An RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of and Amlodipine (AL)Ramipril (RP) in tablets was developed and validated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 0.01-0.25 mg/mL (r2 ? 0.9998) for RP and 0.014-0.36 mg/mL (r2 ? 0.9997) for AL. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.06μg/mL and 0.02μg/mL for RP and AL, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.2μg/mL and 0.07μg/mL, respectively. Some major impurities and degradation products did not disturb the detection of RP and AL and the assay can thus be considered stability-indicating.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of cholestatic liver disease (CLD), and to provide a reference for strengthening the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 107 patients who were admitted to Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from January 2015 to December 2017 and were diagnosed with CLD. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups. ResultsMost patients had the clinical symptoms of weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal distension, pruritus, and jaundice. According to the site of cholestasis, there were 64 patients (59.8%) with intrahepatic cholestasis and 43 (40.2%) with extrahepatic cholestasis. The cause of the disease was common bile duct stones in 21 patients (19.6%), bile duct parasites in 1 patient (0.9%), primary sclerosing cholangitis in 2 patients (1.9%), primary biliary cirrhosis in 3 patients (2.8%), liver cancer in 8 patients (7.5%), bile duct carcinoma in 5 patients (4.7%), pancreatic cancer in 4 patients (3.7%), pancreatitis in 12 patients (11.2%), viral hepatitis in 28 patients (26.2%), drug-induced liver injury in 11 patients (10.3%), alcoholic hepatitis in 6 patients (5.6%), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in 4 patients (3.7%), and autoimmune hepatitis in 2 patients (19%). The CLD patients with underlying diseases had a significantly poorer liver function (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, bile acid, and total bilirubin) than those with CLD alone (t=-3.44, -2.99, -2.42, -4.39, -3.34, and -2.49, all P＜0.05). Most of the patients achieved good recovery after liver-protecting, transaminase-lowering, and jaundice clearance treatment. The patients with tumors had poor prognosis. ConclusionCLD has various causes, and its clinical features lack specificity. Clinicians should pay enough attention to this disease.

Objective To objectively study the current progress of China Healthcare Improvement Initiative, and its effectiveness and shortcomings for further improvement. Methods Questionnaires were customized by expert consultation and pre-investigation, and distributed by the National Health Commission in April 2018 to the hospitals.Data of 5 469 hospitals were recovered and analyzed with a statistics software for descriptive analysis.Results Implementation progress of the five working systems varied with regions, and rooms of improvement were found in such aspects as outpatient appointment, clinical pathway management and social work system.In 2017, the proportion of outpatient appointments of 5 469 hospitals averaged 19.1%.Progress of the ten major service models also varied, as defects were found in such service models as continuous medical service, intelligent service, and interconnection service.In 2017, only 6.7% of the 5 469 hospitals had put in place hierarchical integrated clinical pathways within their medical alliances.Conclusions Improvement of the medical services calls for not only the efforts of medical institutions themselves, but also top-level design by the local health authorities. In particular, an online information platform should be established for the whole region, to unify the information standards and processes, and corresponding mechanisms and system support are needed.

OBJECTIVE:To explore losses and gains (L&G) and L&G ratio induced by Essential Medicine System in a county. METHODS:By choosing a county in western China as sample area,field investigation was used to collect outpatient and inpatient visits,outpatient and inpatient income,drug income,total length of stay and medical insurance reimbursement criteria in primary medical institutions (township health centers,village health rooms) of the county during 2009-2015. By setting the year 2009 as the baseline year,the drug cost reimbursed by medical insurance was simulated and calculated when Essential Medicine System were not implemented;L&G and L&G ratio of medical insurance were calculated by comparing with actual drug cost reimbursed by medical insurance. RESULTS:The year 2012,in which the sample county fully implemented the Essential Medicine System was the turning year. Medical insurance funds lost in primary medical institutions of the county during 2010-2011(lost 437000,915000 yuan,respectively),but gained during 2012 to 2015(gained 199000,494000,858000,1290000 yuan, respectively);the L&G ratio increased from -0.67％ to 1.21％. For reimbursed outpatient drug cost and inpatient cost,L&G of medical insurance were different. For reimbursed drug cost of village health room and township health center,L&G of medical insurance were also different. CONCLUSIONS:The implementation of Essential Medicine System benefits to medical insurance within the county and Medical insurance funds can be saved.