This paper summerized the surgical treatment of primary bronchogenic carcinoma in 3568 cases between 1957-1991. The resectability rate was 90. 3%, postoperative morbidity rate 8.32% and operative mortality 0. 89%. Pathological diagnoses of the resected specimens included squa-mous cell carcinoma for 48.7%, adenocarcinoma 22.9%, small cell cancer 15. 4%, large cell cancer 1. 3% and squa-mous-adenocarcinoma in 10.1%. The follow-up rate was 93%. The 5-and 10-year survival rates were 34.6% and 22.79% respectively. Analyses of the data demonstratad that the histologic type, pathological stage and metastasis of mediastinal lymph node are the important factors affecting the prognosis. According to UICC P-TNM,42. 6% of the patients in this group were in stage III. The 5 year survival rate was 19% in IIIa patients and 6% in IIIb. According to authors experience, it is recommended that in IIIa patients with nonsmall cell cardinoma, active surgical treatment should be adopted; in patients with small cell carcinoma, chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be given pre-and postoperatively, in IIIb patients with small cell carcinoma, surgical treatment is generally not indicated.

OBJECTIVEIn vivo Micro-PETICT imaging of mouse/rat brain has been widely used to non-invasively monitor brain and provides researchers a better understanding of therapeutic effects in models of human neurological disease. For the need of further processing, extraction of brain tissue from head is required and vital.

METHODSAn automatic multistep combination methods was proposed based on an improved level set framework, which includes (1) Use Fuzzy-C-Means method together with threshold and morphology methods to get the initial level-set surface automatically. (2) Combine gradient vector flow to enhance the gradient contrast and enforce the surface move toward to the object's surface much faster, especially obtain a significantly improvement in the regions of forehead and the joint between brain and neck. (3) introduce an automatic stop condition based on average bandwidth energy maximization to overcome the leakage problem.

RESULTS3 Micro-CT images of rat and 3 of mouse have been tested using the proposed methods and the average accuracy has increased by 33% for rat and 6.7% for mouse. The average processing duration for rat and mouse are about 8 minutes and 4 minutes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe proposed methods were proved that it can be effectively used for Micro-PET/CT imaging of mouse/rat brain segmentation and have a great improvement on accuracy and convenience.

Animals ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Mice ; Neuroimaging ; methods ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Rats ; X-Ray Microtomography ; methods