Objective To detect the apoptosis of femoral head cartilage cells and to observe the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the tissues of the femoral head,as well as to explore the main pathway for regulating the apoptosis in steroid induced by juvenile rabbit models with avascular necrosis of femoral head.Methods The models with avascular necrosis of the femoral head and the control group model were made in New Zealand infancy albino rabbits induced by glucocorticoid(GC).The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of Caspase3,Caspase-8,apoptosis protease activating factor-1 (apaf-1),calpain-1 in the femoral heads.Results 1.The integrated optical density(IOD) values of Caspase-3 in GC-induced subgroup,the subgroup that was not induced by GC and control group were 25 142.72 ± 21 528.48,2 069.63 ± 1 096.96 and 301.80 ± 99.66,respectively.The IOD values of Caspase-8 in GC-induced subgroup,the subgroup respectively and the control group were 24 942.63 ± 18 942.99,2 016.31 ± 1 518.70,236.85 ±97.94,respectively.The IOD values of apaf-1 in GC-induced subgroup,the subgroup that was not induced by GC and the control group were 8 5 14.23 ± 6 384.20,1 118.49 ± 1 360.59,95.13 ± 38.05,respectively.The IOD values of calpain-1 in GC-induccd subgroup,the subgroup that was not induced by GC and control group were 9 636.71 ± 9 123.81,1 881.10 ± 3 277.86,126.71 ± 47.35,respectively.The IOD value differences of the Caspase-3 between GC-induced subgroup and the subgroup that was not induced by GC,the control group were extremely significant (H =l 1.470,23.996,P ＜ 0.01).The IOD value differences of the Caspase-8,apaf-1,calpain-1 between GC-induced subgroup and the control group were extremely significant (H =22.178,22.808,13.553,P ＜ 0.01).2.The linear regression analysis results showed that under the joint action of Caspase-8,apaf-1,calpain-1,only the Caspase-8 could significantly predict Caspase-3,and its regression equation regression got significant effect and could explain 40.3％ of the variance;while the regression effects of the apaf-1 and calpain-1 to Caspase-3 were not significant.Conclusion Death receptor pathway might play a major regulation role in the apoptotic process of avascular necrosis.

This experiment was aimed to shed light on the correlation and quantitative relationships between the width of bovine periodontal ligament (PDL) and the elastic modulus and, more over, between the width of bovine PDL and the capacity ratio of collagen fibers. The width and length of periodontal ligament of PDL were determined by stereomicroscope, and the elastic modulus by the materials testing systems. The collagen fibers in cross section of the specimen were stained with 1% Sirius Red F3B in saturated carbazotic acid, and the photo of stained PDL was collected by stereomicroscope. Image pro plus6.0 image analysis software was used to measure and calculate the capacity ratio of collagen fibers. It was found that there is a negative correlation between the width of bovine periodontal ligament and elastic modulus. The correlation coefficient is -0.21 and the simple linear regression model is Y = 71. 681-0.021x (Width of PDL); there is a positive correlation between capacity ratio of collagen fibers and elastic modulus. The coefficient correlation is 1.583 and the simple linear regression model is Y = -34.944 + 1.583x (The percentage of collagen fibers). Thus, the elastic modulus of bovine PDL increases while the width of bovine PDL decreases, and it increases while the capacity ratio of collagen fibers increases.
Animals ; Cattle ; Collagen ; chemistry ; Elastic Modulus ; Periodontal Ligament ; physiology ; Tensile Strength ; Tooth Root ; anatomy & histology

Objective:To understand the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in Hunan Province.Methods:According to the audit methods and evaluation criteria specified by the National Cancer Registration Center, the registration data of CLL reported by 24 tumor registries was included. Through the research method of retrospective analysis, the selected registry data was calculated and analyzed according to the year, administrative division, urban and rural areas, gender and age.Results:A total of 104 newly diagnosed CLL patients were diagnosed in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2015, with an average annual morbidity of 0.39/100, 000. The morbidity in 2014 and 2015 was 0.39/100, 000 and 0.39/100, 000, respectively. The annual average morbidity in Zhuzhou was 0.8/100, 000, which was the highest among municipalities. The annual average morbidity in Kaifu District of Changsha was 1.65/100, 000, which was the highest among district-level administrative divisions. The morbidity of urban was higher than that of rural (Urban vs Rural, P=0.006). The male to female morbidity was 1.7∶1. The cases were mainly concentrated in the 61-70-year-old population, accounting for 33.65% of all cases (35/104). There were 64 patients died of CLL in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2015, and the average annual mortality was 0.24/100, 000. The mortality in 2014 and 2015 was 0.22/100, 000 and 0.26/100, 000, respectively. The average annual mortality in Hengyang was 0.53/100, 000, which was the highest among municipalities. The average annual mortality in Furong District of Changsha was 0.74/100, 000, which was the highest among district-level administrative divisions. The mortality of urban was higher than that of rural but with no significant difference ( P=0.006). The male to female mortality rate was 1.4∶1. The deaths were mainly concentrated in the 71-80-year-old population, accounting for 29.69% of all deaths (19/64). Conclusions:The morbidity of CLL in Hunan Province is much lower than that of European and American populations, and it mainly occurs in the elderly people. It is more common in men. The morbidity of urban is higher than that of rural and morbidity in Zhuzhou is the highest. The death of CLL patients was mainly in middle-aged and elderly population, with more males. The mortality of urban is slightly higher than that of rural and the mortality in Hengyang is the highest.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), a label-free molecular imaging technique, has been applied widely in the spatial localization of small molecule metabolites, lipids, peptides, and proteins, with its unique advantage of high spatial resolving power compared to traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).With the nonstop advancement of its achievable sensitivity and spatial resolution, MSI technique has been providing novel perspectives into the preclinical studies of drugs, such as in vivo localization of drugs and their metabolites, visualization of drug metabolism, and drug delivery tracking.This review introduces the basics of MSI techniques, including basic principles, key features, technical advantages, and limitations, with particular highlight of the recent applications of MSI in drug efficacy and safety evaluation, drug distribution research, drug delivery research, and analysis of Chinese medicine from recent publications, aiming to promote the utilization and further expansion of MSI in the research and development of drugs.

Objective According investigate the expression of NLRP3 in liver tissues of mice with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI),to determin the role of NLRP3 in the process of HIRI.Methods Established mice model of partial HIRI.Forty-two male C57BL/6 mice (aged 7 to 8 weeks,weight 20 to 25 g) were respectively divided into 7 groups:no-treatment control group,sham operation group,HIRI groups (2、6、12、24 h) and CY-09 group,6 mice in each group.The injury of the hepatic tissues in the 7 groups was analyzed based on detecting the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),interleukin-1β (IL-1β),interleukin-18 (IL-18),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by ELISA.HE and TUNEL staining were used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissues after HIRI.Western blotting assay were carried out to detect the expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase-1.Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (Mean ± SD),and one-way variance analysis was used for comparison between groups.If the variance was not uniform,Dunnett C test was used.Results Serum ALT,AST,IL-1 β,IL-18 and TNF-α of mice detected in HIRI groups were higher than no-treatment control group and sham operation group at all endpoints (P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in the liver tissues of mice in the HIRI groups were significantly higher than that in the no-treatment control group and sham operation group.Serum ALT,AST,IL-1β,IL-18 and TNF-α of mice detected in CY-09 group were lower than HIRI groups at all endpoints (P ＜ 0.05).Less hepatocellular necrosis were exhibited in CY-09 group,comparing to HIRI groups.The hepatocyte apoptosis rate of mice in the CY-09 group was significantly lower than that in the 12 h HIRI group (P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of NLRP3 in the liver tissues of mice in the CY-09 group was significantly lower than that in other groups.The relative expression of Caspase-1 in the liver tissues of mice in the CY-09 group was significantly lower than that in other groups except the no-treatment control group and sham operation group.Conclusions HIRI cause an increase in NLRP3 expression.The inhibition of NLRP3 can reduce HIRI.

Objective:To demonstrate the clinical significance of group A streptococcal infection (GAS) in patients with enthesitis related arthritis (ERA).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on ERA (136) and PolyRF-/Oligo juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (272) patients in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2016 to 2018. Anti-streptococcal hemolysin "O" (ASO) was tested and documented in all patients. The infection rate of GAS was compared between patients with ERA and PolyRF-/Oligo JIA. Patients with ERA were divided to two groups according to the result of ASO (ASO positive and ASO negative). All the clinical data were documented and compared within the two groups. The statistical methods used mainly include t test, rank sum test, chi-square test, and Spearman correlation analysis.Results:The GAS infection rate of patients with ERA was higher than patients with PolyRF-/Oligo JIA (17.6% vs 9.5%, χ2=5.52, P=0.019). In ERA patients, clinical data were analyzed, and a statistical significant difference was observed in the presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 between ASO positive and ASO negative group [75.0%(18/24) vs 49.1%(55/112), χ2=5.329, P=0.021]. Statistical differences were found in Patrick's sign positive rate between the two groups [100%(24/24) vs 67.0%(75/112), χ2=10.61, P=0.001]. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the radiogr-aphic grading at the sacroiliac joint. More patients with positive ASO had grade Ⅲ damage at the sacroiliac joint compare to patients with negative ASO [68.2%(15/22) vs 28.4%(29/102), χ2=12.49, P<0.001]. The logarithmic of the ASO was slightly correlated with the radiographic grade of sacroiliac joint ( r=0.26, P=0.005). Conclusion:Patients with ERA are prone to be infected by GAS. It's probably related to HLA-B27 postivity for antigen presentation. Patients who were infected by GAS fre-quently have sacroiliac joint involvement, and tend to be more sever. This indicates that GAS may play an important role in the pathogenesis of sacroiliac joint destruction.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and follow-up of thrombosis of pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods:In this retrospective study, inpatients who were diagnosed in Beijing Children's Hospital with SLE complicated with arterial or venous thrombosis from January 2006 to December 2019 were collected, the clinical characteristics and outcomes were analyzed. Statistical product and Service solutions (SPSS) 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. T test or χ2 test (counting data) was used to compare the differences between groups, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the time of thrombus endpoint events in lupus children. Results:A total of 1 395 newly diagnosed SLE patients were admitted. Twenty-seven cases were diagnosed with thrombosis, accounting for 1.9% of all the lupus patients. The median course from diagnosis to thrombosis was 20 days (49 days before diagnosis to 1 year after dia-gnosis). Among the 27 patients, 22(81%) cases had renal involvement. The mean SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) score was (14±6) and (11±4) at the diagnosis of lupus and at onset of thrombosis, respectively ( t=2.547, P=0.017). 30% (8/27) of the patients had no apparent clinical manifestations of thrombosis. The patients received standard anticoagulant therapy after the diagnosis of thrombosis. During follow-up, 6 patients stopped taking medications due to the severity of the primary disease. Twenty-one patients were followed up regularly for 1-3 years. Thrombosis disappeared in 12 cases (44%), thrombolysis time ranged from 16 days to 1 year. Thrombosis were getting smaller in 9 cases (33%). And the disease was stable during follow up. Conclusion:Thrombosis is not rare in pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Some patients do not have apparent clinical manifestations related to thrombus. Pediatricians should be alert to patients with renal involvement need to be more vigilant for thrombosis. Early detection and active treatment are the keys to improve the prognosis of thrombosis in pediatric SLE patients.

OBJECTIVES: Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the female reproductive system worldwide. The recurrence rate for the treated cervical cancer patients is high, which seriously threatens women's lives and health. At present, the risk prediction study of cervical cancer has not been reported. Based on the influencing factors of cervical cancer recurrence, we aim to establish a risk prediction model of cervical cancer recurrence to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer recurrence. METHODS: A total of 4 358 cervical cancer patients admitted to the Hunan Cancer Hospital from January 1992 to December 2005 were selected as research subjects, and the recurrence of cervical cancer patients after treatment was followed up. Univariate analysis was used to analyze the possible influencing factors. Variables that were significant in univariate analysis or those that were not significant in univariate analysis but may be considered significant were included in multivariate Cox regression analysis to establish a cervical cancer recurrence risk prediction model. Line graphs was used to show the model and it was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that the recurrence rates of cervical cancer patients with different age, age of menarche, parity, miscarriage, clinical stage, and treatment method were significantly different (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that RR=-0.489×(age≥55 years old)+0.481×(age at menarche >15 years old)+0.459×(number of miscarriages≥3)+0.416×(clinical stage II)+0.613×(clinical stage III/IV)+0.366×(the treatment method was surgery + chemotherapy) + 0.015×(the treatment method was chemotherapy alone). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the Cox risk prediction model for cervical cancer recurrence constructed was 0.736 (95% CI 0.684 to 0.789), the best prediction threshold was 0.857, the sensitivity was 0.576, and the specificity was 0.810. The accuracy of the Cox risk model constructed by this model was good. From the clinical decision curve, the net benefit value was high and the validity was good. CONCLUSIONS Patient age, age at menarche, miscarriages, clinical stages, and treatment methods are independent factors affecting cervical cancer recurrence. The Cox proportional hazards prediction model for cervical cancer recurrence constructed in this study can be better used for predicting the risk of cervical cancer recurrence.
Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Prognosis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: To acknowledge the availability and rates of annual transition of outcomes during the progression and regression stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) and related diseases, by pooling global follow-up studies on the natural history of CRC. Methods: Till March, 2017, data was collected through systematic literature review over multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Chinese Biology Medicine (CBM) disc. Information regarding the characteristics, classification system of health states, related outcomes and incidence rates on CRC or high-risk adenoma for the surveillance cohorts of the studies, were extracted and summarized. Both Meta and sensitivity analyses were performed on those outcomes if they appeared in more than 3 studies, using the random effects model. Annual transition rate with 95%CI was used to estimate each of the outcomes, Quality of the studies was assessed, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: A total of 29 cohort studies were included, with the mean follow-up period as 5.7 years. All studies except one, focused on adenoma-carcinoma pathway and reported the outcome parameters of adenomas by different risk, and some reported the findings on different sizes (n=6) of adenomas. These cohorts were divided into three groups (normal status, with low-risk or high-risk adenoma) according to the status of baseline endoscopic pathologic findings. Their available outcome parameters, corresponding number of involved articles, aggregated sample size and pooled annual transition rates were presented. Six parameters were obtained in the normal cohorts, including those from normal to low-risk adenoma (16 articles, 58 235, 0.030: 0.024-0.037), to high-risk adenoma (17 articles, 62 089, 0.003: 0.002-0.004), to diminutive adenoma (<5 mm, 4 articles, 1 277, 0.021: 0.013-0.029), to small adenoma (6-9 mm, 4 articles, 1 277, 0.006: 0.001-0.010), to large adenoma (≥10 mm, 7 articles, 3 531, 0.002: 0.000-0.003) and to CRC (19 articles, 104 836, 0.000 3: 0.000 2-0.000 5). Three parameters were obtained in low-risk adenoma in cohorts with polypectomy findings, including recurrence (9 articles, 4 788, 0.109: 0.062-0.157) from low-risk adenoma after polypectomy to high-risk adenoma (10 articles, 5 736, 0.009: 0.004-0.013) and to CRC (12 articles, 11 347, 0.000 6: 0.000 4-0.000 8). Three parameters were obtained on high-risk adenoma from cohorts with polypectomy findings, including recurrence (12 articles, 7 030, 0.038: 0.028-0.048) from high-risk adenoma after polypectomy to low-risk adenoma (8 articles, 2 489, 0.133: 0.081-0.185) and CRC (14 articles, 14 899, 0.002: 0.001-0.003). Except for normal to low-risk adenomas, results from the sensitivity analysis for the other parameters showed stable. Of the included studies, two presented incidence rates of CRC in different clinical stages and the another two were focusing on the parameters related to serrated pathway. Conclusions Globally, follow-up studies reported data on natural history of colorectal cancer is of paucity. Compared to the "adenoma-carcinoma" pathway, transition parameters of the serrated lesion pathway are more limited. This Meta-analysis provided convincing evidence for optimizing the strategies regarding follow-up program on the disease, using the baseline endoscopic findings from global CRC Screening Program. These results also offered strong data-related support for Chinese population- specific interventional model on colorectal cancer.