Objective To evaluate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on the expression of Toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κcB) in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Seventy-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:shame operation group (group S),ALI group and PHC group.Sepsis-induced ALl was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized rats.In group PHC,PHC 0.45 mg/kg was intramuscularly injected immediately after cecal ligation and puncture.At 6,12,24 and 36 h after ligation,the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for detection of TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and the lungs were removed for determination of the expression of TLR4 (using RT-PCR and Western blot) and NF-κBp65 (using Western blot) in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.The pathological changes of lungs were scored.The wet to dry lung weight (W/D) ratio was calculated and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues was measured.Results As compared with S group,the IL-6 concentrations in BALF at 6,12 and 24 h after ligation,TNF-α concentration in BALF at 6 and 12 h after ligation,and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp65,pathological scores,W/D ratio and MPO activity at each time point were significantly increased in ALI group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with ALI group,the TNF-α concentration in BALF at 6 and 12 h after ligation,and IL-6 concentrations in BALF,the expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp65,pathological scores,W/D ratio and MPO activity at each time point were significantly decreased in group PHC (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PHC inhibits NF-κB activation and decreases inflammatory responses through blocking TLR4 expression in lung tissues,thus attenuating sepsis-induced ALI in rats.

An RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of and Amlodipine (AL)Ramipril (RP) in tablets was developed and validated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 0.01-0.25 mg/mL (r2 ? 0.9998) for RP and 0.014-0.36 mg/mL (r2 ? 0.9997) for AL. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.06μg/mL and 0.02μg/mL for RP and AL, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.2μg/mL and 0.07μg/mL, respectively. Some major impurities and degradation products did not disturb the detection of RP and AL and the assay can thus be considered stability-indicating.

This study examined the role of PI3K/Akt pathway in radiosensitization of DNA damage of cervical carcinoma cells. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC(50)) of cisplatin and docetaxel in HeLa cells was detected by Mono-nuclear cell direct cytotoxicity assay (MTT) in vitro. HeLa cells were treated by cisplatin/docetaxel of 10 percent of IC(20) alone or combined with LY294002 for 24 h, and then radiated by different doses of X-ray. The cell survival ratio was obtained by means of clone formation. One-hit multi-target model was fitted to the cell survival curve to calculate dose quasithreshold (Dq), mean lethal dose (D(0)), 2Gy survival fraction (SF(2)) and sensitization enhancement ratio (SER). The pAkt and total Akt expression was detected by Western blotting and DNA damage by neutro-comet electrophoresis. The HeLa cells were randomly divided into 7 groups in terms of different treatments: Control; radiation treatment (RT) group; LY294002+RT group; cisplatin+RT group; docetaxel+RT group; LY294002+cisplatin+RT group; LY294002+docetaxel+RT group. The apoptosis ratio of each group was measured by flow cytometry. The results showed that docetaxel and cisplatin significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt in radiation-treated HeLa cells. The Dq, D(0) and SF2 in LY294002-contained groups were lower than those in docetaxel or cisplatin+RT group. The SER in the LY294002+docetaxel+RT group was 1.35 times that of the docetaxel+RT group, and that in the LY294002+cisplatin+RT group 1.26 times that of the cisplatin+RT group. The Comet electrophoresis showed that tail distance in the LY294002+cisplatin+RT group or LY294002+docetaxel+ RT group was longer than in the cisplatin+RT group or docetaxel+RT group. The apoptosis ratio in the LY294002+cisplatin+RT group or LY294002+docetaxel +RT group was higher than in the cisplatin+RT group or docetaxel+RT group. It was concluded that inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway can increase the effect of docetaxel and cisplatin on the radiosensitivity of HeLa cells and DNA damage resulted from radiation.

Objective To observe the influence of trastuzumab on DNA break repair and Her-2 nuclear import after radiation in breast cancer cell line SKBR3,and discuss the radiosensitivity mechanism of trastuzumab.Methods Clone formation assay was used to analyze the difference of survival fractions between radiation group and radiation plus trastuzumab group.Confocal microscopy was applied to observe the influence of trastuzumab in the nuclear import process of Her-2 and the expression of γH2AX after radiation,which is considered as the marker of DNA double strand break.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Her-2 and DNA-PKcs in nuclei after radiation.Results The result of clone formation assayshowed that the SF2 in radiation group was 0.547±0.046 and 0.321±0.022 in the radiation plus trastuzumab group were significantly decreased,the results of confocal microscopy showed that trastuzumab postponed the nuclear import process of Her-2 (52.80±19.74 in radiation group,21.41±10.55 in the radiation group),and increased expression of γH2AX after radiation (85.40±25.63 in radiation group,18.53±44.32 in the radiation group),and western blotting revealed trastuzumab reduced the expression of Her-2,DNA-PKcs in nuclei.Conclusion Trastuzumab can inhibit the radiation induced nuclear import of Her-2,and decrease Her-2,DNA-PKcs in nuclei to increase the DSB on early stage after radiation.

Objective To explore surgical techniques and curative effects of microsurgical treatment for neurilemmoma in upper cervical spinal canal. Methods From Jan. 2004 to Nov. 2007, 59 cases of schwannoma was resected through microoperation, the operation was conducted through a posteromedial approach, using German Laika microscope resection of the tumor, large tumors cannot complete resection,block or sac, resection postoperative neck activity conventional neck restrictions, with following observation of 6 months-2 years. Results A complete recovery was achieved in 54 cases, an improvement of symptoms was achieved in 5 cases, no death was encountered. Follow-up observations were carried out in 55 cases from 3 months-2 years (6.5 ± 1.5 months). MRI examinations 3-12 months after operation in 35 cases found no residual or recurrent tumor. X-ray radiography under anteroposterior, lateral, and open-mouth view 6 months after operation in 42 cases showed no spinal deformation and good vertebral stability. Conclusions As long as neurilemmoma in upper cervical spinal canal are diagnosed, a microsurgical treatment should be given as early as possible. Appropriate selection of surgical approach, skillful microsurgical techniques in accordance with pathological types of lesions, and principles of minimal invasion are critical for the operation safety.

This study examined the radiation-induced ERBB2 nuclear transport in the BT474 breast cancer cell line and the relationship between caveolin-1 and radiation-induced ERBB2 nuclear transport. The BT474 cells were treated with herceptin (200 nmol/L), PP2 (a caveolin-1 inhibitor, 100 nmol/L) and irradiation combined or alone. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the nuclear import of ERBB2 and caveolin-1 after irradiation. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of ERBB2, caveolin-1 and DNA-PKcs after irradiation, and immunoprecipitation to identify the ERBB2 and caveolin-1 complex before perinuclear ERBB2 localization. Confocal microscopy showed the transport of ERBB2 and caveolin-1 from the cell membrane to the nucleus 15 min after irradiation and the proteins accumulated at the perinuclear region within 45 min. Western blotting revealed that the expression levels of ERBB2, caveolin-1 and DNA-PKcs were increased after irradiation and reached a peak 45 min later. Both herceptin and PP2 treatments were found to decrease ERBB2 expression. An immune complex composed of ERBB2 and caveolin-1 was found in the herceptin group after irradiation. It was concluded that after irradiation, ERBB2 may be transported from the cell membrane to the nucleus and activate DNA-PKcs to trigger DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair; caveolin-1 may participate in this process. Treatments involving the downregulation of caveolin-1 may increase the radiosensitization of breast cancer cells.

Objective To assess epidemiological characteristics of metabolic syndrome(MS)and its attributing factors in a resident sample aged over 35 living in both rural and urban areas of Harbin in Heilongjiang province.Methods A cross-over sectional and cluster sampling was carried out in 5 984 residents aged over 35 years living in the rural and urban areas of Harbin.Height,body mass,waist circumference,blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,triglyeeride,and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined.In this survey,the prevalence of MS and its attributing factors were analyzed by logistic regression model according to the diagnostic criteria of international diabetes federation in 2005.Results The prevalence of MS in this sample was 24.60%(male 22.49%,female 26.29%),and the standardized prevalence rate was 23.31%(male 22.12%,female 25.19%).Compared to female population,male participants showed a much lower prevalence;and compared to urban area population,rural participants showed a much lower prevalence(26.70% vs 20.05%,P<0.05).The prevalence of MS rose progressively with age in females.The individuals with MS presented increased body mass index,hyperglycemia,and hypertriglyceridemia.Gender,age,employment,education,smoking or drinking habit,and family history of hypertension were identified as maior risk factors of MS.Conclusion The prevalence of MS in a sample of residents aged over 35 in Harbin Was 24.60%.It becomes an public health problem requiring urgent attention for prevention and treatment.

Objective To assess the epidemiological characteristics of hypertension and its attributing factors in Heilongjiang province and establish a comprehensive basis for the prevention and control of hypertension in this region. Methods Using the stratified chunk method, a survey lasting 50 years was conducted on a sample of 299 677 (including i 58 782 males and 140 895 females) patients, aged 15 and above, residing in both rural and urban areas of Heilongjiang province from 1958 to 2007. Both blood pressure measurement and analysis on attributing factors of hypertension were carried out in 1958, 1979, 1991, 1999 and 2007. Results The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in Heilongjiang than in other provinces. It elevated annually, reaching a 3-fold increase in 50 years with an accelerating pace ( 17.06% to 25. 69% ) in the recent 8 years. Among the people examined, the prevalence of hypertension increased with aging. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension varied among different professions. Office workers had the highest prevalence (41.67%). Compared with female population, male participants had a much higher prevalence before the age of 55 (P < 0.0001 ). Body mass index, gender, hypertriglyceridemia, age, low-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and family history were identified as major risk factors for the development of hypertension in Heilongjiang province. However, the awareness (48. 90% ), treatment (25.33%) and control (4. 32% ) rates of hypertension in this region were relatively low. Conclusion The results of the present study identified Heilongjiang province as a high-risk region for hypertension. It also suggests the necessity to plan and implement actions for the effective prevention and treatment of hypertension in this region.

Objective To analysis the therapeutic effect of microsurgery through single-nostril transsphenoidal approach on pituitary adenomas and to study the surgical skill and postoperative complications about microsurgery for pituitary adenomas.Methods The clinical manifestations,pathological type, removal percentage,postoperative complications and follow-up data of 241 cases with pituitary ademoma by microsurgery through single-nostril transsphenoidal approach were analysed retrospectively.Results 171(7 1%)cases were achieved total tumor removal,28(11.6%)cases were achieved subtotal tumor removal,26(10.7%)cases were achieved most tumor removal and 16(6.6%)cases were achieved partial tumor removal.Most of patients achieved better results,however there were 38(15.8%)eases with diabetes insipidus,12(4.9%)cases with transient worse sight,4(1.6%)cases with cerebrospinal fluid leakage,2(0.8%)cases with oculomotor paralysis,and no death.The postoperative complications were cured and outcome was considered as good.The follow-up period was 1-36 months in 241 patients and the clinical symptoms were improved by different degrees.Conclusion Pituitary adenomas can be treated by microsurgery through single-nostril transsphenoidal approach due to the time of operation shorten,the postoperative complications.

Objective To study the rational daily administration times of Yinchenhao Decoction (YCHD) when it was used to treat experimental jaundice in rats based on pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics model.MethodsRats were modeled by 4％ 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (75 mg/kg) for 48 h,then YCHD was drenched with doses of 0.324 g/kg (extract,calculated with the clinical dosage) once,0.162 g/kg twice,and 0.108 g/kg thrice a day,respectively.The total bile and the flow rate of bile were observed after the first administration; Blood samples collected from the orbital sinus at different intervals were used to investigate the levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and bilimbins (TBIL and DBIL),and determine the concentration of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (DME) in the plasma using UPLC at the same time,then we obtained the time-effect and time-dose curves.The rational daily administration times of YCHD when treating experimental jaundice were determined based on the comprehensive analysis of time-effect and time-concentration relationships.ResultsWithin 10 h the total bile of rats which were administered once daily (G1) was I.65 and 1.33 times higher than that of twice and thrice (G2 and G3) a day,respectively,and the four biochemical indexes (TBIL,ALT,DBIL,and AST) of Gl decreased faster than those of G2 and G3 (P ＜ 0.05).On the other hand,the blood drug level of DME when administrated once daily could maintain at a higher level for a longer time,and its Cmax and AUC0→t were higher than those of G2 and G3,which might be the main reason why its effect was the most significant.ConclusionIt is more appropriate to administrate once daily when YCHD is used to treat jaundice.