AIM: To investigate the role of regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune dry eye and to analyze the expression of endogenous regulatory T cells and related cytokines in the lacrimal system to provide a more effective treatment for autoimmune dry eye disease treatment programs.

METHODS: Rabbit lacrimal gland epithelial cells isolated and cultured for a period of time were separately cultured and mixed with isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes in a ratio of 1: 1 and cultured with 5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine(BrdU)to detect the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the activated autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes were transferred to donor rabbits via ear vein. The rabbits were used as the rabbit model of autoimmune dry eye and the normal rabbits which did not induce the disease as the control group. Before and after the experiment, tear film rupture time and tear secretion at 2,4,6,8wk,were observed. At 4 wk after the transfusion the rabbits were sacrificed for the collection of bilateral upper and lower lacrimal gland and conjunctiva, and pathological HE staining, and then extract the total RNA in lacrimal gland. The expression of IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-γ was detected.

RESULTS: BrdU detected peripheral lymphocyte proliferation rate of 3.72. Compared with the normal group, the time of rupture of the tear film decreased(P<0.05), and the tear of the model group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). The expression of IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-γ and IL-6 in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The expression of IL-10 and TGF-β was significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). The ratio of CD4⁺ CD2⁺ Treg cells in lacrimal gland tissue and spleen was higher in control group. The proportion of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells in model group decreased(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-γ play important roles in inflammatory reaction of lacrimal gland and the immunodepression active by CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg cells decreases when the rabbit model of dry eye is involved.

AIM: To investigate the effect of aflibercept on the expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3)in rat retinal Müller cells.

METHODS: The rat retinal Müller cells treated with different concentrations of Aflibercept 100 μL(diluted concentrations of 400, 200, 100 pg/mL, respectively). MTT assay were used to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry. Apoptosis were detected by the instrument, cell invasion were detected by transwell chamber method, and protein(AKT, STAT3, GAPDH)expression were detected by Western-blot method.

RESULTS: The proliferation activity of Müller cells were decreased with the increased of aflibercept concentration, and compared the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05). After treatment for 48h, the apoptotic rate of Müller cells were gradually increased with the increased of aflibercept concentration, and the invasion and penetration index of Müller cells gradually were decreased, and compared the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05). After 48 h of transfection, the relative expression of AKT protein in Müller cells were not change significantly with the increased of Aflibercept concentration(P>0.05), and the relative expression of STAT3 protein decreased gradually, and compared the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Aflibercept can inhibit the expression of STAT3 protein in rat retinal Müller cells, thereby inhibit cell proliferation and invasion and promote apoptosis.

AIM: To analyze the influence factors of high intraocular pressure after laser epithelial keratomileusis(LASEK), and to discuss the clinical treatment and prognosis of the high intraocular pressure patients.

METHODS: A retrospective study was used. From August 2013 to February 2016, 160 LASEK patients(160 eyes)in our hospital were selected. Visual acuity after operation was recorded. The incidence and influence factors of high intraocular pressure were investigated. The treatment method and prognosis of high intraocular pressure were recorded.

RESULTS: In the 160 patients, all patients had complete epithelial flap and different degree of photophobia. There were 19 patients with postoperative photophobia, conjunctival hyperemia and foreign body sensation significantly. At postoperative 3mo, average intraocular pressure were 18.40±4.98mmHg, which was higher than that of preoperative, 16.27±2.24mmHg(P<0.05), and at postoperative 3mo, visual acuity was significantly higher than preoperative(P<0.05). There were 9 patients with postoperative steroid induced ocular hypertension, the incidence rate was 5.6%; Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the cutting depth(OR=3.209), maximum diameter of curvature(OR=3.071)and fundus C/D(OR=9.224)value were the main risk factors leading to postoperative steroid induced ocular hypertension(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The postoperative steroid induced ocular hypertension in LASEK is common, but has no obvious effect on visual acuity. The cutting depth, maximum diameter, curvature fundus C/D value were the main influencing factors, so we should careful use the hormone drugs in treatment and prevention. Periodic review and detection for change of intraocular pressure are needed.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Aflibercept on the K+ channel of retinal Müller cell membrane cultured in vitro.

METHODS: Human Müller cells were divided into 3 groups(control group, high glucose group and experimental group). The control group were cultured in conventional DMEM medium; the high glucose group were cultured in high glucose DMEM medium; the experimental group were cultured with high glucose DMEM medium and 100μmol/L Aflibercept, and the K+ concentration of the cells were detected by MQAE, and the cell survival were detected by MTT assay, the flow cytometry were used to detect apoptosis rates, Western blot analysis were used to detect the Müller cell caspase-3 protein levels.

RESULTS: The Müller cells were positive for glutamine synthetase(GS)after 48h of culture, and the purification degree were above 90%. The relative concentrations of K+ in the control group, high glucose group and experimental group were(2.14±0.44)%,(23.11±4.39)%,(5.20±0.92)%, and cell viability were(100.00±0.00)%, respectively(73.24±4.13)%,(85.22±5.33)%, the apoptosis rates were(5.03±1.91)%,(26.73±3.14)%,(16.63±2.73)%, and compared the differences between two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the level of caspase-3 protein in the high glucose group Müller cells were increased significantly(P<0.05); compared with the high glucose group Müller cells, the caspase-3 protein level in the experimental group Müller cells were decreased significantly(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Aflibercept can inhibit the K+ channel of retinal Müller cells in vitro, inhibit the apoptosis of Müller cells induced by high glucose, decrease the expression of caspase-3 protein, and promote cell proliferation.

Sleep deprivation refers to the loss of sleep caused by self-inflicted or external factors. There is increasing evidence that pregnancy is prone to sleep deprivation, which not only disrupts maternal functions but also affects offspring′s cognitive function. This article reviews the effects of sleep deprivation during pregnancy on offspring cognition and its underlying mechanisms, in order to establish a foundation for developing scientifically sound sleep strategies during pregnancy and to provide clinical insights for improving the neurodevelopment and cognitive function of offspring.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of hyperthermia on expressions of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113 and its MDR cell line Tca8113/CBDEA and intracellular ADM concentration.

METHODSCell lines were hyperthermia-treated (42 degrees C for 0.5 h), 4 h and 24 h later real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected expressions of MDR relative genes (MDR1, MRPI, GST-pi) and HTS 7000 Plus Bio Assay Reader measured intracellular ADM concentration.

RESULTSExpressions of MDR1, MRPI, GST-'pi genes in Tca8113/CBDEA significantly descended at 4 h and 24 h post-hyperthermia (P < 0.01). Expressions of MDR1, MRP1 genes in Tca8113 significantly descended at 4 h and 24 h post-hyperthermia (P < 0.05), but there was not statistical difference between 4 h and 24 h post-hyperthermia. GST-pi expression had not statistical descent at 4 h, but there was significantly descend at 24 h post-hyperthermia (P < 0.01). Drug tolerance decreased and hyperthermia increased intracellular drug concentration in Tca8113/CBDEA and Tca8113 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHyperthermia enhance chemotherapy effect and reverse MDR genes expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line. It is suggested that hyperthermia could be used as a method to overcome MDR, which is worth more investigation.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Tongue Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tolterodine Tartrate combined with the alpha-receptor blocker in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with detrusor overactivity (BPH-DO).

METHODSA total of 113 patients with BPH-DO were randomly assigned to receive Tolterodine Tartrate combined with Cardura (Group A) and Cardura alone (Group B), both for 12 weeks. Then we recorded and compared their average 24 h urinary frequency, IPSS and QOL score, maximum urinary flow rate, residual urine volume and urinary retention times before and after the treatment.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, Group A showed significantly better improvement in the average 24 h urinary frequency and scores on IPSS and QOL than Group B. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the maximum urinary flow rate and residual urine volume. No acute urinary retention occurred in either group.

CONCLUSIONThe combined use of Tolterodine Tartrate and the alpha-receptor blocker can effectively relieve the symptoms of dysuria, urinary frequency and urinary urgency in patients with BPH-DO, with neither significant adverse effects on the maximum flow rate and residual urine volume nor increase in the incidence of acute urinary retention.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Aged ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Cresols ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Muscarinic Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Phenylpropanolamine ; therapeutic use ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Tolterodine Tartrate ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; complications ; drug therapy

AIM: To investigate the effects of placement of the absorbable packing material Nasopore around the anastomosis site on postoperative re-bleeding, discomfort, and on the success rate of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy(En-DCR).METHODS: Prospective randomized controlled study. A total of 101 patients(101 eyes)diagnosed with chronic dacryocystitis that underwent En-DCR in the ophthalmology department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine from November 2020 to October 2021 were collected. The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to whether they were packed with Nasopore at the end of operation, namely, the packed group(49 eyes)and the non-packed group(52 eyes). The postoperative follow-up was 9 mo, the degree of re-bleeding, discomfort, and postoperative success rate(including anatomical success rate and functional success rate)were compared between the two groups of patients.RESULTS: This study included 94 patients, including 45(45 eyes)and 49(49 eyes)in packed group and non-packed group, respectively. The En-DCR was performed successfully in all patients. Postoperative re-bleeding occurred in 1 eye(2%)in the packed group, and 9 eyes(18%)in the non-packed group(P<0.05); postoperative nasal discomfort occurred in 2 cases(4%)in the packed group, and 9 cases(18%)in the non-packed group(P<0.05); The success rate of postoperative anatomical success rate was 93%(42/45)in the packed group and 88%(43/49)in the non-packed group(P>0.05). The postoperative functional success rate was 89%(40/45)in the packed group and 86%(42/49)in the non-packed group(P>0.05). Other complications such as orbital fat prolapse, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, sinusitis, visual impairment and double vision were not observed in all patients during the follow-up.CONCLUSION: Nasal packing absorbable material Nasopore around the anastomosis at the end of En-DCR operation can reduce postoperative re-bleeding and postoperative discomfort of patients, and it has no obvious effect on the postoperative success rate.

Objective To investigate the importance of conditional control on the results of binary Logistic regression analysis.Methods 664 male patients diagnosed with CHD and 400 healthy controls who visited the Department of Cardiology at People's Hospital of Yuxi City in Yunnan province from October 2010 to March 2013were enrolled consecutively in this case-control study, and 14 physiological and biochemical indexes[including:age,UA,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,APOA1,APOB100,Lp(a),HCY, TBIL,DBIL,IBIL,γ-GT]were collected.The correlations and differences in mathematical model results between physiological,biochemical indexes and CHD were compared by binary Logistic regression analysis under different statistical analysis strategies and then the model was analyzed by the ROC curve.Results (1)With no conditional control,all of the 14 physiological and biochemical indexes were directly inputted in the binary Logistic regression analysis,and after 11 steps regression analysis,11 indexes[age,UA,TG, HDL-C,LDL-C,APOA1,APOB100, Lp(a), HCY, DBIL, γ-GT]were retained.Because of the self-correcting ability of the binary Logistic regression analysis, relatively satisfactory results can be obtained. However,someof the resultsarehard to explain.(2)According to the application conditions of Logistic regression analysis,after performing the normality test, difference analysis and correlation analysis of these indexes, using condition analysis and control, considering the distribution characteristics of the indexes, excluding internal confounding factors among variables,9 more independent indexes[age,UA,TC,lnTG, lnLp(a),lnHCY,HDL-C,LDL-C and TBIL]were selected for Logistic regression analysis.After 7 steps regression analysis,7 indexes[age, UA, HDL-C, lnTG, lnLp(a), lnHCY and lnTBIL]were finally selected,and the area under the curve is 0.927.Conclusion When the binary Logistic regression analysis was used to confirm risk factors and establish risk assessment models for complex diseases, it is better to adopt strict conditional control to improve the reliability and validity of the analysis.

OBJECTIVETo observe the role of magnesium sulfate in vascular calcification, to explore the role and the mechanism of magnesium sulfate in vascular calcification.

METHODSThe vascular calcification model was established by administration of vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN) in SD rats. To estimate the extent of calcification by Von Kossa staining, calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin (OPN) mRNA were determined by using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.The malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) content and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured by biochemistry.

RESULTSA strong positive staining of black/brown areas among the elastic fibers of the medial layer in calcified aorta by Von Kossa staining, calcium content and ALP activity in calcified arteries increased by 3.9-and 3.4-fold as compared with the controls. The expression of OPN mRNA was up-regulated by 40% (P < 0.01). The lipid peroxidation products MDA in vascular were increased 2.0-fold (P < 0.01). The NO content and SOD activity were greatly decreased by 64% and 72% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared with controls. However, calcium content and ALP activity in VDN plus magnesium sulfate group were lower than those in VDN group. Low and high dosage magnesium sulfate obviously relieved degree of calcification in the cardiovascular tissues in a dosage-dependent manner (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMagnesium sulfate plays a role in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification by reducing vascular calcification and decreasing vascular injury.

Animals ; Cholecalciferol ; adverse effects ; Magnesium ; pharmacology ; Male ; Nicotine ; adverse effects ; Osteopontin ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Vascular Calcification ; chemically induced ; pathology