BACKGROUND:Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technique is a newborn technology reprogramming human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, which can be used in disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the feasibility and advances of iPSC application in Alzheimer's disease, and conclude the insufficient and future of this technology. METHODS:CNKI and PubMed were searched for relevant articles concerning Alzheimer's disease and iPSCs, and the retrieval results were screened by relativity and repeatability. Finally, 30 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This review concludes the superiority of iPSC technology in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and in vivo harvest of nerve cells. The use of inducible pluripotent stem cells differentiated from patient's own cells is more practicable, but there are still many problems to solve at this stage, such as high-efficient and stable directional differentiation, safety of induced pluripotent stem cells, the most appropriate donor cells, and ethical disputes.

ObjectiveTo study the way for establishing prediction model of acute pancreatitis with secondary multiple organs dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in the early stage.MethodsThe linical data were collected from 113 hospitalized patients with acute pancreatitis admitted from October 2008 to October 2011.Some biomarkers within 48 h after the onset of acute pancreatitis were statistically analyzed by univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis in order to establish the prediction model evaluated by the ROC curve. ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ),serum creatinine ( CR),serum albumin ( P ＜ 0.05 ) identified by univariate regression analysis.These independent risk factors in the regression model were:ln (P/1 -P) =2.243 +0.002 × LDH + 0.014 × CR - 0.186 × ABL,likelihood ratio test ( x2 =66.46,P =0.000) ; in the ROC curve analysis:AUC 0.927 (95％ CI:0.875 -0.980),the best cut- off value of the model predicting probability was 0. 177 (sensitivity 82. 14％,specificity 85.88％,correctly classified 84.96％ ).ConclusionsEfficient prediction model could be set up by the logistic regression analyzing the early risk factors in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome following acute pancreatitis.

Objective To investigate the value of plasma soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 as a diagnosis marker of sepsis.Methods Articles on plasma soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 as a marker of sepsis which were public published in the PubMed,Ovid,Springer,Wanfang database from 1991-2012 were searched and conducted a meta-analysis by MetaDiSc and Stata.Results Seven articles were selected to the meta-analysis according to the inclusion criteria,of which cut-off values varied signicantly from studies.Due to the data heterogeneity (I2 ＞ 50％,P ＜0.05),random model was used to pool the effect sizes.The overall combined effect sizes:sensitivity =81％ (95％CI:0.76-0.86); specificity =81％ (95％ CI:0.76-0.86); DOR =30.03 (95％ CI:7.89-114.37) ; AUC of SROC =0.905 9; Q*-0.837 6.Deek' s funnel plot showed little publication bias.Conclusions Plasma soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 may be a useful adjunctive tool for the diagnosis of sepsis.However,further studies are needed in order to identify the best cut-off value in the diagnosis of sepsis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum high sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and prealbumin (PAB) and the acute heart failure during the early stage of acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients.Methods A total of 181 MI patients (male:n =154,85.1％ vs.female:n =27,14.9％),admitted between Seppember 2010 and September 2012,were enrolled.They were divided into heart failure group (n =114,63.0％) with Killip classification recorded and control group (n =67,37.0％) without heart failure.The levels of serum hs-CRP and PAB were determined from the venous blood in the followed morning after admission.The clinical data were analyzed by logistic regression,Spearman correlation,and ROC curve.Results The serum level of hs-CRP (mg/L) in the heart failure group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P =0.000),while the serum level of PAB (mg/L) in the heart failure group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P =0.000).High level of hs-CRP and low level of PAB were significantly correlated with Killip classification (rhs-CRP =0.234,Phs-CRP =0.003 ; rPAB =-0.321,PPAB =0.000).Serum hs-CRP (P =0.023,OR 1.086,95％ Cl 1.012-1.167) and PAB (P =0.038,OR O.991,95％ CI O.983-0.999) were the independent risk biomarkers of acute heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.The area under the ROC curve:AUChs-CRP =0.722,95％ CI 0.651-0.786; AUCPAB =0.723,95％ CI 0.652-0.787.Conclusions With high level of serum hs-CRP or low level of serum PAB during the early stage of acute myocardial infarction,patients were predisposed to the development of acute heart failure consequently.Both of them are the independent risk biomarkers of acute heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction.Furthermore,they were significantly correlated with severity of the heart failure in terms of Killip classification.

Objective To investigate the value of extravascular lung water (EVLW) in predicting the prognosis of sepsis acute lung injury (ALI) / acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods Relevant published articles concerned with EVLW both in Chinese and in English from 1991-2011 were searched,and Meta-analysis was carried out with Stata software. Results Seven articles were selected for Meta-analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The results indicated EVLW of dead patients group kept in a high level,while EVLW showed a down-trend in the survival group.The difference in level of EVLW between the two groups became more obvious with the day ( SMDd1＜ SMDd2 ＜ SMDd3 ) ( the 1st day:SMDd1=0.29,95％CI:0.047-0.532; the2nd day:SMDd2=1.64,95％CI:0.14-3.13; the 3rd day:SMDd3 =1.83,95％ CI:0.56-3.10).Conclusions EVLW and its dynamic change in the early stage of sepsis ALI/ARDS could predict the prognosis.This suggested the sustained high level would lead to high mortality.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum uric acid for patients with traumatic brain injury.Methods A total of 330 patients with traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score,GCS:3-14) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between November 2010 and October 2012 were enrolled.They were divided into a survival group (GOS:2-5) and a non-survival group (GOS:1).The levels of serum uric acid were measured from venous blood in the morning of the second day after admission.Clinical data were analyzed by logistic regression model,spearman correlation,and ROC curve analysis.Results Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum uric acid was significantly correlated with GCS (r =-0.270 1,P =0.000) and GOS (r =-0.251 2,P =0.000).Age,GCS,pupil reaction and serum uric acid were determined as independent predictors for death by logistic model.The adjusted OR of uric acid was 1.0048,(95％ CI:1.001 9-1.007 6,P =0.001).The area under the ROC curve was 0.718,(95％ CI:0.666-0.766),the optimal cut-off value determined by the Youden index was 304 μmol/L (sensitivity:60.24％,specificity:78.14％,correctly classified:73.64％).In the core model (Age + GCS + Pupil reaction),theR2 value was 0.476 4.With uric acid added into,the predictive power of the model increased to R2 =0.510 5 (7.2％ increased).Conclusions The level of serum uric acid is significantly correlated with the severity of TBI and could be used as an independent predictor for death.

Objective To explore the developmental tendency of eco-migrant children's extroversive behavior and the relationship between extroversive behavior and personality and family environment.Methods 856 eco-migrant children(aged 6-16)participated in the present longitudinal study.At first time the Child behavior checklist(CBCL),Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) and Family environment scale (FES) were used to assess their behavioral problems,personality and family environment.Participants' parents subsequently completed measures assessing behavioral problems every nine months for 27 months.Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling analyses.Results The scores of extroversive behavior in eco-migrant children were(10.09±7.11) at first time,(7.66±7.56) at the second wave,(8.54±7.49)at the third wave and(8.11±7.33) at the last time.During the longitudinal period,the descending trend of eco-migrant children's extroversive behavior was significant (β=-0.51,P＜0.05).The scores of psychoticism,neuroticism,family conflict,organization,cohesion and cultural factors were differently correlated with children's extroversive behavior (β=-0.67-0.32,P＜0.05).Family conflict predicted the developmental trend of children's externalizing (β=-0.46,P＜0.05).Conclusion During the longitudinal period,the level of eco-migrant children's extroversive behavior decreased,and personality and family environment have significant influences on it.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis invades the central nervous system (CNS) of humans to induce eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis and leads to persistent headache, cognitive dysfunction, and ataxic gait. Infected mice (nonpermissive host), admittedly, suffer more serious pathological injuries than rats (permissive host). However, the pathological basis of these manifestations is incompletely elucidated. In this study, the behavioral test, histological and immunohistochemical techniques, and analysis of apoptotic gene expression, especially caspase-3, were conducted. The movement and motor coordination were investigated at week 2 post infection (PI) and week 3 PI in mice and rats, respectively. The cognitive impairs could be found in mice at week 2 PI but not in rats. The plaque-like lesion, perivascular cuffing of inflammatory cells, and dilated vessels within the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were more serious in mice than in rats at week 3 PI. Transcriptomic analysis showed activated extrinsic apoptotic pathway through increased expression of TNFR1 and caspase-8 in mice CNS. Immunohistochemical and double-labeling for NeuN and caspase-3 indicated the dramatically increased expression of caspase-3 in neuron of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in mice but not in rats. Furthermore, western-blotting results showed high expression of cleaved caspase-3 proteins in mice but relatively low expression in rats. Thus, extrinsic apoptotic pathway participated in neuronal apoptosis might be the pathological basis of distinct behavioral dysfunctions in rodents with A. cantonensis infection. It provides the evidences of a primary molecular mechanism for the behavioral dysfunction and paves the ways to clinical diagnosis and therapy for A. cantonensis infection.
Angiostrongylus cantonensis* ; Angiostrongylus* ; Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Behavior Rating Scale ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 8 ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Cortex ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Gait ; Gene Expression ; Headache ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Meningitis ; Meningoencephalitis ; Mice ; Neurons* ; Rats ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Rodentia*

Objective To investigate the value of strong ion gap (SIG) in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) based on the revised Atlanta classification. Methods A total of 133 patients with AP admitted from January, 2015 to December, 2016 were enrolled. Of them, there were 55 with mild AP (MAP), 52 with moderately severe AP (MSAP) and 26 with severe AP (SAP). All patients with AP conformed to the diagnostic criteria of Guidelines or Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis set in 2014 in China. Patients with other underlying diseases that might influence the clinical outcome were excluded, including those with diabetic ketoacidosis, chronic renal failure and other disorders. The changes in blood SIG levels in each group were observed. The correlations between SIG and acute physiology, chronic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score, Ranson score and length of hospital stay were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were plotted to determine the efficiency of SIG, Scr, APACHE Ⅱ score, and Ranson score for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. Results The level of SIG in the SAP group was the highest, followed by the MSAP group and the lowest in the MAP group.There were significant differences in pairwise comparisons (P<0.01). The correlations between SIG and APACHE Ⅱ score (r=0.567, P<0.01), Ranson score (r=0.502, P<0.01), and length of hospital stay were positive (r=0.589, P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in the area under curve (AUC) between SIG and APACHE Ⅱ score (0.874±0.029 vs.0.895±0.025, P>0.05) and as well as Ranson score (0.874±0.029 vs. 0.890±0.027, P>0.05) for predicting moderately-severe acute pancreatitis, but SIG was superior to Scr (0.874±0.029 vs. 0.735±0.043, P<0.01). There was a significant difference in AUC between SIG and Scr (0.910±0.030 vs. 0.755±0.054, P<0.01), but no statistical differences between SIG and APACHE Ⅱ score (0.910±0.030 vs. 0.867±0.034, P>0.05) and Ranson score (0.910±0.030 vs. 0.871±0.032, P>0.05) for predicting severe acute pancreatitis. Conclusion SIG has important clinical significance for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis.

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system,with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)accounting for over 90%.Most DTC patients have a good prognosis after systematic treatment,but a few develop dedifferentiation of primary tumor site or metastases,progressing to radioiodine-refractory DTC(RAIR-DTC),leading to significantly worse prognosis,which is a major cause of thyroid carcinoma-related mortality.Dysregulation of sodium iodide symporter(NIS)expression and function is the main reason for iodine-131 therapy resistance in thyroid carcinoma,influenced by genetic changes,epigenetic changes,tumor microenvironment,autophagy,and other factors.Genetic alterations such as the BRAFV600E mutation and RET/PTC chromosomal rearrangements activate oncogenic signaling pathways,directly or indirectly affecting NIS expression and its normal localization on the cell membrane.Epigenetic regulation modulates specific gene expression patterns,regulating NIS gene expression levels,thereby affecting the radioiodine uptake function of thyroid cells.Components in the tumor microenvironment,including immune cells,cytokines,and extracellular matrix,may also disrupt iodine uptake by reducing the expression levels of NIS and/or disrupting its normal function on the cell membrane.Additionally,autophagy,as an intracellular metabolic regulatory mechanism,can also modulate NIS expression and its intracellular distribution,thus impacting the radioiodine uptake and the sensitivity to iodine-131 therapy.Reviewing the roles of these factors in thyroid carcinoma dedifferentiation comprehensively can provide a more thorough understanding of the occurrence and progression of RAIR-DTC,aiding in the exploration of new therapeutic targets,improving prognosis,and providing more effective personalized treatment strategies for patients.