Objective To establish a new rat model of glycation.Methods D-galactose((150 mg/kg)) was established in rats by intraperitoneal injection for eight weeks.Methods After continuous administration of D-galactose for eight weeks,the level of two-hour blood glucose、activity of aldose reductase、level of fructosamine in serum、the amount of glycohaemoglobin and advanced glycation end-products are all higher than that of control(P

Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conservative signal pathway controlling cell growth,differentiation,apoptosis and self-renewal.This signal pathway is often abnormally activated in tumor development and progression,which can cooperate or antagonize with other signal pathways to regulate tumor prolifera-tion,migration and invasion.This paper makes a review of the recent research of Wnt signaling pathway progression and its function in tumor growth regulation.

B-ultrasonic manifestations of 65 cases of cryptorchlchsms including location and size as well as internal structure of tests are analysed.Among these seventy-four per cent cases Were con-firmed by operations.It is Considered that B-ultrasonic imaging has important diagnostic value for cryptorchidism.

Objective To establish a rapid determination method for sulfate in water. Methods In the weak acid solution, sulfate connected with barium chromate into sulfate barium and chromate. Surplus barium chromate precipitated when adding the mixture of CaCl2 and NH3?H2O. The chromate replaced by sulfate was detected at wave length of 420 nm. Results The RSDs were 1.8%-6.8% and the recovery rates were 98.9%-101.0%. Conclusion The method was rapid, simple and its sensitivity and accuracy can meet the requirement of standard examination methods for drinking water.

OBJECTIVE To describe the surgical experience in the repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)rhinorrhea treated by endoscopic transnasal approaches. METHODS From Oct. 2003 to Dec. 2008, 38 patients with CSF rhinorrhea were treated. Endoscopic endonasal approaches and surgical techniques in repair of CSF leaks were reviewed in a series of 38 patients included 21 patients with traumatic CSF leakage, 10 patients with spontaneous CSF leakage, and 7 patients with other reasons. RESULTS Followup of 6 months to 3 years after operation, successful rate at first attempt was 92.1%. Two patients needed a second surgical repair and one patient a third surgical repair. The complications included meningitis and acute obstructive hydrocephalus in two patients respectively. CONCLUSION The endoscopic endonasal approaches is the first choice for repair of CSF leakage for its minimal invasive injury and high successful rate. Leakage site identification, site preparation, accurate graft placement and postoperative management are critical to the success of operation.

BACKGROUND: As the damage caused by protein glycation is one of the mechanisms of diabetes, it is helpful to treat diabetes related diseases with the understanding of the inhibition of berberine on protein glycation and the protection to the brain damage caused by protein glycation.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of berberine on glycated brain damages induced by D-galactose in model rats.DESIGN: Randomly grouping paralleled control study.SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College of Jinan University from June to October 2005. Ninety SD rats (6 weeks old) were selected and divided into 6 groups: control group, model group, hydrochloride aminoguanidine group and high (300 mg/kg), middle (150 mg/kg) and low (75 mg/kg) doses berberine groups with 15 rats in each group. The glycated models were established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose. The main drugs:berberine was from Guangzhou Wanji Drugs Limited Company; D-galactose was from Shanghai Yuanju Bioscience Technology Limited Company.METHODS: The rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected the normal saline for 8 weeks; rats in other groups were injected 5%D-galactose (150 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. From the 3rd week, the hydrochloride aminoguanidine group was infused hydrochloride aminoganidine (150 mg/kg); the three doses berberine groups were given corresponding doses berberine; the control group and model group were given distilled water for 6 weeks with the volume of 10 mL/kg. At the end of the 8th week, the erythrocyte aldose reductase activity was determined by coomassie brilliant blue method; the level of plasma glycohemoglobin was measured by thio-barbituric acid colorimetry and the fructosamine in serum was measured by nitroblue tetrazolium colorimetry. The quantity of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in serum, and AGEs, malondialdehyde (MDA), and activity of superoxide edismutase (SOD) in brain tissue and calcium ion in neurons were also dertermined. Moreover, the changes of mitochondria in brain hippocampus cells were observed under electronic microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The AGEs, plasma glycohemoglobin, serum fructosamine and aldose reductase activity. ②AGEs in brain tissues. ③Calcium level in brain. ④MDA content and SOD activity in brain tissues. ⑤Changes of mitochondria in hippocampus neurons.RESULTS: All 90 animals were involved in the result analysis. ①Aldose reductase activity and glycated product content in serum: After the rats were treated with D-galactose for 8 weeks, the aldose reductase activity in red blood cells and the content of fructosamine in serum, glycohemoglobin,AGEs in the model group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01); After treated by high and middle doses berberine for 6 weeks, the activity of aldose reductase and content of fructosamine in serum (absorbancevalue of hemoglobin every 10 g), glycohemoglobin, and AGEs were obviously lower than those in the control group [(1.07±0.39), (1.22±0.47), (1.76±0.30) nkat/g, t=5.052, 5.484, P ＜ 0.01;(0.740±0.142), (0.862±0.131), (0.958±0.083) mmol/L, t=7.829, P ＜ 0.01,t=2.404, P ＜ 0.05; 58.434±12.135, 64.614±13.418, 83.747±7.990,t=4.922, 6.748, P ＜ 0.01; (3.104±0.814), (2.937±0.514), (4.156±0.860) U/mg,t=4.104, 3.440, P ＜ 0.05]; the aldose reductase activity of the low dose berberine group was lower than the model group (P ＜ 0.05), which had no obvious effect on glycated products. ②AGEs in brain tissues: The contents in the hydrochloride aminoganidine group, high and middle doses berberine groups were lower than the model group [(10.52±1.22), (10.95±1.75),(11.95±2.27), (14.26±3.51) U/mg, t=-3.892, -3.263, P ＜ 0.01, t=-2.139,P ＜ 0.05], and the low dose berberine had little effect (P ＞ 0.05). ③Calcium level in neurons: The levels in the hydrochloride aminoganidine group,and high dose berberine groups were lower than the model group.[(271.52±32.71), (293.84±31.58), (337.15±58.49) nmol/L, t=-3.421, P＜ 0.01, t=-2.275, P ＜ 0.05], the low dose berberine group had no obvious effect (P ＞ 0.05). ④MDA content and SOD activity in brain tissues: MDA contents in the hydrochloride aminoganidine group, high and middle doses berberine groups were lower than the model group, and the SOD activity was markedly higher than the model group [(2.09±0.16), (2.12±0.22),(2.41±0.12), (2.54±0.21) μmol/g, t=6.601, 5.348, P ＜ 0.01, t=2.082, P＜ 0.05; (8.79±1.09), (8.80±1.52), (7.90±1.48), (6.48±1.34) mkat/g, t=4.571,4.254, P ＜ 0.01, t=2.226, P ＜ 0.05]. ⑤Mitochondria structure in brain hippocampus cells: Under the electronic microscope, mitochondria in brain hippocampus cells of the model group appeared obvious swelling with broken crests and disorganized structure, even obvious big vacuoles were observed. In the hydrochloride aminoganidine, and high and middle doses berberine groups, no obvious swelling was observed with vacuoles only in a few mitochondria. Nevertheless, obvious swelling appeared in mitochondria of low dose berberine group with broken crest and disorganized structure,and vacuoles were observed.CONCLUSION: D-galactose-induced damage in mitochondria may be related to AGEs formation in brain tissue, maladjustment of calcium ions in neurons and oxidative stress in rat models. Berberine can inhibit glycation induced by D-galactose and protect rat brain tissues from glycated damage.

AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents of the plant drug Cornus officinalis Sieb et Zucc. which is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine, having actions of invigorating the liver and kidney, strengthening the body, and of an astringent, etc. METHODS: A sedoheptulose gallate was isolated from the water extracts of fruits of C.officinalis using various chromatographies. The structure determination was based on spectral (UV, IR, 1H & 13CNMR and MS) and chemical evidence. RESULTS: Its structure was characterized to be 7-O-galloyl-D-sedoheptulose (I). The proportion of its three major conformation forms of β-F, α-F and α-P in aqueous solution was estimated to be 57:24:19 according to their C-1 peak heights in the 13CNMR spectrum. CONCLUSION: I was found in natural world for the first time and its β-D-heptufuranosyl form was the predominant existing tautomer in its equilibrated aqueous solution according to NMR determination.

This paper introduces the design of Special Equipment Tracking System (SETS) , an augmentation to HIS. SETS makes large-scale and medium-sized hospitals free from many problems in the management of special equipment.

Objective To develop a rapid determination method of nitrate-N in water.Methods In concentrated sulfuric acid,2-isopropyl-5-methyphenol reacts on nitrate and produces the nitro-compound which may turn into the yellow compound in the alkaline solution for the moleculars rearrange.The content of nitrate-N in water can be calculated according to the absorption value at the wave length of 415 nm.Results A good linear relation was found between the concentrations of nitrate-N and the absorption values in the range of 0-15.0 mg/L.The lowest determination concentration was 0.25 mg/L,the recovery rates were 96%-108% and RSD was 1.6%-4.0%.The results were consistent with those determined by UV spectrophotometry.Conclusion The method was simple,sensitive,rapid and accurate.

AIM: To study the interactions between skin tactile and visceral nociceptive inputs in the ventroposterior lateral (VPL) nucleus of the rat thalamus. METHODS: Visceral nociceptive inputs were generated by colorectal distension (CRD). Skin tactile inputs were generated by 10 Hz skin puff. They were delivered in sequence to investigate the changes in reaction to the test stimulus after the conditioning stimulation. RESULTS: Among the isolated 78 single VPL neurons that had response to both CRD and skin tactile stimuli, 44% (31/70) had their response to CRD reduced by the preceding conditioning tactile stimulation, and 54% (38/70) had their tactile response enhanced by the preceding CRD. The skin receptive fields of the majority of the cells were located along the caudal part of the Meridians of Stomach and Gallbladder of Chinese medicine. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Conditioning tactile inputs may inhibit noxious colorectal inputs, but this effect was short-lasting and limited at single neuron level. (2) On the other hand, pre-existing visceral nociception may cause abnormally high discharge of thalamic neurons, a phenomenon that may be related to the clinically seen allodynia on the body surface in visceral lesions.