Objective To explore prophylactic bilateral internal iliac arteries balloon occlusion in treating pernicious placenta previa complicated with placenta implantation before cesarean section.Methods Data of 32 patients with pernicious placenta previa complicated with placenta implantation underwent prophylactic bilateral internal iliac arteries balloon occlusion(Balloon Group)were analyzed retrospectively.40 patients with pernicious placenta previa complicated with placenta implantation without treatment of prophylactic bilateral internal iliac arteries balloon occlusion(Control Group)were selected.The mean blood loss and infusion amount during the operation,operative time,newborn Apgar score were compared between the two groups.Results The mean blood loss and infusion amount during the operation,operative time,newborn Apgar score of balloon group was superior to the control group and the difference was significant.All mothers and infants were healthy detected by clinical checking on 3-6 months after birth.Conclusion Prophylactic bilateral internal iliac arteries balloon occlusion is a safe and effective treatment before cesarean section used in pernicious placenta previa complicated with placenta implantation,and worthy of further promotion.

Objective To observe the effect of berberine on the expression of GLUT4 and PGC-1α in mice with insulin resistance,and to explore the molecular mechanism of berberine in improving insulin resistance.Methods Mice models with insulin resistance were established,and berberine was used by intragastric administration to detect blood glucose,insulin and insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of GLUT4 and mRNA of PGC-1α in skeletal muscle.Results Berberine significantly reduced blood sugar,increased insulin sensitivity,and promoted the expression of GLUT4 and PGC-1α in skeletal muscle.Conclusion Berberine can improve the expression of PGC-lo,promote the expression of GLUT4 and improve insulin resistance.

Objective To discuss the effect of the complete nursing order and guidelines on improving the nursing quality in ICU .Methods The nursing quality , patients ’ satisfaction and the hierarchical training examination scores before and after using the improved nursing order guidelines were compared , from 2012 to 2013 .Totals of 177 patients in 2012 were treated with conventional nursing order system , and 183 patients in 2013 were treated with the improved nursing order guidelines .Results In 2012, totals of 177 patients with 3 566 times nursing observation were included , and 183 patients, with 3 634 times nursing observation were included in 2013.In 2013, oral care failure rate was 0.28%, which was significantly lower than 1.18% in 2012, with a significant difference(χ2 =20.45, P=0.00).In 2013, the bed elevation unqualified rate was 0.33%, which was significantly lower than 1.54% in 2012, with a significant difference (χ2 =28.69,P=0.00).In 2013, the artificial airway ballonet pressure implementation rate was 99.56%,which was significantly higher than 98. 65%in 2012, with a significant difference (χ2 =16.76,P=0.00).In 2013, the patients’ satisfaction scores was (98.08 ±0.67), which was significantly higher than (94.58 ±2.47) in 2012, with a significant difference (t=4.91,P =0.00).The nurse training assessment scores was (89.33 ±9.64) in 2013, which was significantly higher than ( 82.17 ±4.04 ), with a significant difference ( t =2.62, P =0.02 ). Conclusions Nursing order guidelines applied in ICU bedside can promote the improvement of the nursing quality, ensure the safety of nursing care , and let patients receive continuous and homogeneous care .Improved nursing order guidelines not only effectively improve the whole nursing level of ICU , but also provide diversified platform for nurse training at all levels .

Objective To observe the effect of berberine on the expression of GLUT4 and PGC-1α in mice with insulin resistance,and to explore the molecular mechanism of berberine in improving insulin resistance.Methods Mice models with insulin resistance were established,and berberine was used by intragastric administration to detect blood glucose,insulin and insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of GLUT4 and mRNA of PGC-1α in skeletal muscle.Results Berberine significantly reduced blood sugar,increased insulin sensitivity,and promoted the expression of GLUT4 and PGC-1α in skeletal muscle.Conclusion Berberine can improve the expression of PGC-lo,promote the expression of GLUT4 and improve insulin resistance.

Objective To analyze the death attributable to smoking and impact of life expectancy in China in 2013.Methods According to the characteristics of different diseases,we calculated the population attributable fractions of different diseases,death and impact of life expectancy which caused by smoking,using direct method (current smoking rate as exposure levels)and indirect method (smoking impact ratio as exposure levels),based on data from both programs of death surveillance and Chinese chronic disease risk factor surveillance of 2013.Results In 2013,smoking caused around 1.59 million deaths which accounted for 17.38％ of all deaths in China.Constituent ratio of death caused by smoking in males (23.66％) was much higher than that in females (8.30％).However,in urban areas (17.24％),it was slightly lower than that in rural areas (17.51％).Constituent ratio of death caused by smoking in the eastern regions appeared the lowest (16.81％),with western regions the highest (17.91％).In 2013,lung cancer,COPD and ischemia heart disease were the top three diseases causing deaths that related to smoking,but the top three population attributable fractions were lung cancer,COPD and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China.In 2013,smoking caused a reduction of 2.04 years of life expectancy loss in China,with males in the western regions the highest (3.05 years).Conclusion Smoking is still an important public health problem in China.Tobacco-control-targeted programs in the heavily involved areas could reduce the number of deaths from related diseases that caused by smoking.

Objective To estimate the deaths (mortality) and life expectancy that attributable to high blood pressure in people from different regions and gender,in China in 2013.Methods Data was from the ‘China Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance 2013'and the ‘China National Mortality Surveillance 2013'.According to the comparative risk assessment theory,population attributable fraction (PAF) of high blood pressure by gender,urban-rural,east-central-west regions was calculated before the estimations on deaths (mortality) and life expectancy attributable to high blood pressure was made.Results In 2013,among the Chinese people aged 25 years old and above,the mean SBP was (129.48 ± 20.27) mmHg.High blood pressure [SBP＞(115 ± 6) mmHg] caused 20.879 million deaths and accounted for 22.78％ of the total deaths.SBP,deaths,mortality rate and standardized mortality rate that attributable to high blood pressure all appeared higher in men [(131.15 ± 18.73) mmHg,11.517 million,165.56/100 000 and 106.97/100 000,respectively] than in women [(127.79 ± 21.60) mmHg,9.362 million,141.99/100 000 and 68.93/100 000,respectively].SBP,deaths,mortality rate and PAF were all seen higher in rural [(130.25±20.66) mmHg,11.234 million,178.58/100 000 and 23.59％,respectively] than in urban [(128.58± 19.77) mmHg,9.645 million,132.87/100 000 and 21.54％,respectively] areas.However,levels of SBP were similar in the east,central or west regions,with attributable deaths,attributable mortality rate and PAF the highest as 7.658 million 179.93/100 000,and 26.72％ respectively.In 2013,among the Chinese people aged 25 years old and above,deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease attributable to high blood pressure were 19.912 million and 0.966 million,accounting for 52.31％ of the total deaths due to cardiovascular diseases and 62.11％ to the total chronic kidney diseases.The top three deaths attributable to high blood pressure were ischemic heart disease (6.656 million),hemorrhagic stroke (5.331 million) and ischemic stroke (3.593 million).When the effect of high blood pressure had been eliminated,the life expectancy per capita would have increased by 2.86 years old,with higher in women than in men (3.07 and 2.64 years old,respectively),higher in central than in east and west (3.48,2.56 and 2.58 years,respectively) areas,in rural than in urban (2.97 and 2.59 years,respectively) areas.Conclusions In 2013,the number of deaths attributable to high blood pressure was around 20.9 million,accounting for 22.78％ of the total deaths,and appeared higher in men than in women,in rural than in urban,in central than in east and west areas.The mortality burden induced by ischemic heart disease,hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke was most serious since the high blood pressure brought about 2.86 years of lost in life expectancy.

Objective To quantitatively estimate the deaths and life expectancy losses attributable to diet high in sodium in China,and examine the gains and shifts under different control scenarios of sodium consumption.Methods Based on data from the cause-of-death through the National Mortality Surveillance System,and 24 hours urinary sodium values from Global Burden of Disease study on Chinese's estimates,population attributable fractions with the framework of comparative risk assessment were used to analyze the deaths and life expectancy losses due to diet high in sodium.The same methods were followed to examine the gains and shifts under different control scenarios of sodium consumption.Results In 2013,1 430 (940 for men and 490 for women)thousand deaths were attributable to diet high in sodium,accounting for 15.6％ (17.4％ for men and 13.0％ for women) of all-cause deaths in China,which causing 2.17 (2.49 for men and 1.71 for women) years of life expectancy loss.Diet with high sodium in 2013 caused 1 200,50 and 180 thousand deaths from cardiovascular disease,chronic kidney disease and stomach cancer respectively,accounting for 31.5％,30.8％ and 64.8％ of those specific causes.Comparing to the baseline in 2013,if the targets of 10％ decrease of sodium consumption by 2020 and 15％ by 2030 for Chinese chronic disease prevention and treatment planning,and 30％ decrease by 2030 for WHO non-communicable disease monitoring framework are achieved,220,340 and 730 thousand deaths will be averted,which may gain 0.30,0.45 and 0.95 years of life expectancy,respectively.Conclusions As one of the leading risk factors,diet high in sodium had caused heavy burden of disease from cardiovascular disease,chronic kidney disease and stomach cancer on Chinese residents.Intervention programs on sodium-reductionare urgently needed in China and related cost-effectiveness is highly expected.

Objective To assess the mortality attributable to low fruit intake among people over 25 years old in China,2013,and its effect on life expectancy.Methods Based on data collected from China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance in 2013,the average fruit intake in different genders and areas were calculated.Potential impact fraction (PIF) was used to examine the impact on deaths,mortality and life expectancy.Results The average daily fruit intake was (113.3 ± 168.9)g among people over 25 years old,with (103.6± 160.1) g for men and (122.7± 176.6) g for women,in China in 2013.Fruit intake for urban residents was significantly higher than that in rural residents and higher in eastern regions than that in central or western regions.Scores that attributable to low fruit intake accounted for 15.21％ of the total deaths and the population attributable fraction of inadequate intake of fruits to associated diseases was 35.00％.PIF for all the deaths in rural residents (16.50％)appeared higher than that of the urban residents (13.88％),and higher in the residents living in the eastern region (15.48％) than that in the central (16.27％) or western (13.75％) regions.Number of deaths that attributable to low fruit intake was 1.348 4 million.Deaths caused by related diseases appeared as:ischemic heart disease (472.5 thousands),hemorrhagic stroke (338.8 thousands),ischemic stroke (259.0 thousands),lung cancer (208.4 thousands),esophageal cancer (60.7 thousands),laryngeal cancer (5.4 thousands) and oral cancer (3.6 thousands).Numbers of all deaths and related diseases for urban residents were lower than that of the rural residents,with central regions (452.7 thousands) higher than that in the eastern (531.1 thousands) or western (364.6 thousands) regions.The average life expectancy loss caused by low fruit intake was 1.73 years,1.80 years for men and 1.58 years for women,in this country.Loss of life expectancy in the rural residents was higher than that of the urban residents,and higher in central regions than that in the eastern or western regions.Conclusions The intake of fruit was far lower than the recommended standard set for the Chinese people.Population attributable fraction was related to the associated diseases caused by inadequate intake of fruits which also made serious impact on life expectancy.