Professor CHAO En-xiang thinks that several rules should be obeyed when we treat gangrenous appendicitis complication with paralytic ileus and ARDS.Firstly,we should adhere to the TCM characteristics of the holistic concept and treatment based on syndrome of differentiation.Secondly,we should formulate therapeutic method according to major pathogenesis.Thirdly,we should use drugs flexibly according to the patient's specific situation.Professor CHAO En-xiang considered it was the syndrome of dysfunctional activity of qi,fu qi being obstructed,dysfunction of middle-jiao in transportation.The therapeutical principle was regulating qi activity,dredging intestines and relieving distention.Nasal feeding with Dachengqi decoction adding Agastache rugosa,Tatarian Aster,paste umbilicus with mud of shallot stalk,fresh ginger,fennel and enema with Radix Aucklandiae.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy ofTiaozhong YifeiPrescription combined with Western therapy for treatment of cough variant asthma (CVA) remission. Methods Totally 90 patients with CVA remission were randomly divided into TCM group, Western therapy group and TCM and Western therapy group, 30 cases in each group. TCM group was givenTiaozhong YifeiPrescription, 1 dose per day, morning and evening; Western therapy group was given salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation, each 1 suction, 2 times a day, inhalation; a mixture ofTiaozhong YifeiPrescription and xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation was given to TCM and Western therapy group, the same as above, continuous treatment for 12 weeks. TCM syndrome score, EOS, IgE, pulmonary function and safety index were observed in the three groups before and after treatment. The recurrence rate and the number of colds after three-month treatment were observed.Results TCM syndrome scores in the three groups decreased after treatment (P<0.05). There was statistical significance between TCM group and TCM and Western therapy group after treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate of TCM group was 96.67% (29/30), 100.00% (30/30) of Western therapy group, 76.67% (23/30) of TCM and Western therapy group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). After three-month treatment, 1, 0 and 11 cases relapsed in TCM group, TCM and Western therapy group and Western therapy group, respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.001). Compared with the Western therapy group, the number of colds in the TCM group and TCM and Western therapy group significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, IgE decreased significantly (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in EOS among the three groups before and after treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the maximum expiratory flow in TCM and Western therapy groupwas higher than that before treatment and lower than that in the Western therapy group (P<0.01), and the other lung function indexes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). 1 mild adverse reaction was found in the TCM and Western therapy, and no obvious adverse reactions were found in other groups (P<0.05).ConclusionTiaozhong Yifei Prescription has good clinical efficacy for CVA.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5) and interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis and gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier function.Methods:A total of 126 patients with ulcerative colitis in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 were collected, according to the condition, there were 76 patients in the active phase and 50 patients in the remission phase, another 50 patients with intestinal polyps were taken as controls, intestinal mucosal tissues were collected from patients in three groups. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect the expression of TRAF5 and IRF5, the relationship between the expression of TRAF5 and IRF5 in intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis and clinical symptoms, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier function indicators was analyzed. Spearman method was applied for correlation analysis.Results:The positive expression rates of TRAF5 and IRF5 in intestinal mucosa of patients with active phase and remission phase ulcerative colitis were higher than those of patients with intestinal polyps: 85.53% (65/76) and 80.00% (40/50) vs. 40.00% (20/50), 81.58% (62/76) and 76.00% (38/50) vs. 50.00% (25/50), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); the expression of TRAF5 and IRF5 in intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis was related to diarrhea, abdominal pain, purulent stool, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Baron endoscopic score, inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire score, Mayo index score and Geboes index ( P<0.05). Compared with patients with negative expression of TRAF5 and IRF5, patients with positive expression of TRAF5 and IRF5 had fewer bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and more enterobacteria and enterococcus: (8.72 ± 0.43) cfu/g vs. (6.85 ± 0.47) cfu/g, (9.74 ± 0.31) cfu/g vs. (8.26 ± 0.27) cfu/g, (9.73 ± 0.46) cfu/g vs. (11.06 ± 0.48) cfu/g, (7.64 ± 0.31) cfu/g vs. (8.47 ± 0.34) cfu/g; (8.82 ± 0.44) cfu/g vs. (6.73 ± 0.47) cfu/g, (9.13 ± 0.30) cfu/g vs. (8.22 ± 0.27) cfu/g, (11.09 ± 0.48) cfu/g vs. (9.87 ± 0.46) cfu/g, (7.76 ± 0.32) cfu/g vs. (8.48 ± 0.34) cfu/g, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of diamine oxidase, lipopolysaccharide and D-lactic acid in patients with positive expression of TRAF5 and IRF5 were obviously higher than those in patients with negative expression of TRAF5 and IRF5: (12.18 ± 2.75) mg/L vs. (7.56 ± 2.49) mg/L, (76.14 ± 13.86) ng/L vs. (37.57 ± 12.51) ng/L, (18.15 ± 4.83) U/L vs. (9.87 ± 3.25) U/L; (12.39 ± 2.72) mg/L vs. (7.65 ± 2.66) mg/L, (77.21 ± 13.79) ng/L vs. (40.87 ± 13.04) ng/L, (18.36 ± 4.75) U/L vs. (10.67 ± 3.86)U/L, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The expression of TRAF5 in the intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis was negatively correlated with the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli ( r = - 0.645 and - 0.646; P<0.05), and positively correlated with the number of enterobacteria, number of enterococcus, diamine oxidase, lipopolysaccharide and D-lactic acid ( r = 0.629, 0.589, 0.509, 0.606 and 0.596; P<0.05). The expression of IRF5 was negatively correlated with the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli ( r = - 0.701 and - 0.690; P<0.05), and positively correlated with the number of enterobacteria, number of enterococcus, diamine oxidase, lipopolysaccharide and D-lactic acid ( r = 0.690, 0.624, 0.605, 0.595 and 0.568; P<0.05). Conclusions:The positive rates of TRAF5 and IRF5 in intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis is high, which is closely related to the imbalance of gut microbiota and the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function.

As a typical food safety industrial model strain, Bacillus subtilis has been widely used in the field of metabolic engineering due to its non-pathogenicity, strong ability of extracellular protein secretion and no obvious codon preference. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology and genetic engineering technology, a variety of research strategies and tools have been used to construct B. subtilis chassis cells for efficient synthesis of biological products. This review introduces the research progress of B. subtilis from the aspects of promoter engineering, gene editing, genetic circuit, cofactor engineering and pathway enzyme assembly. Then, we also summarized the application of B. subtilis in the production of biological products. Finally, the future research directions of B. subtilis are prospected.
Bacillus subtilis/genetics* ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics* ; Gene Editing ; Metabolic Engineering ; Promoter Regions, Genetic