Objective To investigate and establish thyroid function reference range during 3 pregnant stages in Chaoshan area:thyrotropin (TSH),free thyroxin (FT4).Methods 863 healthy pregnant women visited antenatal clinic in the Second Affiliated Hospital were included in this study.By detecting serum levels of TSH,FT4,thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb),and thyroid peroxi-dase antibody (TPOAb)in these women,the euthyroid reference ranges of serum TSH and FT4 in different pregnant stages were established based on the standards of the United States National Institute of Clinical Biochemical (NACB)guidelines.Results The ranges of serum TSH in the first,second and third trimester of pregnancy were 0.13-3.93 mIU/L,0.14-4.55mlU/L,and 0.42-3.85 mIU/L,respectively.The ranges of serum FT4 levels in these 3 stages were 12.00-23.34 pmol/L,6.27-12.65pmol/ L, and 9.80-18.20 pmol/L,respectively.The range of serum TSH levels in our study were similar with the reference range recom-mended by the guidelines in China,but were different compared with the American Thyroid Association (ATA)guidelines.Conclu-sion TSH,FT4 levels show dynamic changes during different stages of pregnancy.The thyroid function ranges of healthy pregnant women in Chaoshan area are quite different compared with non-pregnant population and pregnant women in distinct area.Due to the differences of diet,iodine intake,economy and culture in Chaoshan area,regional thyroid function reference ranges specific for differ-ent stages of pregnant women should be established.

Objective To explore the efficacy of excision of pterygium combined with fresh amniotic membrane transplantation for treatment of recurrent pterygium.Methods Pteryga of 27 patients(32 eyes) were excised and transplanted with fresh amniotic membrane.Patients were followed up for 6～36 months.Results Pterygium recurred in only 2 eyes during the period of follow-up.The curative rate of the operation for recurrent pterygium was 93.75%,and the recurrence rate was 6.25%.Conclusion Excision of pterygium combined with fresh amniotic membrane transplantation is an effective therapeutic method for recurrent pterygium.

125I seeds implantation for the treatment of various malignant tumors has been widely recognized in clinical practice in recent years. It has a wide application prospect and is an effective treatment method. With the development of ultrasound, CT, MR, endoscopy and three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology, the clinical application of 125I seeds implantation technology is progressing rapidly. This article summarizes its implementation methods, clinical applications and development trends.

Objective:To summarize the experience of blood glucose management and nursing for a newborn with repeated hypoglycemia in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.Method:A multidisciplinary team was formed, and formulated an individualized care plan for a large infant with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. A dynamic blood glucose monitoring system was used to closely monitor blood glucose fluctuations for this children, dynamically adjusted the amount of infusion and milk according to the blood sugar situation, detected and dealed with hypoglycemia in time, strengthened the skin care of child and implemented psychological care for the family.Results:After refined treatment and care, the child′s vital signs were stable, and his blood sugar could maintain within a normal range before being discharged from the hospital.Conclusions:The use of dynamic blood glucose monitoring system under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team can effectively monitor and control the blood glucose fluctuations of children with BWS syndrome, which can provide a basis for further treatment of children.

In recent years, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint as the target has made revolutionary breakthroughs in the treatment of a variety of advanced solid tumors. Notwithstanding the impressive long-term therapeutic benefits, their efficacy is limited to a small subset of cancer patients. Some patients experienced drug resistance and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) primarily include antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and antibodies targeting PD-1 and its ligands. Thus, it is of utmost importance to screen potential biomarkers in populations that may benefit from immunotherapy, to maximize therapeutic benefits. This review summarizes the mechanism of ICIs and its related efficacy biomarker, to better guide the application of immunotherapy in clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the current status of caries on permanent teeth in adult population at the age of 35⁃44 years old in Guangdong Province, thus to provide scientific basis for the establishment of oral health care policies in Guangdong. Methods: An equal⁃sized stratified multi⁃stage randomly sampling design was applied to obtain represen⁃ tative sample groups consisted of 288 Guangdong residents each, aged at 35⁃44 years old, with a gender ratio of half to half. The caries on the crowns and roots of permanent teeth were assessed according to The Guideline for the 4th National Oral Health Survey; thereafter the prevalence and mean DFT (decayed and filled tooth) of permanent teeth were calculat⁃ ed. The data obtained were analyzed using SAS9.2 package. Results: In 35⁃44 year ⁃old population, the prevalence of crown caries was 71.18%, with a mean DFT of 2.76, and a filled rate of 36.78%; while the prevalence of root caries was 28.47%, with a mean DFT of 0.66, and a filled rate of 4.23%. The prevalence of caries of crown and root and mean DFT of crown caries were higher in countryside when compared to the urban opponents. And female had higher prevalence and mean DFT score in crown and root caries when compared to male. However, the mean DFT score of root caries in urban was almost the same as that in countryside. Conclusion There was a high level of crown caries in Guangdong. Although the prevalence of root caries is low, most of the involved roots was not filled.

Preschool age(3-6 years old)is a critical period for visual development, and it is crucial to detect and treat visual problems in preschool children as early as possible. Visual acuity charts are important tools for screening visual issues in children. In China, the commonly used charts are the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and the pediatric optotype chart, while overseas, the Lea, HOTV, and ETDRS visual acuity charts are frequently employed. Numerous studies have reported the measurability, repeatability, and sensitivity of these three charts in diagnosing visual-related problems in children. However, the application of these three charts is relatively limited in China. This article provides a comprehensive review of the design principles, clinical applications, and characteristics of these three visual acuity charts, so as to better understand their applicability and limitations in preschool children, and provide reference for the selection and improvement of vision examination methods in the future.

ObjectiveTo explore the underlying mechanism of Bushen Huatan prescription in alleviating postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP） by maintaining the balance of osteogenesis and adipogenic differentiation in ovariectomized rats with osteoporosis. MethodSeventy-five 6-month-old non-pregnant female SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group， model group， atorvastatin group， liviol group， and Bushen Huatan prescription group. Bilateral ovaries were removed in the four groups except the sham-operation group， while only the same mass of adipose tissue around the ovaries was removed in the sham-operation group. On the 5^th week after surgery， drugs were consecutively administrated for 8 weeks. Rats in the Bushen Huatan prescription group received 9.4 mg·kg^-1 of the prescription， rats in the atorvastatin group received 0.92 mg·kg^-1 of atorvastatin， rats in the Liviol group received 0.23 mg·kg^-1 of liviol， and rats in the model group and the sham-operation group received saline once a day. Micro-computed tomography （Micro CT） was used to detect bone mineral density （BMD） of rat tibia in each group. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to detect the relative area of rat bone marrow adipose tissue （BMAT） in each group. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the relative expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 （Runx2）， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPARγ）， leptin （LPN）， and leptin receptor （OBR） in bone tissues. ResultAs compared with the sham operation group， the BMD of rats in the model group decreased （P<0.05）， while the relative area of BMAT increased （P<0.05）. In addition， the expression levels of LPN， OBR， and Runx2 decreased in the model group （P<0.05）， while the level of PPARγ increased （P<0.05）. As compared with the model group， the BMD of rats in the atorvastatin group， the Livial group， and the Bushen Huatan prescription group increased （P<0.05）， and the relative area of BMAT decreased （P<0.05）. The expression levels of LPN， OBR， and Runx2 in these groups increased （P<0.05）， while the expression level of PPARγ decreased （P<0.05）. ConclusionBushen Huatan prescription plays the anti-osteoporosis role in the rat model of PMOP through up-regulating LPN and OBR in bone tissues and maintaining the balance of osteogenesis and adipogenic differentiation， thereby reducing postmenopausal bone loss and playing a role in the prevention and treatment of PMOP.

ObjectiveTo establish and validate a clinical prediction model for 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events（MACEs）risk after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in coronary heart disease （CHD） patients with blood stasis syndrome. MethodThe consecutive CHD patients diagnosed with blood stasis syndrome in the Department of Integrative Cardiology at China-Japan Friendship Hospital from September 1， 2019 to March 31， 2021 were selected for a retrospective study， and basic clinical features and relevant indicators were collected. Eligible patients were classified into a derivation set and a validation set at a ratio of 7∶3， and each set was further divided into a MACEs group and a non-MACEs group. The factors affecting the outcomes were screened out by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （Lasso） and used to establish a logistic regression model and identify independent prediction variables. The goodness-of-fit of the model was evaluated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test， and the area under curve （AUC） of the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， calibration curve， decision curve analysis （DCA）， and clinical impact curve （CIC） were employed to evaluate the discrimination， calibration， and clinical impact of the model. ResultA total of 731 consecutive patients were assessed and 404 eligible patients were enrolled， including 283 patients in the derivation set and 121 patients in the validation set. Lasso identified ten variables influencing outcomes， which included age， sex， fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， homocysteine （Hcy）， brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity （baPWV）， flow-mediated dilatation （FMD）， left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， and Gensini score. The multivariate Logistic regression preliminarily identified age， FPG， TG， Hcy， LDL-C， LVEF， and Gensini score as the independent variables that influenced the outcomes. Of these variables， male， high FMD and high LVEF were protective factors， and the rest were risk factors. The prediction model for 1-year MACEs risk after PCI in CHD patients with blood stasis syndrome showed χ²=12.371 （P=0.14） in Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the AUC of 0.90. With the threshold probability > 10%， the model showed better prediction performance for 1-year MACEs risk after PCI in CHD patients with blood stasis syndrome than for that in all the patients. With the threshold probability > 60%， the estimated value was much closer to the real number of patients. ConclusionThe established clinical prediction model facilitates the early prediction of 1-year MACEs risk after PCI in CHD patients with blood stasis syndrome， which can provide ideas for the precise treatment of CHD patients after PCI and has guiding significance for improving the prognosis of the patients. Meanwhile， multi-center studies with larger sample sizes are expected to further validate， improve， and update the model.

Drastic surges in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce cell apoptosis, while most chemotherapy drugs lead to the accumulation of ROS. Here, we constructed an organic compound, arsenical N-‍(4-(1,3,2-dithiarsinan-2-yl)phenyl)acrylamide (AAZ2), which could prompt the ROS to trigger mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in gastric cancer (GC). Mechanistically, by targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), AAZ2 caused metabolism alteration and the imbalance of redox homeostasis, followed by the inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and leading to the activation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)/Bcl2-associated X (Bax)/caspase-9 (Cas9)/Cas3 cascades. Importantly, our in vivo data demonstrated that AAZ2 could inhibit the growth of GC xenograft. Overall, our data suggested that AAZ2 could contribute to metabolic abnormalities, leading to mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by targeting PDK1 in GC.
Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Cell Line, Tumor