Objective To study the clinical manifestations and pathological features of distal myopathies, we investigated 71 distal myopathy patients collected in the past 16 years.Methods Clinical manifestations and pathological features of biopsied muscle specimens were summarized and analysed retrospectively. Results Twenty-six of the 71 patients were of Nonaka type, 38 of Miyoshi type, 2 of tibial muscular dystrophy (TMD) type, 4 of Welander type, and 1 of oculophayngodistal myopathy (OPDM) type. Nonaka type is a sporadic or autosomal recessively inherited disorder with preferential involvement of the anterior tibial muscles. In the 26 patients with Nonaka myopathy, the onset age ranged from 8 to 39 years, averaging 24 years, and the disease was rather rapidly progressive. Sternocleidomastoid, biceps brachii muscle, pectoralis major muscle and quadriceps femoris were also involved as the disease advanced. The serum CK was slightly elevated or normal. Muscle biopsies showed rimmed vacuoles markedly without obvious dystrophic features. 15-20-nm cytoplasmic and nuclear filaments were usually seen on electron microscope. The patients with Miyoshi type were characterized clinically by sporadic or autosomal recessive inheritance, preferential gastrocnemius muscle involvement, and dystrophic muscle pathology. Rimmed vacuoles were occasionally seen. Average age of onset was 23 years (range of 8-41 years). As the disease advanced, patients with Miyoshi myopathy occasionally showed apparent proximal muscle involvement. Serum CK was markedly elevated, ranging from 3-180 times than the normal. Welander type was found in four cases. Onset age was from 30 to 46 years. Weakness always began in the finger and wrist extensors. As the disease progressed, symptoms were spreading to the distal lower extremities slowly. The serum CK level was normal or only slightly elevated. Muscle biopsies showed dystrophic features, with rimmed vacuoles occasionally. The oneset ages of two patients with TMD were from 41 to 42 years. Weakness was confined mainly to the anterior tibial muscle. Muscle biopsies revealed fibre necrosis and regeneration. Rimmed vacuoles were present significantly. OPDM was found in a 38-year-old-onset patient with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by the weakness of distal lower extremity and development of extraocular muscles, vocal cord and pharyngeal muscle weakness. Muscle biopsies showed rimmed vacuoles without fibre necrosis.Conclusion Five types of distal myopathies were present in China, and Miyoshi and Nonaka myopathies were more common. The clinical and pathological findings of Chinese distal myopthies should be basically similar to those reported by other countries.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion in treating deglutition disorders after cerebral stroke.Method By computer and manual literature retrieval, eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were collected for systematic review by using the Cochrane method, and the meta analysis was performed by using Revman 5.2.Result Nine studies were recruited, covering 577 subjects of deglutition disorders due to cerebral stroke. The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group [RR=0.36, 95%CI (0.25,0.50), Z=5.80 (P<0.00001)]. The treatment group was superior to the control group in improving the water drinking test (χ2=108.73,P<0.00001).Conclusion Acupuncture can produce a content therapeutic efficacy in treating deglutition disorders due to cerebral stroke, which still requires high-quality large-sample-size clinical RCTs for further verification.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of different needle-retaining lengths on the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in treating post-stroke shoulder pain.MethodSixty patients were randomized into a 30 min group and a 60 min group, 30 cases in each group. The same acupuncture treatment protocol was adopted in the two groups, and the acupuncture treatment was given once a day, 5 sessions a week, for 20 times in total. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), shoulder pain frequency, and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) were observed before treatment and after 4-week treatment.ResultThe scores of each index were significantly improved in both groups after treatment (P<0.01), and there were significant differences in comparing each index score between the two groups after treatment (P<0.05,P<0.01).ConclusionIn the treatment of post-stroke shoulder pain with acupuncture, 30 min needle-retaining is better than 60 min in comparing the analgesic effect.

Objective To study the clinical and pathological features of myofibrillar myopathy.Methods Clinical and pathological data of a patient with myofibrillar myopathy were anlysised retrospectively.Results The patient showed middle-aged onset,progressively proximal muscle weakness,mildly general muscle atrophy.Neurogenic changers were found in lower extremities on EMG.On mucle biopsy,cytoplasmic bodies presented in many muscle fibers in which disorganized myofibrillar networks and abnormal desmin aggregates were found,and rimmed vacuoles appeared in muscle fibers.Conclusions There is no specificity of clinical manifestation in myofibrillar myopathy.Cytoplasmic bodies,disorganized myofibrillar networks and abnormal desmin aggregates are the distinctively pathological features in myofibrillar myopathy.

Objective To compare the effect of different needle-retaining time on post-stroke hypermyotonia in acupuncture treatment.Method Ninety patients with post-stoke hypermyotonia were randomized into group A, group B, and group C, 30 in each group. The three groups were all treated by the twelve hand-foot needling method from the thirteen therapies invented by acupuncture master WANG Le-ting, once a day, 5 times a week, 20 times in total. For group A, needles were removed right after needling qi arrived; for group B, needles were retained for 30 min after needling qi arrived; for group C, needles were retained for 60 min after needling qi arrived. The modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Clinical Spasticity Index (CSI), and Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FAS) were adopted for observation before and after intervention.Result After treatment, the MAS was significantly changed in all three groups (P<0.05). The CSI score and FAS score of the affected limb were significantly changed in all three groups after intervention (P<0.05). Both group A and B were significantly different from group C in comparing the CSI and FAS scores (P<0.05).Conclusion Compared to retaining needles for 60 min, acupuncture without retaining needles or retaining needles for 30 min can produce better effect in improving post-stroke hypermyotonia, spasticity, and motions of limbs.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of ethanol on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin sodium in rabbits METHODS:The serum concentrations of phenytoin sodium at different points of time were determined by UV-spectrophotometry in eight rabbits after administration of phenytoin sodium(10mg/kg)alone and in combination with ethanol RESULTS:After administration in combination with ethanol,the AUC of phenytoin sodium was significantly decreased from(4 108 64?1 039 98)mg/(min L) to (1 903 65?1 003 40)mg/(min L),Cmax from(29 0?2 94)mg/L to(16 0?5 9)mg/L,T1/2(ke) from(98 45?26 4)min to(82 84?25 5)min;but the apparent distribution volume(Vd)was obviously increased from(0 3 475?0 0 360)L/kg to(0 6 819?0 1 901)L/kg and the clearance rate(CL) from(0 0 026?0 0 008)ml/(kg?min)to(0 0 062?0 0 022)ml/(kg?min) CONCLUSION:The elimination of phenytoin sodium was significantly accelerated after simultaneous administration of ethanol in rabbits

OBJECTIVETo screen human monoclonal Fab fragments against HIV-1 gp120 peptide binding chemokine receptor.

METHODSA synthesized polypeptide containing 23 amino acid residues of the gp120 antigen epitope binding chemokine receptor was coated as the solid-phase antigen. After biopanning from the HIV-1 phage Fab antibody library, the acquired positive clones were tested and sequenced.

RESULTSOne clone of human phage Fab monoclonal antibody against HIV-1 gp120 polypeptide was acquired. It has high affinity, specificity and inhibition rate and it belongs to IgG I subclass and kappa type. Its Vh H and V kappa were derived from Vh III and V kappa III.

CONCLUSIONSThe human phage Fab fragment against HIV-1 gp120 antigen site binding chemokine receptor was acquired.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; genetics ; Antibodies, Viral ; genetics ; Bacteriophages ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; genetics ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Library ; Receptors, Chemokine ; metabolism ; Receptors, HIV ; immunology

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effects and side-effect of mesenchymal stem cell(MSCs) transplantation on spinal cord injury(SCI),traumatic brain injury(TBI),multiple sclerosis(MS) or Parkinson's disease(PD).MethodsThe bone marrow(222～350 ml) of 11 patients with SCI(n=6),TBI(n=3),MS(n=1) or PD(n=1) were harvested from the patients' ilia and then MNCs were isolated.The MNCs were injected intravenously or into subarachnoid space by lumbar puncture.The neural function and side-effect were observed before and after MSCs transplantation and the patients were followed up.ResultsThe data demonstrated the improvement of sense and motor function in 5 patients with SCI,one had no improvement by 2 months following-up.These patients' sense and motor levels improved obviously.Their muscle strength of lower extremity increased,the muscular tone decreased and urinary bladder function improved.Changes in neurological deficits and improvements in function may appear within 2 days after transplantation,most of them within 2 weeks.There were significantly amelioration in 3 patients with TBI treated with MSCs transplantation,one of them could walk with cane independently after 3 months.One's PVS score elevated from 5 to 8 scales after transplantation.The tremor was alleviated after 1 week,and the muscular tone decreased,which lead to reduce the dose of Madopar after 3 months,in patient with PD.The patient with MS showed no improvement in short time.The side-effect included fever(7/11),headache(2/11) and abdominal dissension(1/11).1 patient feel numb in his legs while injection into subarachnoid,and appeared meningeal stimulation after injection.ConclusionThere were significantly clinical effects in treatment of SCI,TBI,MS,and PD with MSCs transplantation in short time,and with few side-effect. The long-term clinical effects need more observation with larger samples.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) was proposed to deal with rotator cuff tear arthropathy in the 1970s and improved from 1985 to 1995 by Dr. Grammont who designed the contemporary type of reverse shoulder prosthesis successfully. The number of RSAs has grown rapidly over the past decade. Currently, the indications for RSA include, in addition to rotator cuff tear arthropathy, massive rotator cuff tears which can not be repaired, proximal humerus fractures or their sequelae, inflammatory shoulder disease, osteoarthritis with abnormal glenoid morphology, anatomic revision after failed total shoulder arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty, and shoulder tumors. Absolute contraindications to RSA include infection, complete axillary nerve palsy, neuropathic shoulder arthropathy, and glenoid bone loss. At present, the stability of the glenoid baseplate, an important factor affecting the incidence of postoperative complications, is mainly achieved by implantation of the screws for the glenoid baseplate base. Therefore, correct implantation of the screws is of great significance to reduce the complications in RSA.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of bilingual training on cognition for older adults. MethodsResearches about bilingual training for cognition for the older adults were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wanfang Data, and CNKI from 2011 to May, 2021, supplemented by references backtracking and manual retrieval. The data was extracted for analysis. ResultsA total of 21 researches were included from twelve countries, which published mainly on journals of medicine, neurology, psychology, biology, etc., in 2017 and 2019. Most of the researches were prospective researches and retrospective researches, and the targeted groups including healthy people, people with dementia and people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objects mainly involved the effects of bilingualism on cognition, the pathways and the limitations. ConclusionBilingual training may improve the cognition for older adults, through the brain connection related with memory, attention and execution, to delay the onset of AD or dementia; which may associate with the improvement of brain structure and function, including connectivity among regions, activation of cortical circuits, and structural integrity and plasticity. The effects are mainly on execution and perception, and delaying the cognitive decline, which appear in a short term. Bilingual training may finally promote language function, maintain the integrity of the brain structures, and compensate cognitive decline using more potential neural circuits. However, these researches need more uniform criteria for subjects, more reasonable control conditions, and more uniform paradigms.