A major challenge in bone tissue engineering is to amplify cell numbers with maintaining the desired phenotype. As a crucial element in bone tissue engineering,the field of scaffold is in the forefront of developments. Due to superiority in both cell expansion and conveyance,the approach of microspherical scaffold has latterly been adopted as the substrate of cell propagation,carrier of expanded cells,as well as scaffold of regenerated bone tissue. Combined with injectable matrices after cell encapsulation or attachment,the microsphere-based system provides an attractive method for highly efficient cell amplification and minimally invasive cell delivery for bone tissue engineering.

Objective To study clinical value of blood glucose, AFP and cholinesterase levels on the diagnosis and prognosis of severe hepatitis. Methods Retrospective analysis of chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis, chronic severe hepatitis, subacute severe hepatitis was carried out. In severe hepatitis patients, between the improved group and death group, blood glucose, AFP, cholinesterase differences, evaluate blood glucose, alpha-fetoprotein, cholinesterase levels on the diagnosis and prognosis of severe hepatitis value were compared. Results Subacute severe hepatitis, chronic severe hepatitis patients and blood cholinesterase levels were significantly lower than that in patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis(all P ＜ 0.05) ;and alpha-fetoprotein level was significantly higher than the level of chronic hepatitis B patients(P ＜ 0. 01) ;improved levels of blood glucose in patients with severe hepatitis, AFP, cholinesterase levels were significantly higher than the level of death group (all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Blood glucose, AFP, cholinesterase levels of liver disease progression and prognosis were important to determine the value.

BACKGROUND:Buccal Multiloop Removable Appliance can interceptively correct mutiple adolescent malocclusions. But the clinical problem of Buccal Multiloop fatigue fracture is not solved yet. How to prolong the fatigue fracture cycle is stil in the research stage. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different temperature of heat treatment on the Buccal Multiloop fatigue fracture cycle, thereby to select a relatively optimal method to enhance the fatigue fracture cycle. METHODS: Thirty-five left HL-2 Buccal Mltiloops were divided into seven groups according to different ways of heat treatment. Each group consisted of five samples. They were an untreated group, three pre-bending groups (320, 420, 520℃ heat treatment before bending) and three post-bending groups (320, 420, 520℃ heat treatment after bending). The dental stainless steel wires and Buccal Multiloop were respectively treated by low-temperature annealing. The data were recorded and evaluated after the samples tested by the 3D Simulating Movement of TMJ Testing Machine. The features of fatigue fracture were observed by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean values of the Buccal Multiloop fatigue fracture cycle from largest to smalest were as folows: 520℃ pre-bending group > 420℃ pre-bending group > 320℃ pre-bending group > untreated group > 520℃ post-bending group > 320℃ post-bending group > 420℃ post-bending group. The fatigue fracture cycle of Buccal Multiloop made of the dental stainless steel wires after 520℃ annealing treatment was longer than others. By the observation of scanning electron microscope, the fracture crack extension area had the tendency to expand, transient interruption was delayed and the tissue structure became more uniform.

BACKGROUND:There are various therapies for children limb fractures involving the epiphysis or the metaphysis. According to the different methods, studies on the growth of the epiphyseal plate are a lot, most of which focus on the effects of Kirschner wires with different diameters or holow screw internal fixation on the development of epiphyseal plate. However, there are rare studies on the influence of cross-epiphyseal plate internal fixation on the growth of epiphyseal plate as wel as the influence level. OBJECTIVE:To prepare a peri-epiphyseal fracture model in young rabbits and to observe the effects of cross-epiphyseal plate implantation and removal on the growth of epiphyseal plate. METHODS: Traverse fracture models were made 5 mm above the right femoral distal epiphyseal plate of 60 young rabbits, and then fixed with suitable “L” steel plate and four screws across the epiphyseal plate and peri-epiphyseal fracture line. The left side served as control. Eight rabbits were kiled and observed at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after modeling, respectively, to take out the femoral specimens for measurement of femoral length, thickness of the epiphyseal plate, and number of mastocytes per unit column. Histopathology observation was done and changes in mastocytes and thickness of the epiphyseal plate were detected. Another seven rabbits were selected to remove the metal plate, continued to feed for 2 weeks and finaly executed to observe the above-mentioned indexes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were significant differences in the above indexes between the plate and control groups at 4, 8, 12 weeks after modeling (P < 0.05 orP< 0.001) but not at 2 weeks after modeling (P> 0.05). These findings indicate that within 2 weeks after cross-epiphyseal plate internal fixation, proper pressue has no remarkable influence on the growth of epiphyseal plate; but after persistent internal fixation (> 4 weeks), the growth of epiphyseal plate can be partialy or completed retarded. (2) At 2 and 4 weeks after modeling, the plate was removed, and 2 weeks later, the femoral length, thickness of the epiphyseal plate and mastocyte counting per unit column were improved to different extents, and there were no differences between the plate and control group (P > 0.05). At 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, the plate was removed, and 2 weeks later, the femoral length and thickness of the epiphyseal plate were shortened, and the number of mastocytes per unit column was decreased obviously, which significantly differed from the control group (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that the chondrocytes in the proliferative and hypertrophy layers lose the differentiation and proliferation abilities, and the femoral length and epiphyseal plate thickness are difficult to recover.

Objective:To investigate the pahtogengesis and pathology of delayed xenograft rejection (DXR) after pig to rhesus monkey heart xenotransplantation.Methods:Heterotopic xenogeneic heart transplantation in the abdominal cavity was performed using piglet as donors.4 monkeys were used as recipients.Complete complement depletion was achieve in the recipients treated with repetitive doses of a high activity cobra venom factor (Y CVF).The recipients were immunosuppressed with a combination of cyclosporine A,cyclophosphamide and steroids.Sera were analyzed for C3,C4 levels and complement activity and anti pig endotheliocyte xenoantibody.The graft were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for C3,C4,C5b 9,IgM,IgG,necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha),intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1),CD57 (NK cells),CD68 (macrophages),CD4 and CD8.Results:The xenografts survived 8,10,13,13 days respectively and all grafts occoured DXR.Venular thrombosis was outstanding feature within DXR xenografts,complicated with interstitial edma,local hemorrhage and myocardial necrosis,with mild to moderate cellular infiltration.The serum C3 levels and complement activity almost decreased to 0 from the day of transplantation due to Y CVF,the C4 level began to decrease 2 4 days before the cardic xenografts losing their function.The anti pig endotheliocyte xenoantibody also decreased after transplantation,and slightly increased during DXR,all rejected xenografts showed C3,C4,C5b 9,IgG and IgM deposits in different degree.Large numbers of macrophages (50% of total leukocytes) were found infiltrating the entire xenograft,a few natural killer cells (8%～10%),some of CD4+T cells (15%) and CD8+T cells (25%) were detcted also,up regulation of ICAM 1 on the graft endothelial cells and TNF alpha in the interstitial were demonstrated in the rejected heart.Conclusion:Both Humor and cell mediated immunologic reaction may play an important role in pahtogengesis of DXR. [

Objective To discuss the safety and clinical efficacy of modified traction method using endoloop and clip for endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).Methods Fifty patients who underwent ESD at Renmin Hosptial of Wuhan University between August 2016 and February 2017 were randomly divided into two groups, including 25 patients in modified ESD group and 25 patients in conventional ESD group as control. The therapeutic conditions, dissection time and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results In the modified ESD group, the dissection time of submucosal exposure to the full dissection (19. 9±6. 5 min VS 26. 4±9. 2 min, P＝0. 001), total dissection time (27. 5±8. 1 min VS 35. 1± 10. 7 min, P＝0. 003), and dissection time per unit area (2. 4±1. 1 min/cm2VS 3. 3±1. 3 min/cm2, P＝0. 009) were significantly shorter compared with those in the control group. There were 1 case of delayed bleeding in the modified group and 2 cases in the control group with no significant difference ( P＝0. 248). No perforation occurred. Conclusion The modified traction method using endoloop and clip for ESD is safe and effective with a shorter operation time.

Objective To ascertain the specific activities of nigericin on inhibiting human epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)cells,and to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of nigericin on cell migration and invasion.Methods Cell viability under different treatments of nigericin(0.312 5,0.625,1.25,2.5,5,10,20,40,80 μmol/L)on EOC A2780 and SKOV3 cell lines was examined by CCK-8 assay,with DMSO as a control.The human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 and SKOV3 were treated with 5,10 or 20 μmol/L nigericin or with DMSO as a control.Transwell chambers was used to observe the impact of nigericin on migration and invasion of EOC cells.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of epithelial cell marker(E-cadherin),mesenchymal cell marker(Vimentin)and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-related transcription factors Slug,Snail,and Twist,as well as the expressions of proteins related to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway such as Gsk-3β,p-Gsk-3β and β-catenin under different concentration treatment of nigericin.Results CCK-8 assay showed that nigericin exhibited strong cytotoxicity on A2780 [ IC 50(16.19 ± 0.26)μmol/L,95％CI 1.077-1.341)] and SKOV3 [ IC50(11.87 ±0.21)μmol/L,95％CI 1.003-1.146] cell lines.Transwell chamber assay revealed that nigericin at different concentration(5,10,20 μmol/L)induced a remarkable reduction in the number of cells migrating through the membrane relative to the vehicle-treated controls in A2780 and SKOV3 cells [(121±9),(92±7),(59±5)/HP and(120.4±2.6),(91.8±5.5),(80.0±4.0)/HP,all P <0.05]; the invasive ability of A2780 and SKOV3 cells also inhibited [(61.2±3.7),(43.2±4.3),(23.6±2.1)/HP and(85.2±7.0),(65.2±4.6),(45.6±4.4)/HP,all P< 0.05].Western blot revealed that the increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of Vimentin,Slug,Snail,Twist,p-Gsk-3β,β-catenin in EOC cells with the nigericin treatment at different concentration(5,10 and 20 μmol/L)showed concentration dependence(P < 0.05).Conclusion Nigericin may induce EMT by activating Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway to promote the migration and invasion of EOC cells.

Obesity and exogenous hormone exposure are the well-established endometrial cancer risk factors, which are associated with chronic inflammation. Some evidences have shown that inflammation is potentially related to the increased risk of endometrial neoplasms. Aspirin is one of the most studied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which can benefit the endometrial cancer patients with obesity. Although aspirin-related bleeding has to be considered prior to therapy, in most cases, the benefits of low-dose aspirin therapy substantially will exceed the risk. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are expected to become effective new methods for the treatment of the tumors. This paper reviews the progress of aspirin in endometrial neoplasms.

In recent years, point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has developed rapidly in the fields of anesthesia and critical care. POCUS is widely used in clinic to monitor the function of human tissues and organs such as the heart, lungs, and diaphragm due to its visual, non-invasive, portable, and repeatable characters at the bedside. Diaphragm is an important structure to maintain respiratory function. Diaphragm paralysis or dysfunction can cause a significant decrease in inspiratory function. The patient's diaphragm function can be assessed through monitoring diaphragm thickness and activity by POCUS, and combined with other clinical indicators, the patient's recovery of respiratory function can be comprehensively evaluated, and rapidly identify the pathological conditions, such as diaphragm paralysis, diaphragm atrophy, diaphragmatic hypoplasia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Dynamic evaluation of the process from diaphragmatic dysfunction to recovery can provide guidance for weaning and extubation, and real-time feedback on the treatment effect. This article reviews the ultrasound evaluation methods and clinical applications to the diaphragm, in order to guide clinicians to use relevant indicators to comprehensively evaluate the structure and function of the diaphragm, and then diagnose and treat diaphragm dysfunction, which may help making clinical decision.

Objective To explore the impact of macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition(MMT)on pulmonary fibro-sis induced by acute lung injury by LPS.Methods Totally 21 male mice were randomly classified into 7 groups:control group,model group(LPS-PF)at different time points and intervention group of clodronate-liposomes(CL-LIP)treatement at different time points(n=3).Pulmonary fibrosis was identified by HE and Masson staining microscopy.The immuno-fluorescence technology was used for the evaluation of numbers of macrophage-to-myofi-broblast transition cells(MMT cell which co-expressed CD68 and α-SMA).Bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs)were randomly classified into two group:control(Ctrl)group and TGF-β1-treated group induced by transforming growthfactor-β1.α-SMA,FN and Col1 were detected by RT-qPCR.The expression of α-SMA,Smad3 and p-Smad3 protein was evaluated by Western blot.Results At day 7,the Ashcroft score of lung tissue in LPS-PF mouse model was significantly increased when compared with the Ctrl group(P＜0.01);While the score signifi-cantly declined when the model was pretreated with CL-LIP(P＜0.05).As detected by immuno-fluorescence stai-ning,in CL-LIP group the number of CD68-positive cells co-labeled with α-SMA was obviously less then that of LPS-PF group of the corresponding time point(P＜0.01).When the BMDMs were stimulated by TGF-β1 at 24 h,48 h and 96 h respectively,a higher expression of α-SMA,FN,Col1,were found in TGF-β1-treated group than that in Ctrl group at the corresponding time point(P＜0.01).The expression of Smad3,p-Smad3 significantly higher in LPS-PF group(at both day 7 and day 10)and TGF-β1-treated group(at both 48 h and 96 h)as compared to cor-responding control group(P＜0.01).Conclusions MMT promotes pulmonary fibrosis induced by ALI via LPS.Smad3 is proved to be involved in the MMT process.