Insulin has been found to enhance specific immune function in experimental animals. However, it remains hitherto unnoticed whether the antigen-presenting capability and expression of Ia antigens of the macrophage, known to be essential for the induction of both cell-mediated immunity and humoral immune response to most antigens, could also be influenced by insulin. In the present study, it was demonstrated that insulin, in a concentration of 1.03?10~(-7) mol/L, promoted the antigen-presenting capability of human monocytes significantly. Furthermore, we found that the expression of HLADQ antigen on monocytes was markedly enhanced by insulin while that of HLA-DR determinant was not affected significantly. We suggested, therefore, that the promotion of antigen-presenting capability of human monocytes by insulin may be attributed, at least in part, to its enhancing effect on the expression of HLA-DQ antigen on the monocytes.

Developing college students' credit quality is the demand of the time and society,and the teachers' credit quality is the key to achieve this goal.However,the present situation is not optimal.To train the students with good credit,we should develop the teachers' credit quality,combine the education-leading and system-control,and construct an effective system containing education-leading,supervising,and rewards or punishments appraisal.

Objective A large number of injured earthquake patients were accepted by the hospital whilethe professional surgeons were relatively lack. This article introduced the hospital emergency management in 2008Sichuan Wenchuan Earthquake, China. Method Within 3 days, Central Hospital of Mianyang accepted andtreated over 1000 patients after Wenchuan Earthquake jolted on 12 May 2008,and within 2 weeks, the number ofpatients reached 1500. The hospital carded out emergency management plan: (1) emergency comprehensive treat-ment district was established, which was divided into traumatic surgery district, general surgery district, and gen-eral medical district. Traumatic surgery district is responsible for treating traumatic patients, and most doctors andnurses were in this district. The district also had preview, contamination, operation, isolation, monitoring sec-tions, and the tents were numbered and labeled. General surgery district and general medical district were responsi-ble for patients not from earthquake, and only few doctors and nurses were in the two districts. According to the in-jury degree, all the wounded were classified into acute and severe, moderate and minor injuries, and wore red,yellow and blue label on the wrists, respectively. The name, gender, age and diagnosis of each patient and thename of doctor were written on the label. The infectious patients and non-infectious patients were separated.Results Near 200 operations and near 300 operations were performed at one night and at one day, respectively.Within one week, only 1 patient had the lung infection, and one patient with gangrenous emphysema was effective-ly treated. In-hospital cross infection and epidemic of infection disease didn't happen. Conclusions Emergencymanagement model and mechanism, which referred to the model of the battlefield ambulance, played an importantrole in treating a large number of injured patients.

Objective To investigate the role of N-myc downstream regulated genes 2 (NDRG2) in attenuation of focal cerebral ischemic-reperfusin injury by sevoflurane preconditioning in rats.Methods Forty-eight healthy male SD rats weighing 280-320 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =16 each):sham operation group (group S),ischemia-reperfusion injury group (group I/R) and sevoflurane preconditioning group (group Sev).Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)for 120 min followed by 24 h reperfusion.In group Sev,2.0％ sevoflurane was inhaled 1 h once a day for 5 consecutive days at 24 h before MCAO.The neurologic function was evaluated at 24 h of reperfusion and than the rats were sacrificed,and the brain was removed for determination of infarct volume percentage,NDRG2 and activated Caspase-3 expression in ischemic penumbra by Western Blot and NDRG2 expression and location by immunohistochemistry.Results The infarct volume percentage,NDRG2 and activated Caspase-3 expression were higher,and neurologic function score was lower in groups I/R and Sev then in group S( P ＜ 0.05).The infarct volume percentage,NDRG2 and activated Caspase-3 expression were lower,and neurologic function score was higher in group Sev then in group I/R ( P ＜ 0.05).The intranuclear NDRG2 positive staining was decreased in group Sev than in group I/R.Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can reduce focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the expression and activity of NDRG2 and apoptosis in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the distribution of allergen tested by skin prick test (SPT) in about 5,843 allergic rhinitis patients in south Shanghai. METHOD: SPT test was conducted in 5,843 allergic rhinitis patients who came to our clinic from January 2007 to August 2012. The result was analyzed by age, sex and year. RESULT: The top three allergens by percentage are dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides culinae and fungus among 15 common allergens. Incidence rate between male and female in each year had statistical significance, both of which showed no increasing trend with year. Incidence rates among different age groups aging from 6 to 17 years' old had no statistically significant difference, but statistically significant difference among different age groups existed in other age groups. Incidence rate showed increasing trend with year in age group of 40-65, which was not observed in other groups. The incidence rate showed decreasing trend with age in male and female, while the incidence rate in male was always higher than female. CONCLUSION In south Shanghai, primary allergens causing allergic rhinitis are dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides culinae and fungus. Statistically significant difference about allergic rhinitis existed in age and sex. SPT has important significance in diagnosis of allergens.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Allergens ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate high risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)prevalence among married women in Beijing and to study the high risk flactors.nethods During March 2007 to September 2008.a total of 6185 married women sampled from 137 communities in 12 districts were screened bv HR-HPV DNA test and cytogical test.The interview was carried out with unified questionnaires.The databage was set up and twice entered in EpiDam 3.0.After checked up,the data were analyzed in SPSS 15.0.Results (1) The HR-HPV infection rate was 9.89%.The HR-HPV infection rate of the city zone,the suburb and the exurb were 9.34%,10.51% and 9.51% (P>0.05).The HR-HPV infection rate of the native and the oudander were 9.53%,11.30% (P<0.05).(2) The age distribution of HR-HPV infection was that the rate was around 10% among 25 to 44 age groups,which was the highest(11.21%) in 30 to 34 age group;then the rate was descended as the age raising,the rate of 50 to 54 age group was the lowest(7.78%).(3) Multiple logistic regression showed that the related risk factors of HR-HPV infection mainly included 1000 RMB and above of family income per person per month.possessing more than 1 sexual partner of her husband,outlander and hish levels of education.(4) The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)in HR-HPV positive group wag significantly higher than that in HR-HPV negative group(29.76% vs 3.32%,P<0.01).Conclusions(1)The HR-HPV infection rate among aged 25 to 54 years was 9.9% and there was no significant difference in area distribution.(2)The hish risk population which should strengthen screening was the married bearing-age women with high level of family income,outlander,high levels of education and her husband possessing more than 1 sexual partner.(3)HR-HPV infection is the main risk factor for CIN and cervical cancer.while does not provide a causal relationship with them.The high risk population should be checked regularly to understand the development of HR-HPV infection and CIN incidence.

Ruxolitinib， a small molecule inhibitor， selectively targets Janus kinase （JAK） by competitively binding to adenosine triphosphate on the catalytic site of the JAK1 and JAK2 domain， thereby inhibiting JAK activation and signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） phosphorylation and prevents the expressions of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Oral ruxolitinib has demonstrated promising efficacy for myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera. The topical Ruxolitinib cream， approved by the US FDA as the first non-segmental vitiligo home treatment drug， is set to be launched in domestic medical pioneer areas in August 2023 and is expected to bring about a breakthrough in the treatment of vitiligo. Clinical cases have also shown that Ruxolitinib cream has significant curative effects on atopic dermatitis， alopecia areata， and other conditions， indicating great application prospects.

We have previously reported that Cystatin C (CysC) is a pivotal mediator in the neuroprotection induced by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) preconditioning; however, the underlying mechanism and how CysC changes after stroke are not clear. In the present study, we demonstrated that CysC expression was elevated as early as 3 h after reperfusion, and this was further enhanced by HBO preconditioning. Concurrently, LC3-II and Beclin-1, two positive-markers for autophagy induction, exhibited increases similar to CysC, while knockdown of CysC blocked these elevations. As a marker of autophagy inhibition, p62 was downregulated by HBO preconditioning and this was blocked by CysC knockdown. Besides, the beneficial effects of preserving lysosomal membrane integrity and enhancing autolysosome formation induced by HBO preconditioning were abolished in CysC rats. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exogenous CysC reduced the neurological deficits and infarct volume after brain ischemic injury, while 3-methyladenine partially reversed this neuroprotection. In the present study, we showed that CysC is biochemically and morphologically essential for promoting autophagic flux, and highlighted the translational potential of HBO preconditioning and CysC for stroke treatment.
Animals ; Autophagy ; physiology ; Beclin-1 ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Cystatin C ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Lysosomes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuroprotection ; physiology ; Oxygen ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Transgenic ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy