It is important to establish successfully animal models in the study of pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of heart failure.This article reviewe drecent animal models of heart failure.

It is very important to successfully establish stable and reliable animal models in the study of pathogenesis,pathophysiology,prevention and treatment of heart failure.Although the establishment,maintenance and a long time observation of right heart failure animal models are difficult,they have great clinical values.This article reviews the recent study about modeling methods,animal choice and modeling mechanisms of animal models of right heart failure.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and atrial fibrillation (Af) Methods The success rates of PBMV, changes of hemodynamic and echocardiographic indices after PBMV, restenosis rates during follow up and complications were observed in 125 patients with MS and Af (group Ⅰ) and 225 patients with MS in sinus arrhythmia (group Ⅱ) Results The success rate was 96% (120/125) and 99 6% (224/225) respectively in two groups ( P 0 05) respectively in two groups, but 5 cases of systemic embolization all occurred in group Ⅰ Conclusion PBMV was effective in patients with MS and Af, but not as good as in patients with sinus arrhythmia, so in patients with Af it should be much careful to select for PBMV and to prevent systemic embolization

Objective: Various quantitative assessments of coronary heart disease(CHD) risk factors was performed to evaluate severity and predicting its occurrence rate.Methods:282 cases,were selected to be scored by Framingham,PROCAM(The Prospective Cardiovascular Munster Study) and Chinese risk scores respectively.We compared the relationship between three risk scores and severity,extent of coronary artery through correlation analysis,and subsequently analyzed their predictive value.Results: Chinese risk score,PROCAM risk score,Framingham risk score were significantly correlated with extent and severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis(CAAS),with PROCAM risk score,the highest correlation of it and Framingham risk score,the smallest.Risk scores increased with coronary artery pathological change advancing.The areas under resident operation character(ROC) of Framingham risk score was the least,whereas that of PROCAM was the largest.Conclusion: Among the three risk scores described above used to evaluate the severity of CAAS and predict incidence of CHD,PROCAM risk scores was the superior.

AIM To investigate the relationship between myocardium chymase like activity and cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS The model of pressure overload hypertrophy was eatablished in rats. The changes of the HW/BW and LVH/BW and myocardium chymase like activity were investigated in the two groups of rats. RESULTS In cardiac hypertrophic rats 2,6,12 weeks after operation,the HW/BW and LVH/BW and myocardium chymase like activity were all significantly increased ( P

Objective To summarize the experiences and long-term follow-up results in the treatment of severe mitral stenosis by balloon expansion in one step. Methods A new one-step method for direct mitral balloon expansion of the mitral valve was performed in 492 patients with mitral stenosis. Their mean age was 41.2?10.5y (15-68 y). 156 patients were male, and 336 were female. Results PBMV was effectively performed in 492 cases,and the success rate was 98.2% (483/492);mitral valve area was enlarged from 0.89?0.18cm 2 to 2.21?0.41cm 2 . 211 cases were followed-up from 8 months to 98 months. Restenosis rate for the dilated mitral valve was 11.4% (24/211),death rate 4.2%(9/211),and mitral valve replacement was done in 5.2% (11/211). Mean operation time was 36.5?12.1min. Conclusion Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy by balloon dilatation gave excellent immediate and late clinical results.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of stent implantation for treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Methods:A total of 16 patients with pasthepatic inferior vena cave (IVC) obstruction syndrome were treated by balloon catheters ( Polythene and Inoue ) in percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) , then stent were inserted into the obstruction. Results: The residual pressure gradient after PTA and stent implantation was decreased from (4.6?0. 3 ) kPa to (2. 1?0. 1) kPa. The diameter of IVC after PTA and stent implantation was increased from (3.8?1. 7)mm to (14. 9?2. 0)mm. Conclusion : PTA and stent implantation are effective treatment for pasthepatic inferior vena cave obstruction.

Objective:Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia(AVNRT) is a common type of arrhythmia,for which radiofrequency ablation(RFCA) is the first therapeutic option.This study is to investigate the causes of 16 cases of temporary atrioventricular block(AVB) during RFCA and 2 cases of permanent AVB after RFCA in common and refractory AVNRT.Methods: We performed RFCA for 77 AVNRT patients by gradually increasing the ablation time,energy and frequency.Generally we chose the lower zone as the first position of ablation and,if invalid,moved the catheter gradually up to the middle or upper zone.Then we analyzed the correlation of AVB with A/V and H-wave in different positions.Results: The AVB risk was increased with the upward movement of the ablation zone and increase of A/V or H-wave(P 0.05). Conclusion: The method of gradually increasing the ablation time,energy and frequency can prevent temporary from permanent AVB.In the common AVNRT group,the middle and lower zone ablation,the multiple-peak A wave,small A wave and big V wave(A/V ≤ 0.45?0.37) with no H wave or H≤0.003?0.01 mV could significantly decrease the risk of RFCA related AVB,but the risk of AVB remains among the refractory AVNRT patients with CSO abnormality or expansion,even if with ablation in the lower zone.

Objective:To investigate the couse of 24 cases AVB during RFCA and 5 cases after RFCA in total 94 AVNRT patients. Methods:94 AVNRT patients received RFCA in which time, the energy and power were gradually discussed. The correlation among AVB and both different anatomical positions (upper, middle and lower zone) and A/V, H-value in intraventricular ablation mapping were studied respectively. Results: With the elevation of ablation zone, the AVB risk was also increased. The intraventricular ablation mapping showed that:①Increase of A/V and H-value means higher AVB risk;② Simultaneous increase of A/V and H-value would lead to the most dangerous result. Conclusion:It is of great importance to perform RFCA under such situation:middle and lower zone as ablation positions multiple-peak A wave, A/V(0.1-0.25) and no H or slightest H(≤0.02?0.03)mV are present in intraventricular ablation mapping, which could significantly lower the risk of RFCA-related AVB.

Objective:Comparing differences between transesophageal and the intracardia electrophysiologic study,to assure the clinical value of transesophageal pacing on diagnosis of various types of supraventricular tachycardia and different accessory pathway. Methods: Comparing the results of transesophageal atrial pacing(TEAP) and electrophysiological study(EPS) in 142 patients during radiofrequency ablation.Results:Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia(AVRT)with anterograde,P_(V1)-P_E was more than 25ms,R-P_E was more than 75 ms,with the exception of right septal accessory pathway(RSAP) P_(V1)-P_E was more than 25ms,R-P_E more than 75 ms,with the exception of right septal accessory pathway(RSAP) P_(V1)-P_E was 0,R-P_E more than 75 ms,in patient with atrial reentrant tachycardia(ART)P_(V1)P_E more than 25 ms,R-P_E more than 150 ms and R-P_E more than PE-R.Atrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia(AVNRT)P_(V1)-P_E less than 25 ms.R-P_E less than 70 ms.Conclusion:Transesophagus P_(V1)-P_E and R-P_E hold great clinical value on diagnosis of various types of supraventricular tachycardia and different accessory pathway.