The patient was a 73-year-old man. He had sustained a spinal cord injury in a work-related accident at 40 years of age and was living with lower body paralysis. He had defecation disorder due to poor intestinal peristalsis of the sigmoid colon. Colostomy was indicated because the defecation disorder had worsened to the extent that hospital management was required. We selected a laparoscopic approach for two reasons. First, at the time of the accident, he had undergone thoracotomy and laparotomy to treat diaphragm injury and we expected that adhesions would need to be removed in the abdominal cavity. Second, patients with spinal cord injury are prone to poor bowel peristalsis, and minimally invasive surgery should be used to prevent postoperative paralytic ileus. The operation was performed with three ports. Adhesions of the transverse colon, omentum, and abdominal wall were peeled off, the transverse colon was mobilized, and a transverse colostomy was created in the upper right abdomen. The postoperative course was favorable, and he resumed eating on postoperative day 2. Laparoscopic colostomy for patients with spinal cord injury and defecation disorder can be a safe and effective technique for improving quality of life.

Patient 1 was a 73-year-old woman with chief complaints of abdominal pain and prolapse of bowel through the anus. About 10 cm of the intestine had prolapsed through the anus, and a mass was observed at the invasive front. Computed tomography (CT) revealed the classic target sign of an intussusceptum inside an intussuscipiens, where the sigmoid colon had intussuscepted into the rectum. Patient 2 was a 92-year-old woman who presented with a chief complaint of melena. About 5 cm of the intestine had prolapsed through the anus, and a mass was observed at the invasive front. CT showed the classic target sign in the rectum. Based on physical examination and CT findings, both cases were diagnosed as intussusception caused by progression of colorectal cancer. Manipulative reduction was attempted before surgery, but neither intussusception could be reduced and thus Hartmann’s operation was performed for both patients. Patient 1 had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged on hospital day 36. Patient 2 developed prolonged paralytic ileus due to unsuccessful mobilization and was discharged on hospital day 80. Abdominoperineal resection is required for irreducible prolapse of intussusception through the anus due to colorectal cancer, and this invasive procedure can cause complications. Many patients with this condition are elderly adults with weak pelvic supporting tissue, and thus treatment suited to each individual patient must be selected.

Objective：This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical strength of immobilized osteopenia using a fixed limb rat model.Methods：Eight-week-old specific-pathogen-free male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, a control group (n＝32) and an immobilized group (n＝32). The hind limbs of the immobilized group were fixed using an orthopedic cast, and the fixation periods were set for 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Feeding and weight-bearing were permitted. After each fixation period, the length of the right femoral bone was measured, and three-point bending at the midshaft and uniaxial compression test at the distal metaphysis were performed with a universal material testing apparatus. The maximum force and breaking force in the bending test and ultimate load in the compression test were statistically analyzed.Results：The values of the maximum force and breaking force in the immobilized group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks (p＜0.05). The ultimate load of the distal metaphysis in the immobilized group decreased from 1 week after fixation, and the gap with the control group widened as the fixation period extended.Conclusion：The results of this study indicate that bone weakness caused by immobilized osteopenia arises after 1 week in the metaphysis and after 4 weeks in the midshaft.