OBJECTIVE:To facilitate the modernization of preparation technology for Chinese materia medica preparation.METHODS:The key problems and the strategy for the modernization of preparation technology for Chinese materia medica preparation were analyzed and summarized by reviewing the pertinent literature.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The development of the modernization of preparation technology for Chinese materia medica preparation lies in the progress in the modernization of extraction technology,quality control and quality standard and the modernization of dosage forms.

Objective: To detect estrogen receptor α and β(ER-α, ER-β)protein expression in different age of mouse thymus.Methods:Protein expression of ER-α and ER-β in thymus was analyzed via immunohistochemistry.Moreover,the relationship between ER-α and cytokeratin 18(epithelial cell marker)was further tested through fluorescence double-staining.Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that both ER-α and β protein was found in nuclei of some thymocytes of 3 month mice.However,expression of ER-β was absence while ER-α was still positive in aged mice, such as 12 months and 16 months old.Double staining further confirmed that lots of ER-α/β positive cells were Foxp3 negative cells.Conclusion: Expression of ER-β is absent while ER-α is still positive in thymus of aged mice, which indicates ER-α is the critical estrogen receptor that involves in thymic involution.Moreover, ER-α/β do not participate in Treg development within thymus.

Objective:To detect estrogen receptor ? and ?(ER-?,ER-?) protein expression in different age of mouse thymus.Methods:Protein expression of ER-? and ER-? in thymus was analyzed via immunohistochemistry.Moreover,the relationship between ER-? and cytokeratin 18(epithelial cell marker) was further tested through fluorescence double-staining.Results:Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that both ER-? and ? protein was found in nuclei of some thymocytes of 3 month mice.However,expression of ER-? was absence while ER-? was still positive in aged mice,such as 12 months and 16 months old.Double staining further confirmed that lots of ER-?/? positive cells were Foxp3 negative cells.Conclusion:Expression of ER-? is absent while ER-? is still positive in thymus of aged mice,which indicates ER-? is the critical estrogen receptor that involves in thymic involution.Moreover,ER-?/? do not participate in Treg development within thymus.

Objective:To develop cluster nursing measures for urinary retention after gynecological tumor radical operation, and explore the prevention methods of urinary retention after gynecological tumor radical operation.Methods:We established a gynecological rehabilitation nursing team, retrieved domestic and foreign literature, conducted a Meta-analysis on the key measures to effectively treat urinary retention, and designed and developed a set of cluster nursing measures for urinary retention after radical gynecological tumor surgery. A controlled trail was conducted in this study. Totally 54 patients treated in the gynecological ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University from January 2016 to June 2017 were selected as the control group, while another 52 patients treated from July 2017 to August 2018 were selected as the experimental group. Patients in the control group received routine gynecological nursing, while patients in the experimental group received cluster nursing based on routine nursing. Data were collected using an observation record form, which included observations of patients' practice and limb mobility effects. The execution time and frequency of urinary interruption training, pelvic floor muscle function training, ankle pump exercise and thoraco-abdominal gymnastics, and the reasons for not using them, drinking test at extubation and intermittent clean self catheterization (CISC) . Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 21.0.Results:One out of the 52 patients in the experimental group had urinary retention, accounting for an incidence rate of 1.92%, delayed extubation occurred in 2 cases, with a total complication rate of 5.77% (3/52) ; while 5 out of the 54 patients in the control group had urinary retention, accounting for an incidence rate of 9.26%, delayed extubation occurred in 6 cases, with a total complication rate of 20.37% (11/54) . There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The cluster nursing measures are a combination of multiple effective measures, and the clinical application results have shown that they can effective prevent the occurrence of urinary retention after gynecological tumor radical surgery.

Objective To quantify the burden of disease related to high blood pressure in the Chinese population. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010) in China. Data for mean systolic blood pressure,burden of deaths,Years of Life Lost(YLLs),Years Lived with Disability(YLDs),disability-adjusted life years (DALYs),and relative risk were corrected for regression dilution bias to calculate the population impact fractions and estimate the attributable deaths and DALYs. Results Among all the deaths due to cardiovascular diseases and DALYs,64.0%of them were caused by high blood pressure. In 2010,a total number of 2.043 million deaths were caused by high blood pressure,including 1.154 million males. 2.007 million deaths were due to cardiovascular diseases,35 000 due to chronic kidney diseases. Deaths caused by high blood pressure accounted for 24.6%of all the deaths. In total,37.94 million person-years DALYs were caused by high blood pressure,of which 23.33 million person-years were males and 14.61 million person-years were females. There were 2.365 million person-years of YLDs and 35.57 million person-years of YLLs,which both accounted for 12% of the total DALYs. Conclusion Compared to the global results of GBD 160,on either deaths or DALYs,the proportion attributable to high blood pressure were quite high for a country like China. The health effects caused by high blood pressure seemed to be quite serious which called for attention.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training and micturition interruption training on prevention of urinary retention after radical operation of gynecological tumor. Methods Published Chinese literature from January 1999 to February 2017 related to the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training and micturition interruption training on prevention of urinary retention after radical operation of gynecological tumor were searched on CNKI,Wanfang database,PubMed,Cinahl,Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Data screening,information extraction and crosscheck were conducted to the articles retrieved,with those not meeting the standards eliminated,and those eligible articles evaluated by modified Jadad scoring standard about their quality,and analyzed by software Revman 5.3 provided by Cochrane. Results Eleven articles concerning pelvic floor muscle training were included,with a total of 791 randomized controlled trial cases (with 402 cases in the pelvic floor muscle training group and 389 cases in non-training group). It was shown in Meta analysis that total RR=0.32,95%CI was (0.24,0.44) and overall power of the test Z=7.35,P< 0.000 01;Four articles concerning urinary retention training were included,and it was shown in Meta analysis that total RR=0.23,95%CI was (0.14,0.40) and overall power of the test Z=5.33,P<0.000 01. Conclusions Pelvic floor muscle training and micturition interruption training are effective in preventing urinary retention after radical operation of gynecological tumor. It is beneficial to implement these trainings in routine postoperative nursing.

Objective To express recombinant Burkholderia pseudomallei(B.pseudomallei)type Ⅲ secretion system BipD protein,prepare its polyclonal antibodies and verify their immunological traits.Methods The recombinant pET-28a-BipD plasmid was generated,and the pET-28a-BipD-carried E.coli BL21(DE3)bacteria were induced with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside(IPTG)to express recombinant BipD(rBipD)protein.The rBipD was obtained by affinity chromatography using His Trap column,then mixed with Fredrick's adjuvant to immunize BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection in order to obtain anti-rBipD polyclonal antibodies.The immunoreactivity of rBipD was detected by Western blot assay using rabbit anti-melioidosis serum and the serum from melioidosis patients.The immunogenicity of rBipD was evaluated using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.Finally,rBipD was used to establish an indirect ELISA to detect serum antibodies of clinical melioidosis patients.Results The recombinant plasmid pET-28a-BipD was successfully constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3)to induce rBipD expression with IPTG treatment.The obtained rBipD had a relative molecular weight of 36×103 and a purity of 95.4％,and had good immunogenicity and immunoreactivity.It could induce the production of specific antibodies after immunizing mice,and mouse polyclonal antibodies against rBipD were prepared with the titer of 1∶512 000.rBipD of 5.0 μg/mL produced specific immune response with the serum of melioidosis patients,but had no specific reaction with the serum of tuberculosis patients,with statistical difference(P＜0.01).Conclusion rBipD with immunological activity is successfully prepared and purified,and its polyclonal antibodies are also developed,which provide a good tool for clinical immunological diagnosis and study of immune mechanism of B.pseudomallei infection.

INTRODUCTION: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent X-linked intellectual disability (ID) and a leading genetic cause of autism, characterised by cognitive and behavioural impairments. The hyperexpansion of a CGG repeat in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene leads to abnormal hypermethylation, resulting in the lack or absence of its protein. Tools for establishing the diagnosis of FXS have been extensively developed, including assays based on triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction (TP-PCR) for detection and quantification of the CGG trinucleotide repeat expansion, as well as determination of the methylation status of the alleles. This study aimed to utilise a simple, quick and affordable method for high sensitivity and specificity screening and diagnosis of FXS in institutionalised individuals with ID. METHODS: A total of 109 institutionalised individuals at the Center for Social Rehabilitation of Intellectual Disability Kartini, Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia, were screened in a three-step process using FastFrax™ Identification, Sizing and Methylation Status Kits. RESULTS: Two samples that were classified as indeterminate with respect to the 41-repeat control at the identification step were subsequently determined to be non-expanded by both sizing and methylation status analyses. Two samples classified as expanded at the identification step were determined to carry full mutation expansions > 200 repeats that were fully methylated using sizing and methylation status analyses, respectively, yielding a disease prevalence of 1.83%. CONCLUSION Repeat expansion and methylation-specific TP-PCR is practical, effective and inexpensive for the diagnosis of FXS, especially in high-risk populations of individuals with ID of undetermined aetiology.

OBJECTIVETo quantify the burden of disease related to high blood pressure in the Chinese population.

METHODSWe used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010) in China. Data for mean systolic blood pressure, burden of deaths,Years of Life Lost(YLLs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and relative risk were corrected for regression dilution bias to calculate the population impact fractions and estimate the attributable deaths and DALYs.

RESULTSAmong all the deaths due to cardiovascular diseases and DALYs, 64.0% of them were caused by high blood pressure. In 2010, a total number of 2.043 million deaths were caused by high blood pressure, including 1.154 million males. 2.007 million deaths were due to cardiovascular diseases, 35 000 due to chronic kidney diseases. Deaths caused by high blood pressure accounted for 24.6% of all the deaths. In total, 37.94 million person-years DALYs were caused by high blood pressure, of which 23.33 million person-years were males and 14.61 million person-years were females. There were 2.365 million person-years of YLDs and 35.57 million person-years of YLLs, which both accounted for 12% of the total DALYs.

CONCLUSIONCompared to the global results of GBD 160, on either deaths or DALYs, the proportion attributable to high blood pressure were quite high for a country like China. The health effects caused by high blood pressure seemed to be quite serious which called for attention.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cost of Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult