[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To study the effects of nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-κB) on human hepcidin expression in fer-ric ammonium citrate ( FAC)-induced HH4 hepatocytes.METHODS:Non-transformed HH4 cells were exposed to FAC at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 mmol/L for 48 h.The expression of iron regulatory gene hepcidin was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.The effects of NF-κB on hepcidin transcriptional activity were detected using chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual-luciferase reporter assay system, combined with the inhibition experiments of intracellular NF-κB activity.RESULTS: FAC at concentrations of 5 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L significantly enhanced the expression of hepcidin.The results of ChIP and EMSA showed the binding of NF-κB to the upstream of hepcidin promoter.Treatment with NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 attenuated hepcidin expression.The lucif-erase activity in the cells transfected with recombinant luciferase reporter plasmid was obviously higher than that in control group.CONCLUSION:NF-κB is the transcription factor that contributes to hepcidin expression in iron overload-induced HH4 cells.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of PUFA in the treatment of cancer cachexia,meta-analysis and systematic evaluation of literature was applied.Methods:According to the inclusion criteria,PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled TriMs for randomized controlled trims that compared PUFA treatments with placebo or no treatment in cancer cachexia were searched.Outcomes of interest were effects on weight,appetite,the level of CRP and IL-6,the composition of lean body mass and the quality of life.Results:Finally,16 articles were included in the analysis,which reported appetite (6 papers),C-reactive protein (9 papers),IL-6 (5 papers),lean tissue weight (7 papers) and quality of life assessment (7 papers),respectively.Conclusion:PUFAs for the treatment of cancer cachexia plays an irreplaceable role.The body weight,appetite,inflammation index and quality of life can be significantly improved,and the patients can tolerated the addition of PUFA during the treatment.

BACKGROUND: The determination of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites is important in the experimental.research of Parkinson disease (PD) and experimental diagnosis of phaochromocytoma.OBJECTIVE: To develop a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous and rapid determination of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites which include epinephrine(E), norepinephrine(NE), dopamine(DA), 5'-hydroxytryptamine(5'-HT), 5-hydroxy3-indoleacetic acid(5-HIAA), homovanillic acid(HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid(DOPAC).DESIGN: Case control observation and a randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University; Haiyang Branch, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University.PARTICIPANTS: This experiment was carried out at Staff Room of Physiology, edical College, Qingdao University and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from October to December 2003. ①Two patients with phaeochromocytoma were all confirmed by CT, MRI or pathologic section as well as physical sign. Twelve health volunteers were all university students and were excluded to suffer hypertension, endocrine system diseases and other diseases. ② Total 12 healthy female Wister rats weighed between 150 g to 180 g were chosen and randomly divided into control group and PD group with 6 rats in each.METHODS: The standard chromatograms of the standard solution of mixtures of seven substances (E, NE, DA, 5'-HT, 5-HIAA, HVA and DOPAC)were prepared and the precisions and recovery rates of the same samples were determined respectively. Urine samples of 24 hours obtained from 12 healthy volunteers and 2 patients with phaeochromocytoma were analyzed respectively by HPLC. The unilateral forebrain bundles in PD group were destroyed with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) for monitoring release characteristics of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in healthy and marred caudate putamen nucleus striatum of normal and PD rats striatum.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Determination of the precisions and recovery rates of monoamines. ②The contents of catecholamines in 24 hours urine of 12 health volunteers and 2 patients with phaeochromocytoma .③The release characteristics of monoamines and their metabolites in rats striatum. RESULTS: The results and analysis of catecholamines substances in 24hours urine were all obtained from 12 health volunteers and 2 patients with pheochromocytoma. There were no animals died in the experinment, and all of them were involved in the result analysis. ①There was a favorable linear relationship in the range of 2-1 000 μg/L for DA, E, NE and DOPAC, 10-1 000 μg/L for 5-HIAA, HVA and 5-HT for 30-1 000 μg/L with HPLC. The minimal detection limit of DA, E, NE and DOPAC was 2 μg/L, 5-HIAA 10 μg/L, HVA and 5-HT 30 μg/L. The coefficient of variation (CV) in the same batch was 3.0%-8.6%, and the CV in the different batchs was 3.8%-9.7%. The average rates of recovery of DA, NE, E and other 4 kinds of substances were 107.3%, 89.4%, 80.1% and 89.2%-95.7%, respectively.②The contents of CA in 24 hours urine of the 2 patients with phaeochromocytomas were higher than those of the 12 healthy volunteers. One of patient samples showed that E was mainly higher than that of control group. Other samples showed that NE was mainly higher than that of control group. Otherwise , E and NE were ten times higher than that of control group. ③The contents of DA and its metabolites such as DOPAC and HVA in intact sides of hemiparkinsonian rats had no significant changes ,while the contents of DA, DOPAC and HVA in lesion sides were significantly decreased compared with the controls (P ＜ 0.01 ).There were no significant changes in the contents of 5-HT and its metabolites 5-HIAA. ④The turnover rates of DA (DOPAC/DA and HVA/DA) in intact and lesion sides of hemiparkinsonian rats were all higher than those of the controls(P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The method we developed is suitable for the experimental research of normal and hemiparkinsonian rat models and for the diagnostic testing of phaeochromocytoma.

Objective To evaluate the value of early preventive tracheal intubation in the early first‐aid of serious severe trau‐ma and improve the early first‐aid ability of serious severe trauma .Methods Using retrospective study ,among 258 patients of acute airway obstruction caused by severe trauma ,those who have reached the standard of obstruction and respiratory failure according to observation were as the contrast group (n=84) ,and those who had the tendency of airway obstruction instant treatment of preven‐tive trachea intubation were as early preventive tracheal intubation group (n=174) .The average in hospital days ,the occurrence rate of multiple organ failure and death rate were contrasted .Results In the early preventive tracheal intubation group ,in hospital days were 17 .2 on average ,the occurrence rate of multiple organ failure was 44 .59% and the death rate was 10 .67% .In the con‐trast group ,it was 27 .9 d ,67 .51% and 33 .75% ,the two groups had shown significant difference(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Early tra‐chea intubation have a good trachea management of serious severe traumas ,improve inspiration ,shorten the hospitalization days ,and reduce the occurrence rate of complication .It is important to improving rescuing rate .

Objective To design a vehicle-mounted X-ray diagnosis simulation training system based on the field X-ray diagnostic vehicle to solve the problems during its training and utilization.Methods The field X-ray diagnostic vehicle had its internal and external structure analyzed,and was divided into several functional modules.The technologies of computer programming and database were used for the simulation of the modules.An example was given to simulate the operating process of the vehicle by establishing traumatic condition model,war injury image library and etc.esults The system developed realized the simulation training of the vehicle,and the trainee gained feedback after simulation as references.Conclusion The system implements informatized training of the field X-ray diagnostic vehicle,shortens the training period,decreases the training cost and increases the training efficacy.

The theory of public goods was used to analyze the characteristics and status quo of emergency drug supply in China,holding such drugs as public goods.Based on the public-private partnership(PPP) model,the authors proposed to optimize the existing commanding mechanism,inventory system,information management system and supply system of emergency drugs.We recommended the establishment of an emergency drug supply assurance system,featuring leadership of local governments,and participation of pharmaceutical enterprises and hospitals,in which these entities are assigned with clear-cut emergency supply roles to ensure efficient supply of such drugs in the country.

Objective To set up an experiment model on cellular level in order to investigate the effects of aconitine on Connexin43(Cx43)in cardiomyocytes of rat.Methods The cultured cardiomyocytes of rat were incubated with aconitine at 6 different concentrations of 0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 ?mol/L.The changes of Cx43 phosphorylation status of each group were investigated by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent microscopy techniques.Results The total amount of Cx43 had not changed in cardiomyocytes after aconitine incubation by western blot analysis,but it began to induce Cx43 dephosphorylation after incubation of the cultures with 0.5 ?mol/L aconitine and Cx43 underwent significant dephosphorylation when the concentration of aconitine elevated to 1.0 ?mol/L,and the dephosphorylation effects of 1.5 and 2.0 ?mol/L aconitine on Cx43 were similar to that of 1.0 ?mol/L aconitine.Quantitative immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that Ser368,one of the serine amino acid phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal domain of Cx43,underwent significant dephosphorylation when incubation of the cardiomyocytes with 1.0 ?mol/L aconitine.Conclusion Under certain concentration conditions,aconitine can induce significant dephosphorylation of Cx43 in the cardiomyocytes of rat.

Based on the lessons and experience from the country's fight against SARS, the paper analyzes the problems and shortcomings in its public health emergency reaction. It also describes the pubhc health systems set up in America, Britain and Japan in response to emergent events. With regard to the building up of a public health emergency system that conforms to the situation in China, the following proposals are put forward: (1)establishing effective command networks, such as setting up a national crisis management commission and formulating corresponding laws and regulations and crash programs; (2)establishing unimpeded information networks, such as setting up a national disease monitoring and reporting system and urban symptom monitoring systems; and (3)establishing tight prevention and treatment networks, with the network of prevention being composed of the headquarters, disease prevention and control institutions, medical institutions, health supervision institutions, experts commissions, and cooperation centers for tackling key problems in science and technology.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of preventing tendon adhesion by using bFGF/ vitamin C composite biodegradable membrane.MethodsSixty Newzerland rabbits were divided into experimental and control groups randomly.After the animal model was established, the tendon autografts were encapsulated with the bFGF/vitamin C composite biodegradable membrane in experimental group, while no tendon autografts encapsulation in control.Three weeks after surgery, regular HE staining and AgNO3 staining were performed to observe the fibroblast nuclei and vitamin C.The quantity of collagen fibrils was measured by Luzex-F Image Analyzer.Eight weeks after surgery, the peritendinous adhesion and the maximum tensile load were analyzed.Results At 3 weeks after surgery, the numbers of vitamin C granules, fibroblast nuclei and collagen fibrils in the experimental group were significantly more than those in the control group(t = 11.78 ,P ＜0.001) .At 8 weeks after surgery, the peritendinous adhesion in the experimental group was significantly slighter than that in the control group(Z =3.922,P ＜0.005) ,and the maximum tensile load in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (t = 8.39, P ＜ 0.001) .ConclusionbFGF/vitamin C composite biodegradable membrane can stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts and synthesis of collagen fibrils,improve the biomechanical property of tendon autografts and prevent the tendon adhesion.

Objective Analyzing the regional distribution discrepancy of medical and health resources in China,with the purpose of providing the government with policy making evidences for optimizing medical and health resource allocation.Results Dividing China into three regions based on regional economic development and geographic setting,and selecting 6 indicators for medical and health resources.On the basis of the statistics of 31 provinces released by the state in 2009,analyzing the interprovincial disparities of the distribution of these six resources,by means of the coefficient of variation,Gini coefficient and Theil index.Methods The largest inter-regional allocation disparity is found in the number of biopharmaceutical manufacturing companies per ten thousand population.And the smallest discrepancy is found in the number of hospital beds among these regions.The top two extreme differences of resource possession per ten thousand population between the maximum and the minmum region are the number of biopharmaceutical manufacturing companies and tertiary hospitals.The eastern region is the largest contributor to the discrepancy of allocation for the six resources within and between regions.The less developed regions contribute the most inter-regional discrepancy for the allocation of medical practitioners(their assistants included),hospital beds,tertiary hospitals and pharmaceutical companies.And the developed regions contribute the most inter-regional discrepancy of medical finance support from local governments and the most of the allocation of biopharmaceutical manufacturing companies.In general,regions of higher development enjoy greater possession of the SIX resources per population in such regions. But these two are not always in direct proportion. Condnsion Regional distribution disparity of the six resources is not yetreasonable in China.To better meet the health needs of the population in various regions,the government is expected to increase its financial support for building biopharmaceutical manufacturing companies and tertiary hospitals in the less developed western regions,to better use resources of developed regions,and to keep off investments at low level and repetition.The government is also recommended to pay attention to the proportion of government health finance output and the quality and quantity of medical practitioners.