No abstract available.
Ships*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Ships

Purchasing professionals utilize a e-commerce to sell or buy better products with good price. The marketers of agricultural products recognized that e-commerce has made significant inroads, and the Internet is fast becoming an essential tool for purchasing. The purpose of this research was to assess the realities of internet shopping malls of agricultural products including the actual condition of the sites, payment methods, order methods, membership and shipping methods. The results show that operating internet shopping mall of agricultural products are operated poorly in terms of buyer-seller relationship, payment and distribution. The results also provide some practical implication for marketers regarding the establishment of database, improvement of distribution and internet shopping mall operation, and importance of education on e-business for agricultural markets.
Education ; Internet* ; Ships

The importance of behavioral health after disaster must not overlooked when responding to an event. After disaster, victims experience various difficulties, which responders must keep in mind. They may frighten and confused to cooperate properly with assistance. Persistent distorted blame of self or others for the cause and result of the event is common while different degrees. Behavioral health, which major role is to relieve peoples suffering, also could help cooperation of rescues and accelerate fast recovery after the trauma. Distress of disaster victim could be presented with somatic complaints. Sudden increase of nonspecific physical complaint could be result of somatization of mental stress, which is often observed in disaster victims. After 'Sewol ship sunk' there were lots of need for behavioral health. We now know that how disastrous it could be and how desperate it would be while considering issues of peoples in need for psychological support after disaster. Not to end up in this hopeless situation, it is time to think about how to establish persistent framework to help disaster victims hidden overwhelming sufferings.
Disaster Victims ; Disasters* ; Ships

No abstract available.
Jeollanam-do* ; Ships*

No abstract available.
Chungcheongnam-do* ; Ships*

BACKGROUND: Seafaring is an inherently stressful environment. Because working time and leisure time is spent in the same confined environment for a prolonged period of time, many stressors present in seafaring can also be conceived of as chronic. We explored the effects of duration at sea, seafaring experience, environmental stressors, and psychological capital (PsyCap) on the sleep quality and fatigue of seafarers. PsyCap is a construct that draws upon ideas from positive psychology and positive organizational behavior, and is intended to capture an individual's psychological capacities that can be developed and utilized for performance improvements. METHODS: We collected survey data from a sample of seafarers working in the offshore re-supply industry (n = 402) and a sample of seafarers working on board combined passenger and cargo ships (n = 340). RESULTS: PsyCap emerged as a robust predictor with statistically significant relations to fatigue and sleep quality in both samples. PsyCap also interacted with duration at sea in explaining fatigue in seafarers working on board the passenger and cargo ships. Seafarers on passenger and cargo ships also reported significantly higher levels of fatigue than those working in the offshore re-supply industry. CONCLUSION: Coupled with emerging research showing that PsyCap is trainable, our results suggest that maritime organizations could have much to gain by being cognizant of and developing routines for continually developing the PsyCap of their employees.
Fatigue* ; Leisure Activities ; Psychology ; Ships

We intended to evaluate the Young's modulus of trabecular bone and apparent density from Computed Tomography(CT) and Spherical Indentation test and to quantify relation ship between them. The distal femurs(31 age, male, left and right) were prepared for exprimentatin and were embedded with repect to anatomical orientation. Then the specimens were scnned at 1 mm intervals on GE9800 CT scanner and the Hounsfield Units(HU, or CT number) were extracted from each CT image. After scanning, the bones were sectioned with diamond saw, producing 8 mm cubes of trabecular bone(72 eachs) from the metaphyseal region of both distal femur. The cubes were mechanically tested in inferior-superior(IS), anteriorposterior(AP), and medial-lateral(ML) direction with custom-made device, Spherical Indentatin Tester. After testing, the real apparent density of specimens were measured. The results of this study showed that the IS modulus was singificantly greater than both the AP and ML modulus and the AP modulus was also greater than ML modulus significantly(p<0.01). A linear relation ship between HU and real apparent density was found to be significant(R2=0.68) and significant power relationship between the apparent density and the tangent moduli(either by CT or physical measures) was also found.
Diamond ; Elastic Modulus* ; Femur ; Humans* ; Male ; Ships

No abstract available.
Islands* ; Jeollanam-do* ; Primary Health Care* ; Ships*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the use pattern of alternative therapies in middle aged women. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 530 women from 40 to 64 years of age. The data of this study was patients' records. The data was gathered from April 1st, 2004 to June 30th, 2004. Data was analyzed statistically by using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program. RESULT: It was shown that 63.5% of the subjects have utilized one or more types of alternative therapy. The most common type of alternative therapy was dietary and nutritional therapy 38.3%, and the place of use was the home 64.1%. The most common reason was a recommendation by friends. The degree of satisfaction after the use of alternative therapy was 95.2%. Among users of alternative therapies, the most frequent responses to each question were as follows; Motive of Use- "for health maintenance and promotion." (62.7%) In the relation ship between general characteristics and utilization of alternative therapy, religion (x2=12.33, p=.02), exercise (x2=8.21, p=004), and health status (x2=14.95, p=.005) showed a significant statistical difference. CONCLUSION: We found that middle aged women used alternative therapies more frequently than other populations. Therefore, it is suggested that medical doctors or nurses verify the true effects or side-effects from the most therapies or nurses verify the true effects or side-effects from the most common complementary or alternative therapies through experiments.
Complementary Therapies ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ships