operation,preoperative chemotherapy times no significant correlation (P ＞ 0.05).Condusion IGF1R positive expression rate in stage Ⅱ B osteosarcoma tissue significantly negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma,is the independent prognostic factors of patients with osteosarcoma.

Objective To evaluate the causes of the metamorphopsia in patients with reattached retina after scleral buckling surgery. Methods Amsler grid test, ophthalmoscopic examination, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed on 79 patients (79 eyes) with reattached retina at the 2nd week, 2nd, 6th month and 1st year after scleral buckling operation. Results Two weeks after the operation, 51 patients (51 eyes, 64.56%) complained of metamorphopsia, and 44 patients (44 eyes, including 35 with and 9 without metamorphopsia) were examined by OCT and FFA. In patients with metamorphopsia, the results of OCT in 31 (88.57%) revealed abnormal macula with seven kinds consisting mostly of stratum neuroepithelium detachment (74.29%), while of FFA in 6 patients showed abnormal macular (17.14%) including 4 with neuroepithelium detachment (66.67%). In patients without metamorphopsia, abnormal macula could be found in 2 by OCT while nothing special was seen in FFA. Most abnormal macula in patients followed-up 2 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively meliorated as time went by, with alleviative or disappeared metamorphopsia; while the patients with persistently existing macular membrane had aggravating metamorphopsia. Conclusions Abnormal macula is the main reason for metamorphopsia after scleral buckling surgery. Neuroepithelium detachment and macular membrane are the main causes of metamorphopsia at the early and terminal stage after operation.

Objective To investigate the possibility that transplanting the full-thickness neonatal piggy retinas that are completely differentiated but immature improves the retinal function after light-induced retinal degeneration in pigs.Methods Retinas from normal Guangxi Bama pigs aged 1-6 days were used as donor tissues.Neuroretina-RPE cografts were obtained from newborn pigs by using excimer laser for microablation of choroidal tissue and transplanted into the subretinal cavity of adult Bama pigs after light-induced retinal degeneration through vitrectomy and retinotomy.On days 5-7 and in 1st to 5th month after retinal transplantation,the survival of the cografts in the recipients and whether the host retinas have rejection were observed by ophthalmoscope,colour fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography,and the amplitude and lantency of N1,P1 waves between different periods were measured by mfERG.Results The retinal transplantation was performed in 15 eyes of 8 Bama pigs after light-induced retinal degeneration.The subretinal transplantation of the cografts was performed successfully in 11 eyes,with the operation success rate of 84.6%(11/15).In host retina,the gray-black graft inside transplantation bed could be seen clearly in 1st to 2nd month after transplantation and the leaked fluorescence in transplants was checked with FFA.The vertical comparison between different periods showed the amplitude of N1,P1 waves of retinal transplants rose with the extension of the survival time,and the areas where active response was observed were ring 2 and ring 3;but the latency of N1,P1 waves was shortened significantly in each ring as compared with that before operation,especially in late survival period.Conclusion The function measurement and the observation of living body together confirm the transplantation of completely differentiated retina from newborn pigs improves the retinal function of pigs after light-induced retinal degeneration.