1.Defecation Frequency and Stool Form in a Coastal Eastern Indian Population.
Manas Kumar PANIGRAHI ; Sanjib Kumar KAR ; Shivaram Prasad SINGH ; Uday C GHOSHAL
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2013;19(3):374-380
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Data on normal stool form and frequency, which are important for defining constipation, are scanty; hence, we studied these in an eastern Indian population. METHODS: One thousand and two hundred apparently healthy asymptomatic subjects were evaluated for predominant stool form (Bristol chart with descriptor) and frequency. Data on demographic and life-style (diet and physical activity) were collected. RESULTS: Of 1,200 subjects (age 42 +/- 14.5 years, 711, 59% male), most passed predominantly Bristol type IV stool (699 [58.2%]; other forms were: type I (23 [1.9%]), type II (38 [3.2%]), type III (99 [8.2%]), type V (73 [6%]), type VI (177 [14.7%]), type VII (7 [0.6%]) and an irregular combination (84 [7%]). Weekly stool frequency was 12.1 +/- 4.7 (median 14, range 2-42). Less than 3 stools/week was noted in 32/1,200 (2.6%). Female subjects (n = 489) passed stools less frequently than males (n = 711) (11.1 +/- 5.6/week vs. 12.8 +/- 3.8/week, P < 0.001) and tended to pass harder forms (type I: 17, type II: 20, type III: 39 vs. 6, 18 and 60, respectively, P = 0.061). Vegetarians (n = 252) and physically active (n = 379) subjects tended to pass stool more frequently than occasional (n = 553) and regular non-vegetarian (n = 395) (11.8 +/- 4.5 and 12.8 +/- 4.7 vs. 11.3 +/- 4.7; P < 0.05) and sedentary (n = 464) and intermediately active (n = 357) subjects (13.4 +/- 4.0 and 12.3 +/- 4.5 vs. 10.9 +/- 5.1, P = 0.080) in different age groups, respectively. Older age was associated with less frequent stool, particularly among female population. Female gender and age > 35 years were significant on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Median stool frequency in the studied population was 14/week (range 2-42) and predominant form was Bristol type IV. Older age was associated with lesser stool frequency, particularly among female subjects.
Constipation
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Defecation
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Female
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Gastrointestinal Diseases
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Gastrointestinal Transit
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Humans
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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Male
2.Colitis and Crohn’s Foundation (India) consensus statements on use of 5-aminosalicylic acid in inflammatory bowel disease
Ajit SOOD ; Vineet AHUJA ; Vandana MIDHA ; Saroj Kant SINHA ; C. Ganesh PAI ; Saurabh KEDIA ; Varun MEHTA ; Sawan BOPANNA ; Philip ABRAHAM ; Rupa BANERJEE ; Shobna BHATIA ; Karmabir CHAKRAVARTTY ; Sunil DADHICH ; Devendra DESAI ; Manisha DWIVEDI ; Bhabhadev GOSWAMI ; Kirandeep KAUR ; Rajeev KHOSLA ; Ajay KUMAR ; Ramit MAHAJAN ; S. P. MISRA ; Kiran PEDDI ; Shivaram Prasad SINGH ; Arshdeep SINGH
Intestinal Research 2020;18(4):355-378
Despite several recent advances in therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) therapy has retained its place especially in ulcerative colitis. This consensus on 5-ASA is obtained through a modified Delphi process, and includes guiding statements and recommendations based on literature evidence (randomized trials, and observational studies), clinical practice, and expert opinion on use of 5-ASA in IBD by Indian gastroenterologists. The aim is to aid practitioners in selecting appropriate treatment strategies and facilitate optimal use of 5-ASA in patients with IBD.