Objective To evaluate the effect of stereotactic radiotherapy combined with conventional radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients with positive stump at the resected bronchial margin. Methods From June 1996 to November 2000, 41 NSCLC patients in whom microscopic residual disease found pathologically at the resected bronchial margin were treated by: conventional radiotherapy followed by stereotactic radiotherapy ( RT+SRT group 18 patients), while the other 23 patients received routine radiotherapy alone (RT group). Results The 1-,2-and 3-year local disease-free rates were better in RT+ SRT group (92.3%,~83.1% and 83.1%) than those in RT group (80.2%,60.2% and 39.5% ). However, no significant difference was found in the complication rate or survival rate between the two groups. Conclusions Stereotactic radiotherapy is effective as a boost irradiation to patients with non-small cell lung cancer with microscopic residual disease at the resected bronchial margin by improving the local control.

Objective To study the relationship between HAI and HBsAg, HCV in HCC, pericarcinomatous tissues. Methods The patterns of HBsAg and HCV in 100 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and their surrounding liver tissues were studied on paraffin-embeded sections with immunohistochemistry technique, and pericarcinomatous tissues were scored in Knodell’s histological activity index(HAI). Results The score of HAI in the group of co-infection of HBV, HCV is the highest in the four groups(12.62?3.88). The score of HAI in the group which is not infected by HBV, HCV is the lowest in the four groups(6.67?2.58). HBV, HCV virus infection were positively correlated with HAI(rs=0.39,P=0.0001). HBsAg and HCV were detected both in HCC and pericarcinomatous tissues. The positive rate of HBsAg in Pericarcinomatous Tissues(79%) was higher than that of in HCC tissues(23%). HCV expressions in HCC(15%) and pericarcinomatous tissues(23%) had no differences. Conclusions As for the tissues of liver cancer with virus infection background, the HAI is obviously higher than that without virus infection background. HBV, HCV virus infection were correlated with HAI significantly, perennial virusemia will aggravate pathological changes of liver tissue.

Objective To evaluate the causes of the metamorphopsia in patients with reattached retina after scleral buckling surgery. Methods Amsler grid test, ophthalmoscopic examination, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed on 79 patients (79 eyes) with reattached retina at the 2nd week, 2nd, 6th month and 1st year after scleral buckling operation. Results Two weeks after the operation, 51 patients (51 eyes, 64.56%) complained of metamorphopsia, and 44 patients (44 eyes, including 35 with and 9 without metamorphopsia) were examined by OCT and FFA. In patients with metamorphopsia, the results of OCT in 31 (88.57%) revealed abnormal macula with seven kinds consisting mostly of stratum neuroepithelium detachment (74.29%), while of FFA in 6 patients showed abnormal macular (17.14%) including 4 with neuroepithelium detachment (66.67%). In patients without metamorphopsia, abnormal macula could be found in 2 by OCT while nothing special was seen in FFA. Most abnormal macula in patients followed-up 2 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively meliorated as time went by, with alleviative or disappeared metamorphopsia; while the patients with persistently existing macular membrane had aggravating metamorphopsia. Conclusions Abnormal macula is the main reason for metamorphopsia after scleral buckling surgery. Neuroepithelium detachment and macular membrane are the main causes of metamorphopsia at the early and terminal stage after operation.

Aim To investigate the effect of tanshinol on bone mineral density and microstructure of proximal tibias in rats with bone loss induced by glucocorticoid. Methods Sixty 7-month-old female SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 1 0 rats per group:control group(saline:5 ml·kg -1 ·d -1 ),glucocorti-coid group (prednisone acetate:6 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ), glucocorticoid +low dose of tanshinol group(1 2.5 mg ·kg -1 ·d -1 ),glucocorticoid +medium dose of tan-shinol group (25 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ),glucocorticoid +high dose of tanshinol group (50 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ), glucocorticoid +(positive control drug)calcitriol group (0.045 μg · kg -1 · d -1 ).Rats were gavaged with prednisone acetate continuously for 1 4 weeks to estab-lish the bone loss model.Meanwhile,tanshinol and calcitriol were orally administered to the rats which were treated with prednisone acetate for intervention. At the end of the experiment,the left proximal tibias were collected for Micro-CT scanning and three-dimen-sional reconstruction of cortical and trabecular bone re-
spectively to observe the changes of bone microstruc-ture and test related parameters.Results Bone min-eral density was decreased and bone microstructure was destroyed in proximal tibias of rats after treatment with glucocorticoid.Both tanshinol (25 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) and calcitriol(0.045 μg·kg -1 ·d -1 )could increase bone mineral density and improve bone microstructure in proximal tibias without significant differences be-tween each other.Tanshinol (50 mg · kg -1 · d -1 ) could improve bone microstructure to some extent,but it had no significant effect on bone mineral density. Tanshinol(1 2.5 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 )had no significant effect on bone mineral density or microstructure.Con-clusion Oral administration of tanshinol (25 mg · kg -1 ·d -1 )to the rats treated with glucocorticoid can increase bone mineral density and improve bone micro-structure in proximal tibias.

Objective To investigate the possibility that transplanting the full-thickness neonatal piggy retinas that are completely differentiated but immature improves the retinal function after light-induced retinal degeneration in pigs.Methods Retinas from normal Guangxi Bama pigs aged 1-6 days were used as donor tissues.Neuroretina-RPE cografts were obtained from newborn pigs by using excimer laser for microablation of choroidal tissue and transplanted into the subretinal cavity of adult Bama pigs after light-induced retinal degeneration through vitrectomy and retinotomy.On days 5-7 and in 1st to 5th month after retinal transplantation,the survival of the cografts in the recipients and whether the host retinas have rejection were observed by ophthalmoscope,colour fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography,and the amplitude and lantency of N1,P1 waves between different periods were measured by mfERG.Results The retinal transplantation was performed in 15 eyes of 8 Bama pigs after light-induced retinal degeneration.The subretinal transplantation of the cografts was performed successfully in 11 eyes,with the operation success rate of 84.6%(11/15).In host retina,the gray-black graft inside transplantation bed could be seen clearly in 1st to 2nd month after transplantation and the leaked fluorescence in transplants was checked with FFA.The vertical comparison between different periods showed the amplitude of N1,P1 waves of retinal transplants rose with the extension of the survival time,and the areas where active response was observed were ring 2 and ring 3;but the latency of N1,P1 waves was shortened significantly in each ring as compared with that before operation,especially in late survival period.Conclusion The function measurement and the observation of living body together confirm the transplantation of completely differentiated retina from newborn pigs improves the retinal function of pigs after light-induced retinal degeneration.

Objective To explore the influence of various concentrations of amino acid on the stability of neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions .Methods Five formulations were designed with 5 different amino acid concentrations containing the same components .The final amino acid concentrations of admixtures were 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 3.5%, respectively .The appearance , pH, and osmolality were observed or meas-ured after preparation (0 hour) and at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after preparation.The average size and the size distribution of the lipid globules were also evaluated by laser nanometer particle size analyzer .Results There was no observable alteration in color , phase separation , precipitate , and flocculation in any admixture at any of the observation time points.The mean pH values for all groups were between (5.49 ±0.01) to (6.19 ±0.01) within 72 hours.The mean osmolalities for all groups were between (774 ±3) to (1106 ±13) mOsm/kg.The mean diameters of lipid globules for all groups were between (280.6 ±0.7 ) mm to (332.2 ±2.0 ) nm.The mean polydispersity for all groups were between (0.200 ±0.011) to (0.245 ±0.012).The enrichment of ami-no acid concentration was linked to lower pH ( P=0.000 ) , higher osmolality ( P=0.000 ) and larger average lipid globules size ( P=0.000 ) .However , there was no distinct linear dependence between amino acid concen -tration and polydispersity value ( P=0.628 ) .Conclusion After 72 hours of storage at room temperature , the appearance, pH, osmolality, and the average lipid globules diameter of the parenteral nutrition solutions are within the safe range when the amino acid is not contained or the concentrations are no more than 3.5%.

Humans ; Microvascular Decompression Surgery ; Neuralgia ; surgery

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control in Changzhou City in recent 10 years, so as to provide the evidences for formulating the future prevention and control strategy. Methods The work reports and the da?ta of the schistosomiasis comprehensive control projects in Changzhou City from 2004 to 2014 were collected,the infection sta?tus of residents and livestock as well the Oncomelania hupensis snail situation were analyzed,and the implementation effect of the comprehensive control projects was evaluated. Results From 2004 to 2014,totally 215 368 person?times were examined, and the positive rate of the blood examinations of the population was 0.24%(478/198 356),and there were no positive cases de?tected out by using the miracidium hatching method. Totally 11 935 domestic animals were detected and no positives were found. From 2004 to 2014,the total area with snails was 92.27 hm2,and marshland,inland and mountain environments accounted for 34.75%,34.82%and 30.43%,respectively. The newly discovered area with snails was 34.40 hm2,and marshland,inland and mountain environments accounted for 2.62%,71.22% and 26.16%,respectively. Totally 8 511 snails were dissected and no schistosome infected snails were found. From 2004 to 2014,a total of 242 600 harmless toilets were built,2 704 700 domestic animals were reared in pens,5.82 km?long rivers were dredged,2 250.11 hm2 of protective forests were constructed,a total area of 625.79 hm2 were controlled with molluscicides,and an area of 149.58 hm2 were environmentally transformed. Totally 5.4 mil?lion people received health education. The awareness rate of knowledge on schistosomiasis control of residents was 96.00% in 2014. Conclusions There exists the risks of snails import and diffusion and schistosomiasis resurrection in Changzhou City, but under the condition of continuous implementation of comprehensive control measures,the endemic situation of schistosomia?sis is stable and the control achievement is consolidated in this city.

Objective To evaluate the impact of epidural anesthesia with levobupivacaine combined with general anesthesia on colon surgery. Methods Sixty patients undergoing elective radical procedure for colon carcinoma were randomLy divided into four groups: saline group (group S), 0.125% levobupivacaine group (group L1), 0.25% levobupivacaine group (group L2), and 0.5% levobupivacaine group (group L3). Group S received normal saline of 10 mL epidurally and then infusion of 5 mL·h-1 until the procedure was finished; groups L1, L2, and L3 received levobupivacaine instead. Anesthetic induction was performed after epidural puncture. Mean blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at 8 time points including 5 min after entering into the operation room, 1 min after intubation, skin incision, abdominal exploration, 1 h after skin incision, completion of operation, extubation, and leaving PACU; meanwhile blood glucose and cortisol were detected, anesthesia time, time to PACU stay, bleeding, transfusion volume, adverse reaction, and doses of propofol, remifentanil, ephedrine, and fentanyl were noted. Results Time to PACU stay was longer in S group than in other 3 groups. Doses of remifentanil and fentanyl were larger in L1 group than in L2 group and L3 group. Ephedrine dose in L3 group was larger than in other 3 groups. Blood sugar in L1 group was higher than L2 group and L3 group. Cortisol in S group was higher than in other 3 group. Cortisol in L1 group was higher than in L3 group. The number of patients with hypotension was greater in L3 group than other 3 groups. Conclusions Continue epidural infusion of 0.25%levobupivacaine can reduce stress response and opioid uses, shorten PACU stay, whereas it does not increase use of ephedrine.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the oxidative stress responses during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),global cerebral I/R group (group I/R) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Global cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries combined with hypotension (MAP maintained at 35-45 mmHg).In group D,dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 3 μg · kg-1 · h-1until 2 h of reperfusion after a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 3 μg/kg was intravenously injected immediately after onset of reperfusion.The neurological deficit score (NDS) was assessed at 24 h of reperfusion,the rats were then sacrificed,and their brains were immediately removed for determination of cell apoptosis and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).Apoptotic rate was calculated.Results Compared with group S,NDS,apoptotic rate and MDA level were significantly increased,and SOD and CAT levels were decreased in I/R and D groups.Compared with group I/R,NDS,apoptotic rate and MDA level were significantly decreased,and SOD and CAT levels were increased in group D.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine attenuates global cerebral I/R injury through inhibiting the oxidative stress responses.