Objective To review multi-center experience on rescue use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) in pediatric patients with respiratory failure and to investigate its short-term outcome in China.Methods The survey was conducted in 4 tertiary hospitals in China mainland.All children<18 years old who had been supported with non-open chest ECMO to rescue respiratory failure in PICU were reviewed.Results Twenty-one patients with ECMO support were diagnosed respiratory failure.Male was 14,female was 7.Twelve patients successfully weaned off ECMO, 8 patients survived to discharge and 13 died.The largest part of protopathy was severe pneumonia(33%)and acute respiratory distress syndrome(29%).Their mean age was 29.0(9.0,81.5)months, mean weight was 12.0(9.0,20.8)kg,and mean OI index was 31.5(19.2,41.0).The average length of ECMO run was 149.0(91.2,242.0)hours.The blood gas analysis showed that PO2 increased from 49.5(40.4,61.9)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa) at the beginning to 65.0(42.6,120.5)mmHg at 24h after ECMO treatment,and the increase of PO2 was higher in the survival compared with the nonsurvival[52.0(1.8,89.4) mmHg vs.8.2(-15.1,33.9) mmHg,P=0.036].The SO2 increased from 80.0%(70.4%,91.8%)at ECMO initiation to 98.0%(95.6%,100%)at 24h after ECMO treatment,and increase of SO2 was higher in survival group compared to that of nonsurvival group[23.5%(11.4%,27.1%) vs.4.3%(2.4%,23.8%),P=0.039].VV mode had higher survival rate than VA mode(3/3 vs.5/18).The longer the use of ventilator before ECMO,the mortality rate increased as well.The mechanical ventilation time before ECMO was significantly longer in nonsurvival group than that in the survival group[4.5(2.5,12.0)h vs.1.6(1.0,2.2)h,P=0.015].The most common complications during ECMO run were bleeding and disfunction of oxygenator.Conclusion ECMO is an effective support treatment for the pediatric patients with respiratory failure,which significantly improves oxygenation.

Fulminant myocarditis is characterized by acute hemodynamic disorder, with rapid progress and high mortality.This article reviewed the current diagnostic criteria, the development of diagnostic techniques, as well as the development of current immunological, antiviral, and mechanical circulation adjuvant therapy for fulminant myocarditis in children.

Fulminant myocarditis is characterized by acute hemodynamic disorder,with rapid pro﹣gress and high mortality. This article reviewed the current diagnostic criteria,the development of diagnostic techniques,as well as the development of current immunological,antiviral,and mechanical circulation adju﹣vant therapy for fulminant myocarditis in children.