OBJECTIVE:To discuss the contents and importance of clinical pharmaceutical care.METHODS:Our experiences in carrying out clinical pharmaceutical care in our hospital were analyzed through exemplification.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Clinical pharmaceutical care can help improve the medical quality and reduce medical risks.Pharmacist system should be established in hospital to support the work of clinical pharmacists.

0.05).CONCLUSION:The optimized preparation technics for magnetic fluids manifested even distribution in particle size,good stability and strong magnetism.

OBJECTIVETo determine the physical and magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle prepared in our laboratory and evaluate its possibility for use as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODSThe SPIO nanoparticle was obtained by means of classical coprecipitation in dextran solution and its size determined by electron microscopy and photon-correlation spectroscopy. The iron content was determined by phenanthroline photometry, and T(2) values as well as relaxivity evaluated with a clinical MR system at 1.5T.

RESULTSDextran-coated magnetite particles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 85.9 nm were prepared. The iron core size was 15 nm and the formation of Fe(3)O(4) crystal in SPIO nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. These particles possessed some characteristics of superparamagnetic and show a smaller spin-spin relaxation, with relaxivity and saturation magnetization of 0.1567 mmol(-1)/ms(-1) and 80 emu/g Fe, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSA stable SPIO nanoparticle with a dextran coating have been developed, and in vitro evaluation of its physical and magnetic properties suggests its potential for use as the contrast agent in MRI.

Humans ; Iron ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Oxides ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective:To identify and analyze different proteins expression in the periosteum of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) using tandem mass tags (TMT) proteomics.Methods:The samples were divided into three groups, namely CPT with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) group (NF1-CPT group), CPT without NF1 group (nonNF1-CPT group) and control group (patients with open tibial fracture). A fold change ≥1.5 or ≤0.66 and P-value <0.05 was regarded as the threshold to screen differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Subsequently, bioinformatics resources such as online tools DAVID and STRING were used to conduct GO annotation, KEGG pathways enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with DEPs. Results:A total of 347 proteins differentially expressed in NF1-CPT group, 212 of which were up-regulated and 135 down-regulated. We identified 467 DEPs in nonNF1-CPT group, including 281 up-regulated and 186 down-regulated. Among of them, NF1-CPT group and nonNF1-CPT group shared 231 DEPs, except for HLA-DRB1 which increased in NF1-CPT group but decreased in nonNF1-CPT group. The remaining 230 DEPs showed the same expression trend in the two positive groups, including 117 up-regulated and 113 down-regulated. In particular, a total of 116 proteins were altered only in NF1-CPT group, including 94 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated. However, there were 236 proteins altered only in nonNF1-CPT group, including 164 up-regulated and 72 down-regulated. The results indicated that the pathogenesis of NF1-CPT was similar as nonNF1-CPT largely with a few differences. Finally, compared with nonNF1-CPT, there were 47 proteins changed 1.5-fold and P-value <0.05 in NF1-CPT group. Conclusion:The proteins expression in the periosteum of CPT is different from that of normal tibia. The expression of periosteal protein is also different between NF1-CPT and nonNF1-CPT. The present study will deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of CPT in the protein level.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on baby's physical growth and nutritional status. METHODS: A total of 491 pairs of mother-infant were divided into 3 groups according to mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI): a pre-pregnancy low BMI group (BMI<18.5 kg/m², n=93), a pre-pregnancy normal BMI group (18.5 kg/m² ≤ BMI<24.0 kg/m², n=326), and a pre-pregnancy high BMI group (BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m², n=72). Analysis of variance of repeated measurement data and the median percentage methods were used to compare the physical growth and nutritional status of babies in different groups. RESULTS: Baby's weight in the high BMI group were higher than that in the normal BMI and the low BMI group (F=3.958, P=0.020). The incidence of malnutrition in the low BMI group showed a tendency to decline along with the months (χ²=5.611, P=0.018), the incidence of overweight and obesity in the high and the normal BMI groups displayed a tendency to decline along with the months (χ²=18.773, 53.248, all P<0.001). Baby in the low BMI group had higher incidence of malnutrition while baby in the high BMI group had higher incidence of overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION Pregnancy BMI was correlated with the growth of baby. Too high or too low prepregnancy BMI exerts harmful effect on baby's weight and nutritional status. Medical workers should strengthen the education on women's pre-pregnancy to remind them keeping BMI at normal level.
Birth Weight ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Pregnancy ; Weight Gain

Objective:To evaluate the effect of age on mood of patients during induction of general anesthesia with remimazolam.Methods:Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱpatients of both sexes, undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia requiring tracheal intubation, aged 5-80 yr, with body mass index 18-30 kg/m 2, were divided into 4 groups ( n=20 each) according to different ages: juvenile group (R 1 group, 5-17 yr), youth group (R 2 group, 18-44 yr), middle-aged group (R 3 group, 45-59 yr) and elderly group (R 4 group, 60-80 yr). Remimazolam was intravenously injected in a loading dose of 0.1 mg/kg for induction of general anesthesia, followed by an infusion of 0.1 mg·kg -1·h -1 for maintenance of general anesthesia, and the other anesthetics for induction and maintenance of anesthesia were all the same in each group.The changes in emotion and brain wave within 3 min after remimazolam injection were recorded.The brain waves and Modified Observer′s Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (MOAA/S) scale score were recorded at 1, 2 and 3 min after administration.Adverse effects during anesthesia induction were also recorded. Results:Compared with group R 1, the incidence of happy mood was significantly decreased, the grade of mood was decreased, and the dream Likert score and MOAA/S score were decreased in R 3 and R 4 groups, and the dream Likert score and MOAA/S score were decreased in group R 2, and the incidence of hypoxemia during induction of general anesthesia was increased in group R 4( P<0.01). Compared with group R 2, the incidence of happy mood was significantly decreased in R 3 and R 4 groups, and MOAA/S score was significantly decreased in group R 4 ( P<0.05). Compared with R 1 and R 2 groups, the proportion of beta bands was significantly decreased, and the proportion of theta and delta bands was increased in R 3 and R 4 groups ( P<0.01). Compared with group R 3, the proportion of beta band was significantly decreased, and the proportion of delta band was increased in group R 4 ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg used for induction of general anesthesia can cause happy mood, accompanied by enhanced brain electrical signal activity of beta band, especially in the patients under 45 yr of age.

Objective:To develop a model of stellate ganglion block (SGB) in mice and investigate the effect of SGB on cerebral cortical blood flow.Methods:Thirty clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8-9 weeks, weighing 23-27 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), left SGB group (group L), left normal saline group (group SL), right SGB group (group R) and right normal saline group (group SR). Group C received no intervention.SGB was performed with 0.25% ropivacaine 0.08 ml via percutaneous posterior approach in L and R groups, while the equal volume of normal saline 0.08 ml was given instead at the location of left and right stellate ganglion in SL and SR groups, respectively.The cerebral cortical blood flow was determined using laser speckle contrast imaging system before SGB (T 0) and at 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after SGB (T 1-5). Results:Mice developed ptosis on the block side, indicating that the model of SGB was successfully developed in L and R groups.There was no significant difference in cerebral cortical blood flow at each time point among C, SL and SR groups ( P>0.05), and cerebral cortical blood flow on the block side decreased at T 1, began to increase at T 2, peaked at T 3, and decreased at T 5 which was still higher than that at T 0 in group L and group R ( P<0.01). Compared with C and SL groups, the left cerebral cortical blood flow was significantly decreased at T 1, 5 and increased at T 2-4 in group L ( P<0.01). Compared with C and SR groups, the right cerebral cortical blood flow was significantly decreased at T 1, 5 and increased at T 2-4 in group R ( P<0.01). There were no significant differences in cerebral cortical blood flow at each time point between group C and group SL and between group C and group RL ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The mouse model of SGB via percutaneous posterior approach is successfully developed.Unilateral SGB can affect cerebral cortical blood flow on the block side, which shows a transitory decrease followed by a sustained significant increase.

Objective:To investigate the current status of the postpartum depression in Kaifu District in Changsha,and to explore the influential factors for postpartum depression.Methods:We selected the mothers,who had a delivery and met the inclusion criteria in Changsha during 2015,as the participants and established a prospective birth cohort study.The social demographic characteristics and health-related information for the mothers and their families were collected by using self-made questionnaire.The mothers' depression symptoms after one month postpartum were assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.We used the structural equation model to analyze the influential factors for postpartum depression.Results:A total of 961 cases were investigated.82 of them whose scores of EPDS were ≥ 9 points,and the incidence of PPD was 8.2％.The results of structural equation model revealed the influential factors and their correlations with postpartum depression.It has been shown that maternal age,maternal education level,per capita income of family,intention of pregnancy,pregnancy-related complications,mode of conception,mode of delivery,feeding patterns,birth weight,baby gender,and infant illness could exert effects on postpartum depression.Conclusion:The incidence of postpartum depression in Kaifu District is at a low level and the structural equation model can be applied to analyze the influential factors and their relations with postpartum depression.

Objective:To determine influential factors for delayed breastfeeding initiation.Methods:Using questionnaires to collect the data of 950 pregnant women and infants' feeding practices in Changsha,Hunan,logistic regression and decision tree model were used to determine influential factors for delayed breastfeeding initiation.Results:Mothers with timely breastfeeding initiation were 594 (62.5％),and those with delayed breastfeeding initiation accounted for 356 (37.5％).Mothers with timely breastfeeding initiation were more likely to use exclusive breastfeeding than those with delayed breastfeeding initiation (P＜0.05).Four risk factors were found by logistic regression model and decision tree model,including cesarean delivery,using feeding-bottle before breastfeeding initiation,falling ill,and vomiting during pregnancy.Receiver operating characteristic curve showed no significant difference in the predictive effect of the 2 models (Z=0.142,P=0.889).Conclusion:Cesarean delivery,using feeding-bottle before initiation of breastfeeding,and poor physical condition during pregnancy exert negatively effects on breastfeeding initiation.Health workers should help mother to timely initiate breastfeeding and enhance their confidence in exclusive breastfeeding.

Objective To analyze the effect of evidence based practice on feeding after spinal operation. Methods To formulate an answerable question, find the best available evidence, appraise the evidence and formulate the recommendations by using the method of evidence-based medicine. A total of 60 postoperative patients who received spinal operation were divided into observation group and control group (30 cases in each group). Those patients in control group received the routine diet guidance and the guidelines for the standardization of intake and consumption after spinal cord surgery were used for patients in observation group. The outcomes were evaluated by postoperative recovery and complications of patients after spinal operation. Results There were no significant difference in the incidence of nausea, vomiting , bloating and celialgia in the 5 hours after surgery and 2 hours after feeding between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of thirst and hunger in the 5 hours after surgery in observation group were 3.33％(1/30) and 13.33％(4/30).The incidence of thirst and hunger in the 5 hours after surgery in control group were 80.00％(24/30) and 83.33％(25/30). There were statistically significant in the incidence of thirst and hunger in the 5 hours after surgery between the two groups (χ2=36.27, 24.09, P<0.05). There were not statistically significant in the time of anal exsufflation and first defecation time between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusions Evidence-based practice in the use of guidelines for the standardization of intake and consumption after spinal cord surgery can guide clinical practice.