Acute ischemia due to thromboembolism caused by occluded prosthetic graft after axillary-femoral artery bypass has been reported as axillofemoral bypass graft stump syndrome (AxSS). AxSS usually occurs in the upper extremities and it is rare that it occurs in the lower extremities. We encountered a rare case of a 76-year-old woman with acute right upper and lower extremities ischemia 4 years after right axillary-external iliac artery bypass grafting. The graft and the native arteries of the right upper and lower limbs were occluded. In addition, the right axillary artery and proximal anastomotic site were deformed. We diagnosed acute limb ischemia due to AxSS and immediately performed thrombectomy. Because we considered the thrombosis to originate from the axillary-iliac artery bypass graft, we disconnected the occluded graft from the native arteries. Six months after surgery, she was doing well without recurrence of thromboembolism. We report here the successful treatment of a case of AxSS that developed in both the upper and lower extremities.

The patient is a 71-year-old man. After receiving chemoradiotherapy (CRTx) for an unresectable esophageal cancer, he developed sudden hematemesis during a follow-up examination. Subsequent imaging via contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed leakage of the contrast medium from the descending aorta into the esophagus. Consequently, an aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) was diagnosed and an emergency thoracic endovascular aortic stent graft repair (TEVAR) was scheduled. However, during the preparation for surgery, the patient vomited a large amount of blood and went into cardiopulmonary arrest. Following the administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube (SB-tube) was inserted intranasally to control bleeding and TEVAR was performed to save his life. Although a gastrostomy was necessary after the surgery, the patient was transferred from the hospital on the 32nd day without any complications. Nonetheless, his general condition deteriorated as the cancer progressed and he died on the 103rd postoperative day. It is generally reported that the risk for esophageal perforation is 10-20% in CRTx for unresectable esophageal cancer. Although issues regarding the long-term prognosis of patients treated with TEVAR have been highlighted in recent years, there have also been reports of life-saving cases following its use; in this case, the patient was discharged home after SB-tube insertion and TEVAR with prompt treatment, resulting in his life being prolonged for an estimated 3 months.