AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents of the plant drug Cornus officinalis Sieb et Zucc. which is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine, having actions of invigorating the liver and kidney, strengthening the body, and of an astringent, etc. METHODS: A sedoheptulose gallate was isolated from the water extracts of fruits of C.officinalis using various chromatographies. The structure determination was based on spectral (UV, IR, 1H & 13CNMR and MS) and chemical evidence. RESULTS: Its structure was characterized to be 7-O-galloyl-D-sedoheptulose (I). The proportion of its three major conformation forms of β-F, α-F and α-P in aqueous solution was estimated to be 57:24:19 according to their C-1 peak heights in the 13CNMR spectrum. CONCLUSION: I was found in natural world for the first time and its β-D-heptufuranosyl form was the predominant existing tautomer in its equilibrated aqueous solution according to NMR determination.

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the preparation technology of phloroglucinol phospholipids complex and study its physicochemical properties.METHODS: The preparation technology for phloroglucinol phospholipids complex was optimized taking the molar ratio of phloroglucinol to phospholipids(A),reaction temperature(B) and reaction time(C) as factors and complex ratio of phloroglucinol and phospholipid as index.The dissolubility and oil/water partition coefficient of the complex in different solvents were determined and compared with crude drug,and the new complex's physicochemical properties were validated by UV and IR(infrared spectra).RESULTS: The optimized preparation conditions for phloroglucinol phospholipids complex were obtained as follows: A was 1∶2;B was 60 ℃ and C was 2 h.The complex ratio remained at above 98%.Compared with phloroglucinol crude drug,the phloroglucinol phospholipids complex in water or chloroform showed increase in both dissolubility and oil/water partition coefficient.UV and IR confirmed that no new complex had been formed from phloroglucinol and phospholipids.CONCLUSION: The optimized technology greatly enhanced the dissolubility and lipotropy of the phloroglucinol phospholipids complex.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and Re on injury of the neonate rat cardiomyocyte induced by aconitine alkaloids.Methods The influence of aconitine and ginsenoside Rb1,Re together in neonate rat cardiomyocyte was observed respectively.The influence of these components in neonate rat cardiomyocyte was examined by myocard zymogram.The expression of Ca2+ channel gene Cav1.2 mRNA of neonate rat cardiomyocyte after treatment was observed by RT-PCR.Results The ginsenoside Rb1 and Re were able to decrease the release of AST and LDH,reverse Cav1.2 mRNA abundance induced by aconitine.Conclusion The ginsenoside Rb1 and Re which together with aconitine can alleviate the side effects and boost up the therapeutic effects of aconitine.The action mechanism may be relation with that the ginsenoside Rb1 and Re can decrease injuries of the neonate rat cardiomyocytes and abundant expression of Cav1.2 mRNA induced by aconitine.

Objective The neuroprotection provided by recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO)on the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury has been confirmed but its mechanism is not fully understood.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of systemic administration of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO)on the expression of glutamate in the retina after acute high intraocular pressure in vitro.MethodsThe acute high intraocular pressure models were established by the perfusion of physiological saline into anterior chamber of the lateral eye in forty-eight Japanese white rabbits.Other 6 Japanese white rabbits were as normal control group.The experimental rabbits were then equally divided into the model group and EPO group,and hypodermic injection of rhEPO was only performed in the EPO group.Glutamate expression in the retina in both groups was observed by immunohistochemistry on days 1,3,7,and 14 after retinal ischemia-reperfusion.Glutamate expression in another 6 rabbit retina without any treatment was determined as normal by the same method.The use of animal followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.ResultsNo positive expression of glutamate was observed in normal rabbit retina,but positive expression response of glutamate occurred in the rabbit retina of the model group.The number of positive expression cells in the EPO group was more than that in the model group at each time point(P＜0.01).On day 14 after ischemia-reperfusion,the number of positive expression cells was 3.3±1.1 per high visual field in the retina of the model group but 0.3±0.2 in the retina of the EPO group,showing a significant decrease of positive expression cells in EPO group(P＜0.01).ConclusionSystemic administration of rhEPO can down-regulate the expression of glutamate in the retina with acute high intraocular pressure.This process may be one of the mechanisms that rhEPO protects the retina from ischemia reperfusion injury.

Nano-biosensors have elicited considerable scientific interest in various research areas, including nanotechnology, bio-technology, microelectronics, and analytical techniques. The development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology has produced nano-bio-sensors with increasing potential applications in disease diagnosis. Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens the health human males worldwide. Detecting the low-abundance biomarkers of prostate cancer is critical for its early diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and evaluation of its postsurgical recurrence. This review focuses on the research progress in nano-biosensing technology and its application in the detection of prostate cancer biomarkers.

Objective To investigate the changes of uveoscleral pathway by an I1 receptor agonist,moxonidine,and with pretreatment of antagonists topical administration,and to study the mechanism that moxonidine improves uveoscleral outflow.Methods Moxonidine was administered unilaterally and topically to rabbits and with pretreatment of the antagonists,namely,prazosin,yohimbine and efaroxan.FITC-BSA,a tracer agent,was injected into the anterior chamber after moxonidine treatment or with pretreatment of the antagonists.Frozen sections were undertaken at different time points between 2 to 10 h.Fluorescence intensity was observed in the sites of uveoscleral pathway in the sections by fluorescence microscopy.Results Bilateral fluorescence intensity treated with moxonidine was more intense than that with placebo,and the most intense regions of fluorescence were ciliary body and superchoroidal space.Fluorescence intensity by prazosin pretreatment was not significantly different compared to that by moxonidine,while yohimbine and efaroxan pretreatment decreased the intensity compared with moxonidine(P

Objective To design and develop a reliable,ease-to-use and cheap tissue microarryer for making tissue microarrays,and discuss its characteristics.Methods According to the facture procedure and principle of tissue microarray construction,HT-1 tissue microarrayer was designed and developed.The tissue microarrayer consisted of a recipient paraffin block molding machine,a punch needle,a negative-pressure embedding instrument,and a special manipulator.Using HT-1 tissue microarrayer,the array holes in recipient paraffin block could be punched by single-shaping technique in one action in several seconds,while no chapping was guaranteed.During the TMAs paraffin block embedding process,the remnant air bubble between the tissue cylinders and array holes in recipient paraffin block could be exhausted rapidly and completely.Results Using HT-1 tissue microarrayer,an array holes recipient paraffin block(several to several hundreds holes)could be made in several seconds.Several TMAs blocks with 56 tissue cylinders(1.5 mm in diameter)were constructed easily and quickly within 20 min.Under HE and immunostaining procedures,the tissue cores were well aligned,and orientation was properly done.The tissue cores on the slide maintained intact histological structure.The tissue structure and background of the HE and immunostaining were clear.There was less sample loss(the loss rate was less than 1.0%?1.1%).Conclusion HT-1 tissue microarrayer is a simple,economical and high efficiency/cost(E/C)and easy-to-use device.

Objective To explore expression of endogenous ouabain(EO) in multiple adrenal tumors.Methods Thirty-one cases of adrenal tumors and 6 cases of healthy adrenal tissues were selected. The expression of EO in the adrenal tiss ue was detected with immunohistochemical streptavidin peroxadase conjugated(SP) method.Results Most of EO positive products were localized in cy toplasm of the zona reticularis of human adrenal cortex, and positive products s howed to be fine granular. There was no positive signal in the medulla. EO showe d on diffused positive in patients with pheochromocytoma accompanied high blood pressure[SBP:(165.22±7.61) mmHg, DBP:(105.52±4.26) mmHg], but there were neg ative in ones with normative blood pressure[SBP:(118.52±4.58) mmHg, DBP:(83±3.60) m mHg]. The expression of EO was positive in all adrenocortical hyperplasic, aden oma an d carcinoma, no matter its high or normative blood pressure. The degree of expre ssion of EO in adrenal tissues was related to the level of BP.Conclusion Expression of endogenous ouabain(EO) in health y adrenal tissue and adrenal tumors was a valuable morphological and pathophysio logical clue for the research on ouabain.

Objective:To correlate bone mineral density with serum bone metabolism indexes in patients with hyperthyroidism.Methods:Thirty patients with hyperthyroidism who received treatment in the General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. from January 2018 to August 2019 were included in the hyperthyroidism group. Additional 30 healthy subjects who concurrently received routine physical examination were included in the control group. Bone mineral density in all subjects was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone metabolism indexes in all subjects were measured using a Roche chemiluminescence instrument: 25-hydroxyvitamin D level [25(OH)D], aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and beta-cardiotoxin (β-CTX). Correlation between bone mineral density and serum bone metabolism indexes was analyzed using Spearman method.Results:Bone mineral density in lumbar vertebrae 1-4 [(0.86 ± 0.14) g/cm 3], left femoral neck [(0.79 ± 0.07) g/cm 3] and left hip joint [(0.72 ± 0.10) g/cm 3] in the hyperthyroidism group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(1.28 ± 0.21) g/cm 3, (1.03 ± 0.18) g/cm 3, (0.86 ± 0.13) g/cm 3, t = 9.115, 6.806, 4.675, all P < 0.001]. There were 6 cases of osteoporosis, 12 cases of osteopenia and 12 cases of normal bone in the hyperthyroidism group. There was 1 case of osteoporosis, 6 cases of osteopenia and 23 cases of normal bone in the control group. There was significant difference in the number of cases developing osteoporosis between hyperthyroidism and control groups ( Z = 2.968, P < 0.05). Serum level of 25(OH)D in the hyperthyroidism group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(16.89 ± 4.31) μg/L vs. (24.13 ± 5.48) μg/L, t = 5.688, P < 0.001]. Serum levels of PINP and β-CTX in the hyperthyroidism group were significantly lower than those in the control group [PINP: (49.37 ± 10.23) μg/L vs. (47.68 ± 6.49) μg/L; β-CTX: (774.56 ± 159.67) ng/L vs. (534.32 ± 167.48) ng/L, t = 45.974 and 5.687, both P < 0.001]. In the hyperthyroidism group, bone mineral density at lumbar vertebrae 1-4, left femoral neck and left hip joint was positively correlated with serum level of 25(OH)D ( r = 0.417, 0.396, 0.401, all P < 0.05), and it was negatively correlated with serum levels of PINP and β-CTX ( r = -0.414, -0.399, -0.432, -0.404, -0.387, -0.412, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Hyperthyroidism patients generally have low bone mineral density and accelerated bone metabolism. It is of great significance to regularly monitor bone mineral density and serum bone metabolism indexes in hyperthyroidism patients to prevent osteoporosis.

Objective: To understand the effect of dobutamine on the integrated backscatter of myocardium. Methods: Nineteen open-chest dogs were detected by HP Sonos 5500 with S8 transducer, and the WT, AIBS and CVIB were measured before and after the dobutamine stress. Results: During the dobutamine stress, following the increase of WT, the transmural, subepicardial and subendocardial CVIB all increased. And the increase of subepicardial CVIB was greater than that of subendocardial CVIB, leading to the decrease of TGI. But the AIBS didn't change significantly in the whole process. Conclusion: Dobutamine can enhance myocardium CVIB but has no obvious infleunce on AIBS.