Essential hypertension (EH) is an escalating problem for developed and developing countries.It is currently seen as a 'complex' genetic trait caused by multiple susceptibility genes which are modulated by gene-environment and gene-gene interactions.Over the past 10 years,mitochondrial defects have been implicated in a wide variety of degenerative diseases,aging,and cancer.Recently several studies showed that human essential hypertension has excess maternal transmission which suggests a possible mitochondrial involvement.However,the exact pathophysiology of mitochondrial DNA mutation (mtDNA) in essential hypertension still remains perplexing.With the application of a variety of imaging approaches and successive mouse model of mitochonddal diseases we convince that these problems will be resolved in the near future.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2008;5(1):60-64)

BACKGROUND: Interactive metronome (IM), also known as millisecond rhythm feedback, is a rehabilitative treatment technology supported by neural plasticity theory. Cerebral immediate feedback measured in milliseconds is helpful for understanding neurocognitive mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To overview the progress of IM applied in the rehabilitation of central nervous system. METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI (2001-2016), Medline (1989-2016) and Imedpub (2015-2017) databases using the keywords of millisecond rhythm feedback, cognition, motor behavior in English and Chinese, respectively. Data such as theoretical researches on cerebral timing function, the mechanism underlying IM affecting cerebral timing function, and IM operation skills and application were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 26 eligible articles were enrolled. IM is an objective assessment and training tool that improves neural synchronization and function. IM can accelerate the speed and the efficiency of processing information of white matter tracts, and enhance the function of attention control system in order to improve the disorder of the cerebral timing. IM achieves satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of learning disabilities in children, cognitive impairment after brain injury and cerebral stroke with hemiplegia in adults. Based on the traditional rehabilitative training in the central nervous system, IM addresses critical brain timing skills, which is a promising technology in the future rehabilitation of the central nervous system.

AIM:To study the changes of membrane mobility of primary cultured renal proximal tubular cells(PTC) induced by cisplatin and to explore the protective effect of taurine on the changes.METHODS:PTC were established in vitro.Cisplat_in-induced groups:PTC were incubated with cisplatin(6.5,13,26,52?mol/L) for 24h.Taurine groups:PTC were preincubated with taurine(0.1,1,10g/L) for 24h.Then cisplatin(26?mol/L) was added into the culture and continued to incubate for 24h.The membrane mobility of PTC was measured using DPH(1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene)as fluorescence probe.RESU_LTS:Cisplatin(13,26,52?mol/L) significantly increased the membrane mobility of PTC.The degree of fluorescence polarization(P),the anisotropy(?) and the microviscosity(?) of PTC were significantly reduced(P

Neonates are undergoing the transition period from fetal circulation to adult circulation, and the hemodynamic changes are complex.For premature infants(especially very low birth weight infants and extremely low birth weight infants), the cardiovascular systems are immature.Therefore, they are prone to hypotension at early postnatal stage.Hypotension may lead to multiple organ perfusion insufficience, cerebral lesion, and even death.However, it is not always accompanied by hypoperfusion.Before treatment, clinicians should evaluate the hemodynamics comprehensively.At present, there is no consensus on the definition and intervention threshold about hypotension in premature infants.This review summarizes the definitions and hemodynamic monitoring methods of hypotension in premature infants at early postnatal stage to provide references for diagnosis and treatments.

Objective To study the distribution and significance of free organophosphorus poisons (FOP)with different degrees of hudrosolubility in the blood and adipose tissues of poisoned rabbits.Methods Seventy two male livid blue rabbits with 2-2.5 kg body weight were divided into 3 groups as per the rabbits intoxicated with different kinds of organophosphorous given subcutaneously,namely monocrotophos(11.12 mg/kg)group,trichloffon(556.0 mg/kg)group and methyl parathion(37.05 mg/kg)group(n =24 in each).Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups(n =6,in each).Blood samples and adipose tissues were collected 1 h,6 h,24 h and 96 h after administration of organophosphorous.Blood cells and plasma were separated.Well-formed adipose tissue homogenates were made.Acetylcholinesterase(AChE)activities were assayed with dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid(DTNB)enzyme kinetic method.The levels of FOPs in blood plasma,blood cells and adipose tissues were determined with enzyme inhibition method.Results There were signiflc.ant differences in FOP concentrations of plasma,blood cells and adipose tissues among moncrotophos group,trichlorfon group and methyl pararthion group at the intervals of 1,6 and 24 hours after organophosphorous administered(all P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in FOP concentrations of moncrotophos among blood plasma,blood cells and adipose tissues at intervals of 1,6,24 and 96 hours.FOP concentrations of trichlorfon in adipose tissues were significantly higher than those in blood cells and plasma at intervals of 1,6,24 hours after organophosphorous administered(P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in FOP concentrations of pararthion in blood plasma compared with blood cells and adipose tissues at intervals of 1 and 6 hours after organophosphorous administered(P ＜ 0.05)and no difference was found over 24 hours after administration of organophosphorous(P ＞ 0.05).The significant differences in the rates of FOP clearance from blood and adipose tissues were also found between different organophosphates(P ＜ 0.05,moncrotophos ＞ trichlorfon ＞methyl pararthion).Conclusions With the decrease in hydrosolubility of organophosphates,the increase in adipose tissue-specific retention was found and the time required for clearance from blood and adipose tissue was prolonged.Adipose tissue was the major storage site for organophosphates with low hydrosolubility.

The serum level of intravenously dripped phenytoin was deter- mined in rabbits before and in different time intervals of a week after intramuscular injection of diazepam with fluorescence polarization immunoassay and the parameters were calculated on a microcomputer.It was found that in the 12th hour after diazepam injection,the serum level of phenytoin was significantly different from that of the control,and t1/2 of phenytoin was significantly prolonged;the model of pharmacokinetics of phenytoin was changed from one compartment open model to two compartment open model.Yet the AUC and Cl of phenytoin were not markedly altered.

The effects of testosterone on the mitochondria Ca~(2+)—ATPase activity of uninfarcted ventricular septum following myocardial infarction (MI) was observed dynamically by using the experimental MI model in rat. The results showed that on l day after MI the mitochondria Ca~(2+)—ATPase activity of non—ischemic area was more higher than that of the normal control group (p

Objective To evaluate the influence of patellar resurfacing and non-patellar resurfacing on the effect of total knee arthroplasty to provide the evidence-based basis for selecting the clinical treatment scheme.Methods The clinical randomized controlled trials(RCT)on the whether having patellar replacement in total knee arthroplasty were retrieved from the databases of Pubmed,Cochrane,Medline,Embase,CNKI and WanFang data.The screening was independently performed by two researchers according to the including and excluding criterion.The related data were extracted.The reoperation rate,knee joint pain score and knee joint score served as the measurement criteria.The RevMan 5.2 software was adopted to conduct the meta analysis.Results Fifteen literatures were included to analyze,involving 1 788 patients,among them 871 cases were in the patellar resurfacing group and 917 case sin the non-patellar resurfacing group.The reoperation rate in the patellar resurfacing group was significantly lower than that in the non-patellar resurfacing group(RR=0.50,95 ％CI:0.33-0.76;P =0.001),moreover the knee joint function was significantly improved(WMD=3.04,95％CI:0.41-5.67;P=0.02).However,the anterior knee joint pain(WMD=0.96,95％CI:-0.85-2.76;P=0.30)and knee joint score(RR=0.81,95 ％ CI:0.50-1.32;P =0.41) had no statistical difference between the two operation modes.Conclusion Conducting patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty can reduce the reoperation risk and improves the postoperative knee joint function,but does not improve postoperative knee joint pain score and knee joint score

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the functional and morphological changes in the cervical spine with protrusion of cervical disc (PCD) under different directions of traction. Methods MRI scanning was used to study the effect of different directions of traction on the movement of protrusive disc，compression index of spinal cord and changes of intervetebral space,as well as the cases with degeneration. Results　Differences were found in the effect of different directions of traction. Most significant partial reduction of the protrusive disc was experienced in flexion traction. Both flexion and extension traction caused significant decrease in the index of compression of spinal cord. Extension traction caused marked narrowing of the posterior intervertebral space in the group with decreased disc size,while no difference between the groups with and without decreased disc size when given flexion traction. There was no difference in the anterior intervertebral space between the two directions of traction. No morphological change was observed in cases with degeneration using either direction of traction. Conclusion PCD could caused the change in the fine morphology of normal vertebral joints. The traction direction should be chosen according to the condition of the individual case. The compression index could better reflect the nature of spinal cord injury than the size of the disc protrusion. Traction would not give much benefit in cases with degeneration.

Objective To investigate the incidence of the pusher syndrome in stroke patients, and the relationship between the syndrome and the neuropsychological symptoms and location of brain lesion, and to investigate the mechanism and the physiotherapy intervention of pusher syndrome. Methods Thirty nine patients(25 male, 14 female, 62.5?9.4 years old) with pusher syndrome were examined, 91 patients(57 male,34 female, 58.4?11.6 years old) without ipsilateral pushing served as control. The lesion areas, neuropsychological syndrome and the Barthel Index(BI) were recorded, and the physiotherapy were administered in the patients. Results The incidence of pusher syndrome was 30% in the patients studied, corresponding to 17% of the total number of stroke patients in the study period. The percentage of pusher syndrome occurrence was higher in the patients with right side lesion than those with left side lesion ( P