The mitochondrial genome of a species is an essential resource for its effective conservation and phylogenetic studies. In this article, we present sequencing and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened labeonine fish, Cirrhinus reba collected from Khulna region of Bangladesh. The complete mitochondrial genome was 16,597 bp in size, which formed a circular double-stranded DNA molecule containing a total of 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes) with two non-coding regions, an origin of light strand replication (OL) and a displacement loop (D-loop), similar structure with other fishes of Teleostei. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated its close relationship with labeonine fishes. The complete mitogenome of Cirrhinus reba (GenBank no. MN862482) showed 99.96% identity to another haplotype of Cirrhinus reba (AP013325), followed by 90.18% identity with Labeo bata (AP011198).

The mitochondrial genome of a species is an essential resource for its effective conservation and phylogenetic studies. In this article, we present sequencing and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened labeonine fish, Cirrhinus reba collected from Khulna region of Bangladesh. The complete mitochondrial genome was 16,597 bp in size, which formed a circular double-stranded DNA molecule containing a total of 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes) with two non-coding regions, an origin of light strand replication (OL) and a displacement loop (D-loop), similar structure with other fishes of Teleostei. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated its close relationship with labeonine fishes. The complete mitogenome of Cirrhinus reba (GenBank no. MN862482) showed 99.96% identity to another haplotype of Cirrhinus reba (AP013325), followed by 90.18% identity with Labeo bata (AP011198).

Objective To explore the presence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Bangladesh and to understand the associated risk factors. Methods A retrospective sero-surveillance was performed on stored serum samples of dengue surveillance conducted from 2013 to 2016. Real time RT-PCR was performed on randomly selected acute serum samples to detect the Zika virus nucleic acid. Results Of 200 samples screened, one was found positive for ZIKV by real time RT-PCR and further confirmed by genome sequencing. The case was a 65 years old male from a metropolitan city of Bangladesh who had no history of travel outside Bangladesh. Phylogenetic analysis of partial E gene sequences from Bangladeshi isolates demonstrated a close relationship with ZIKV from Brazil and current South American strains clustering within a monophyletic clade distinct from African lineage. Conclusions Presence of ZIKV raises serious public health concerns in Bangladesh owing to its association with congenital anomalies/neurological-manifestations. We, therefore, recommend every suspected viral fever patient, particularly pregnant women be screened for ZIKV infection to rule out yet another emerging infection in Bangladesh.

Introduction: Community clinics provide one-stop healthcare services that is vital in primary healthcare. Measuring users' contentment is imperative to improving the quality of care at the doorsteps of the people. This article focuses on community clinics' importance and overall client satisfaction in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April 2019. Sixteen Upazilas from eight districts in Bangladesh were randomly selected for conducting interviews. The survey compiled local data regarding client satisfaction with the health care service of community clinics in Bangladesh. Results: A total of 760 female participants provided data. The majority (41%) were in the age group 18-24 years. This group showed more satisfaction than others (Odds Ratio 1.44). Childless married women were also more satisfied with the community clinic services than others (Odds Ratio 1.64). Furthermore, gender, education, and economic perspective were positive aspects of getting service from community clinics. Conclusion Although there is a challenge balancing psychosocial and medical care, promoting client-oriented care with a focus on overall comfort concerning the culture of the area is vital. This can be done with community-focused training and explaining written prescriptions better, including signs, symptoms, treatment, and referral points. Government backing has also been shown to be a strengthening source regarding primary healthcare services.