Objective To invent a set of novel veno-venous bypass (VVB) device based on magnetic anastomosis technique which can be used in ex situ liver resection, and verify its clinical value and performance in animal models.Methods Each VVB device was constructed using three magnetic rings and an inverted Y-shaped tube with magnetic rings on each end.The magnetic ring was made of NdFeB with electrode cutting, and the tube was made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and preconditioned with heparin coating on the surface of the lumen.Ten dogs underwent the ex situ liver resection, and VVB was established via magnetic anastomosis technique with the novel VVB device during the operation.The time for completing VVB was recorded, and the hemodynamic indexes including the venous flow velocity, carotid pressure, central venous pressure and portal pressure was detected.The changes of intestinal lumen and kidney were also observed.Results It only took 6 ～ 10 minutes to establish VVB by the novel VVB device in the operation,and the hemodynamics stability was maintained smoothly during the anheptic phase.The shunt index of inferior vena cava and portal vein was 76.2％ and 75.5％, respectively.The congestion of intestinal canal and kidney were also alleviated during the anheptic phase.Conclusions It could reduce the time to establish VVB with magnetic anastomosis technique in ex situ liver resection.This study showed that utilizing the novel VVB device for intraabdominal VVB during the anheptic phase could be helpful to maintain the hemodynamics stability.

Objective To observe the effects of Tanshinone Ⅱ A sodium sulfonate (TSS ) on ischemia/reperfusion (I /R) induced cardiac injury in male (Sprague-Dawley,SD ) and explore its mechanisms.Methods Rats were subjected to a 30 min coronary arterial occlusion followed by 24 hours reperfusion.The survival rats were randomly (random number)divided into sham group (Sham group,n =10),ischemia reperfusion group (I /R group,n =10),low dose of TSS group (TSS-L group,n =10), medium dose of TSS group (TSS-Mgroup,n =9),high dose of TSS group (TSS-H group,n =9).A MAP heart function analysis system was used to measure hemodynamic variables,and TTC staining method was used to detect the myocardial infarct size.The levels of Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3,Lc3B/Lc3A,Beclin-1 and high mobility group box1 (HMGB1)were detected by western blot method.All data were analyzed by using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)(LSD-t test).Results Cardiac function in I /R group was lower than that in Sham group,and that was significantly improved by pretreated with TSS (P <0.05),but there were no significant differences in Pmin and DAP between Sham group and I /R group (P >0.05 ).The percentage of myocardial infarct size in TSS pretreatment group was significantly smaller than that in I /R group (P <0.05 ).Compared with Sham group,levels of Caspase-3 and Bax increased,and the Bcl-2 content was reduced obviously in I /R group (P <0.05).TSS pretreatment significantly down-regulated the levels of Caspase-3 and Bax protein (P <0.01).At the same time,the level of Bcl-2 was increased in all TSS pretreatment groups (P <0.01).Compared with Sham group,the ratio of Bcl-2 /Bax in I /R group was lower (P <0.05),and that was elevated in TSS groups (P <0.05 ).The change of autophagy related protein beclin-1 and Lc3B/Lc3A was in similar trend,and the levels of beclin-1 and Lc3B/Lc3A in I /R group were lower than that in Sham group (P <0.05),and those were raised in TSS pretreatment groups (P<0.05).The level of HMGB1 in I /R group was higher than that in Sham group (P <0.05),and compared with I /R group,the level of HMGB1 significantly decreased in TSS pretreatment groups (P <0.01 ). Conclusions The tanshinone ⅡA sodium sulfonate can protect the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion injury and the mechanism may be attributed to the inhibition of cell apoptosis and activation of cell autophagy.

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is one of the pathological types of nephrotic syndrome.Besides secondary factors,such as immune system diseases,hepatitis and tumors,the etiology is still unclear.Recent studies have shown that the incidence of IMN is increasing year by year,and the age of onset is gradually younger.Adolescents have become a representative group of new IMN patients.Researches have showed that adolescent idiopathic membrane patients have mild clinical and pathological manifestations,good renal function,and good prognosis.Most patients have fertility requirements,and there are clinical concerns about the application of hormones and immunosuppressive agents.This paper reviews the progress on the clinicopathological manifestation,treatment and prognosis of adolescent IMN patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of oral glucocorticoid combined with intravenous cyclophosphamide or oral cyclophosphamide in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy.Methods:According to the random number table method, 50 patients in our hospital were divided into oral cyclophosphamide group (oral group) and intravenous cyclophosphamide group (intravenous group). The oral group was treated with prednisone and compound cyclophosphamide tablets, while the intravenous group was given prednisone and intravenous injection of cyclophosphamide. The 24-hour urinary protein, serum albumin, liver and kidney function and adverse events were observed before treatment and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. The remission rate and drug safety of the two groups were compared.Results:After 3 months of treatment, the effective rate of oral group was 40%, which was significantly higher than that of intravenous group (4%). After 6 months of treatment, the effective rate of oral group (52%) was higher than that of intravenous group (44%). After 12 months of treatment, the effective rate of intravenous group (72%) was higher than that of oral group (64%), with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in albumin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, Cystatin C, glomerular filtration rate and 24-hour urine protein between the oral group and the intravenous group ( P>0.05). After 12 months of treatment, the level of albumin in the oral group and the intravenous group was significantly higher than that before treatment ( P<0.05), and the 24-hour urine protein level was significantly lower than that before treatment ( P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the intravenous group was lower than that in the oral group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Hormone combined with intravenous infusion of cyclophosphamide has better long-term efficacy and higher safety in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy.