Congenital clubfoot(CCF), which is also known as equines deformity, is a common congenital malformation that affect children′s life quality. However, its cause is still to be elucidated. Currently, polygenetic and environmental fac?tors are both believed to play important roles in CCF pathogenesis. Several genes including HOX, PITX1, NAT2, P63, DTDS and COL9A were shown to contribute to congenital clubfoot, but which is the most critical gene remains unclear. Several re?ports have revealed that Hox genes are closely related to the cause of CCF. Hox genes are regulators of body morphogenesis, and its mutation result in limbs and trunk deformity in human. Here, we systematically reviewed the latest literature that stud?ied the role of Hox genes in pathogenesis of Congenital clubfoot, with the prospect of laying a foundation for its future clinic treatment.

Objective To analyse the cause of constipation and evaluate the diagnostic value of colonic transit test and defecography for constipation diagnosis. Methods 110 cases with constipation were studied with colonic transit test and defecography. Results Abnormal colonic transit in 79 cases and defecography in 53 cases, overpassing the integrated analysis for the result of colonic transit test and defecography, the 40 cases were colonic inertia and 53 cases were function outlet obstruction. Conclusion The associated application of colonic transit test and defecography could be more accurate to differentiate constipations which are colonic inertia or function outlet obstruction and more specific the pathogeny of function outlet obstruction, to offer reliable foundation for the clinical cure.

Objective To explore the possible correlations under the interaction of multi-genes action at different stages and analyze the primary histophotomacrographic changes of hind buds tissue in congenital clubfoot and the pathodynamic developmental procedure.MethodsSeventy-seven female Wistar rats were administered with retinoic acid on the 10th day after pregnancy. And the hindlimb, buds and spinal cord were detected through transmission electron microscopic and molecular biological experiments.ResultsThere was clubfoot-like deformity in 61.8% of the experimental animals. Persistence of the embryonic position of the talus and tibia in fetuses was observed. Poor overlapping between talus and calcaneus was seen. Cell apoptosis at the anterior corner of spinal cord and hind buds were seen.ConclusionCongenital clubfoot deformities appear at early stage and exaggerate along with developmental procedure.

Objective To compare the pass rates of two primary hearing screening times and to determine the appropriate screening time.Methods The newborns born in 2004 and 2005 at our hospital were divided into two groups: group A and group B.Group A received hearing screening with distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE) on the 3rd day after birth,while group B screened in one month after birth.The newborns who failed the initial screening were rescreened one month later.The babies with positive screening findings were referred to full auditory assessments.Results Group A(n=2 305) had pass rate 81.9% at the initial screening and 85.2% at rescreening.Group B(n=1 348) had pass rate 93.9%(?2=103.99,P

As the research work went further and more detailed, a variety of new treatments compete to come out.However, it remains unclear that how the antigen works to distinguish cancer cells and normal cells.Neoantigen, which is located in the tumor cell surface of a specific antigen, its presence makes human immunotherapy into new areas which may make personalized treatment possible in the near future.Emerging data suggest that the identification of such newantigens is a major factor in clinical immunotherapy.They can form a biomarker in cancer immunotherapy to provide targets for a variety of therapeutic approaches to attack, which allows T cells to selectively enhance the immune response against this class of antigens.

Objective To investigate the functional polarization of T cells in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods Forty five cases of OSAHS children were chosen to undergo tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.Preoperative analyses of peripheral blood Th1 /Th2 ratio and Tc1 /Tc2 ratio were compared with those of normal children and those of postoperative 6 months for observation of the change of T cells.Th1/Th2 ratio and Tc1/Tc2 ratio were detected by flow cytometry.Results The preoperative ratio of Th1 cells in children with OSAHS was significantly lower than normal children [(9.66 ± 3.73) ％ vs (13.34 ± 4.36) ％,P ＜ 0.05],while the preoperative ratio of Th2 cells was significantly higher than normal children [(3.42 ± 1.64) ％ vs (2.53 ± 1.97) ％,P ＜ 0.05],which made the Thl/Th2 ratio lower than normal children (3.51 ± 1.53 vs 5.41 ±2.17,P ＜0.05).At the 6th month after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy,the postoperative ratio of Th1 cells was significantly higher than preoperative ratio [(12.99 ± 3.68) ％ vs (9.66 ± 3.73) ％,P ＜ 0.05],while the postoperative ratio of Th2 cells was lower than preoperative ratio [(2.62 ± 1.88) ％ vs (3.42 ± 1.64) ％,P ＜ 0.05],which made the postoperative Th1 /Th2 ratio higher than preoperative ratio (5.15 ± 1.86 vs 3.51 ± 1.53,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in Tc1 /Tc2 ratio between the OSAHS children and normal children.Conclusions Functional polarization of T cells was abnormal in OSAHS children accompanied by the predomination of Th2 cells and the normal Tc cell polarization.Functional polarization of T cells can return to normal at the 6th month after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

Objective To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) in pulmonary tissues of the smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods The subjects were assigned into three groups:non-smokers without COPD (control group,n =12),smokers without COPD (smoker group,n =13) and smokers with COPD (COPD group,n =16).The specimens were obtained from lung tissues as far away from cancer focus as possible (＞ 5cm).Real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the expression and distribution of MIF in pulmonary tissues.The relationship between the severity of airflow obstruction and the differential expressions of MIF in lung tissues of the smokers with or without COPD was analyzed.Results (1) MIF mRNA expression in COPD group (4.87 ± 1.79) was higher than that in the smoker group (2.16 ±0.72;P＜0.01),which was higher than that in the control group (1.09 ±0.48;P ＜0.01).(2)Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that MIF protein expression in lung tissues of the COPD group (0.277±0.025) was higher than that in the smokers group (0.199 ±0.034;P ＜0.01),which was significantly higher than that in control group (0.130 ±0.021 ;P ＜0.01).(3) Correlation analysis of MIF mRNA expression in the lung tissues and pulmonary function parameters of forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) percentage of predicted (FEV1 pred) and ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) suggested that MIF mRNA expression in the lung tissues was negatively related with FEV1 pred (r=-0.578,P ＜ 0.01) and FEV1/FVC (r =-0.607,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions MIF expression significantly increases in the smokers with COPD,and MIF level in the lung is positively correlated with airflow limitation.The results suggest that MIF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of smokinginduced COPD.

Objective To explore the influence of the number and orientation of the beams on the optimization of IMRT plan.Methods Four IMRT plans were designed for 9 patients with cervical cancer,and 7 and 15 fields were applied.The 15-field plans had 30 segments and the 7-field plans had 55 segments.The initial beam angle degrees were 0° and 180°,respectively.Dose delivery time,MUs of plans,the dose distributions of the targets,organs at risk and normal tissues were analyzed and compared in the plans.Results Compared the plans with different beam directions under the same amount,no difference of the irradiation dosimetry in the target and organs at risk was found,except for irradiation dosimetry received by the 7-field 180° small intestine was about 4％ higher than the other three plans(F=6.164,P＜0.05).The terms of the volume of organs at risk got high dose irradiation(V40 and V30 of the rectum and bladder,V40 of the small intestine),which was similar in the 7-and 15-field plans.V20 and Dmean of organs at risk were significantly smaller(F=3.665-10.503,P＜0.05)in the 15-field plans.The 15-field plans needed a little longer treatment time(F=0.312,P＜0.05)and HI was slightly worse (F=12.933,P＜0.05),but the number of MUs was significantly reduced(F=4.650,P＜0.05).Conclusions Increasing the beam number will offset the negative impact of sub field reduction and get the similar dose distribution result.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans

BACKGROUND:Tripterygium hypoglaucum(Levl.)Hutch (THH) has been accurately confirmed a good clinical therapeutic effect for rheumatoid arthritis(RA).However.functionaI mechanism of THH remains unclearly.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of THH on proliferation and apoptosis of macrophage-like synoviocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with RA and to explore its dose-effect relation.DESIGN.TIME AND SETTING:In vitro cytology grouping controlled observation was performed in the Center Laboratory of the First Clinical College of Shantou University and the Laboratory for Cellular Biology of Southern MedicaI University from August 2003 to June 2007.MATERIALS:Synovium was obtained from 6 patients with RA and 3 normaI synovial samples.All samples sourced from patients admitted in Department of Orthopaedics.the First Clinical College of Shantou University and in Spinal and Joint Surgery of Nanfang Hospital.The water extracts of THH contained 0.667 g/mL crude drug.METHODS:Synovial cells were isolated by digesting synovial tissue with collagenase.CD68+and CD68-synoviocytes were sorted from synovial cells by Dynabeads(magnetic celI sorting)from the 2~(nd)-4~(th) passages of synoviocyes.After 72 hours incubation,all groups of isolated synoviocytes were cultured in culture medium containing the flnaI concentrations of 0 mL/L,5 mL/L,1 0 mL/L and 20 mL/L of THH for 24 and 48 hours,respectively,and the common culture medium was sewed as the control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The morphology of synoviocytes were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).In vitro cell growth was assessed by the MTT assay,and synoviocytes apoptosis was evaluated using temlinaI deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)assay and a flow cytometry.RESULTS:CD68~+ synoviocytes were appeared macrophage-like and CD68~- synoviocytes were exhibited fibroblast-like.After incubated with THH,some synoviocytes presented the volume of cells deflated,progressively destruction of cell membrane,microvillus or pseudopodium tended to be decreased even disappeared,and apoptosis bodies appeared.When incubated with 2% THH,proliferation inhibiUon and inducing apoptosis could be observed;it showed that THH had the cytotoxic effect on synoviocytes.The effect of proliferation inhibition and inducing apoptosis on CD68-and CD68+synoviocytes from RA patients was more significantly than that from normal arthritis (P<0.01).When incubated with 1%THH.proliferation inhibition and inducing apoptosis on synoviocytes from RA patients also could be found(P<0.01),but not found on normal synoviocytes(P>0.05).Compared with the negative controI group.proliferation inhibition was no significant difference On all groups with the low dose (≤5 mL/L) of THH(P>0.05).Furthermore,the effect of proliferation inhibition and inducing apoptosis on synoviocytes decreased in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.The inhibition rate of synoviocytes also could be found positively correlated with apoptosis rate aftat treatment of THH(r=0.497,P<0.01).CONCLUSlON:THH have cytotoxic effect on rheumatoid synoviocytes and normal synoviocytes.it can inhibit macrophage-like synoviocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes from RA on proliferation and induce them to apoptosis.In the some contraction of THH.proliferation Inhibition and inducing apoptosis can be occur on synoviocytes from RA but not on normal synoviocytes.