The etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is unknown, which is closely related to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. There are several controversies on PCOS diagnosis because of its diversity and heterogeneity in clinical manifestations. PCOS biomarkers have become a research hotspot. The methods of treatment include lifestyle interventions and improving metabolic dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and reproduction abnormality. This article reviews the latest research progress in the morbidity characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and the therapy of PCOS.

Objective:The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), metformin combined with thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitor, and inositol.Methods:Eligible studies were searched in databases of PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang data, and CNKI based on population, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) principle (inception to Nov 2020). Two researchers independently screened randomized controlled trials in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted basic information and outcomes of included studies, and used Cochrane risk of bias tool to evaluate the methodological quality of the literature. Network meta-analysis was conducted by STATA 14.0. Continuous variables without dimensional differences were calculated by weighted mean difference and 95% CI, and continuous variables with dimensional differences were calculated using standardized mean difference and 95% CI. Results:A total of 27 studies with 1 445 patients were included in this study. Network meta-analysis showed that acarbose presented a better efficacy than other interventions in reducing total testosterone [surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA): 89.4%]. GLP-1RAs may have the best efficacy in reducing body mass index and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; SUCRA: 99.1%, 89.2%, respectively), while using inositol may be a good choice to reduce serum fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, blood total cholesterol, and blood triglycerides (SUCRA: 94.5%, 85.4%, 96.6%, and 82.8%, respectively).Conclusions:Acarbose may have advantages over other antihyperglycemic drugs in lowering blood testosterone. GLP-1RAs are more helpful to improve body mass index and HOMA-IR in PCOS patients. Inositol, as an insulin sensitizer, has a favorable effect on reducing fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, blood total cholesterol, and blood triglycerides, and there are no reports of side effects in current researches. Further study is still needed to confirm its efficacy.

This paper was aimed to study medication laws of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) towards rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on modern medicine literatures. The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data knowledge service platform and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals were searched from January 2000 to December 2016 for relevant literatures on TCM for treatment of RA. The results showed that the database was established and the data were analyzed with statistics method including frequency analysis and cluster analysis. Finally, a total of 292 articles, 214 kinds of herbs were included, with a total frequency of 5071 for herbs. The results of frequency analysis, showed that tonic drugs, medicine for eliminating wind and dampness, drug for invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis were the main medications, followed by heat-cleaning drug, relieving external syndrome drug, and dampness-draining drug. The most common tastes of high frequency were sweet, pungent and bitter. The most common natures were warm and mild. The related meridians included the liver meridian, spleen meridian and kidney meridian. It was concluded that the cluster analysis showed medicines in the core group were as following: Astragalus, Licorice, Chinese angelica, Monkshood, Cassia twig, Coix seed, Radix saposhnikoviae, Radix gentianae macrophyllae, Notopterygium, Caulis spatholobi, Rhizoma ligustici wallichii, Twotooth achyranthes root, and Radix clematidis. The common combinations of RA drugs were summarized by association analysis. The medication law of RA treatment is to enrich consumptive disease and support healthy energy, to tonify the liver and kidney, to dispel wind and eliminate dampness, to remove blood stasis and dredge collaterals.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease caused by abnormal accumulation of fat in the hepatocytes. Its prevalence is rising globally and has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifaceted, involving insulin resistance, genetic and epigenetic factors, chronic systemic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, diet, gut microbiota, and other significant contributors. This article primarily delves into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the development of NAFLD, aiming to provide new insights and therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.