The man aged 31, who had attempted suicide by taking poison of the herbicide PARAQUAT, died of its toxicity 12 hours later.In 3 hours of his hospitalization, the blood chemistry examination showed slight hepatic and renal failure and abnormality of electrolite in the serum.The examinations of E. C. G., X-ray, urine and stool could not be studied for shortness of his hospitalization.
At the time of post-mortem examination, for the chemical assay of PARAQUAT a piece of tissue was cut out from each organ, which were demonstrated in the liver, kidney, and contents of the stomach and intestine.At autopsy, the marked atrophy of the adrenal gland, congestion and edema of the lung, corrosive inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, and degeneration of the liver and kidney were recognized.Clear toxic findings were not evident on gross appearance.Microscopically, the zonal necrosis in the adrenal, toxic neuropathia, focal degeneration and cytolytic necrosis in the liver, kidney and gastrointestinal mucosa, heavy congestion and edema of the lung, and slight fatty degeneration of the liver were noted.
The pathohistological appearance of poisoning by herbicide was compared with that of insecticide on other reports.And in present report, it was discussed that the toxicity of PARAQUAT may exhibit the similar findings as that of other organic chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Objective: The comparative effect of telmisartan and valsartan upon insulin resistance and adipocytokines in nondiabetic patients with mild hypertension is unclear.
Methods: Fifty nondiabetic patients with untreated mild hypertension were randomly assigned to telmisartan (40 mg/day) and valsartan (80 mg/day) groups and were switched in a crossover manner at 3-month intervals. Serum leptin, adiponectin, hsCRP and the HOMA-R were measured before and at 3 months during each treatment period.
Results: The HOMA-R significantly improved over the 3 months in the high insulin resistance group (HOMA-R>/=2.5) during the telmisartan treatment period (p=0.042), but not during the valsartan period. Both telmisartan and valsartan significantly decreased serum leptin levels in each female group during each treatment period (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively), but not in the male groups. Serum adiponectin did not increase in either treatment group. Serum hsCRP levels also significantly decreased in the high hsCRP subjects (>/=0.1) of both treatment groups (p=0.044 and p=0.015, respectively).
Conclusions: Telmisartan significantly improved insulin resistance, possibly through the effect on PPAR-gamma, while both telmisartan and valsartan significantly decreased serum leptin levels in female groups and hsCRP in both genders, suggesting no significantly different effects on adipocytokines by either drug in nondiabetic patients with mild hypertension.

Gait analysis was conducted on 7 healthy pregnant women (pregnant group) and 6 non-pregnant women (pseudo-pregnant group) using a 3-D motion analysis system (VICON 460) and two forceplates (Kistlar 9286A). The data was collected at 8-9 months of gestation (pregnant condition) and 4-8 months postpartum (non-pregnant condition) in the pregnant group. In the pseudo-pregnant group, the participants walked with a 5kg-load on their belly (pregnant condition) and without any load (non-pregnant condition). Comparisons using two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures were conducted. Interaction of group × condition was not observed in the measured gait parameters except the angle of the maximum hip adduction. Main effect in the condition and the group was found in some parameters. In the pregnant condition, gait velocity was slower (pregnant group 68.7±8.6 m/min pseudo-pregnant group 63.8±4.8 m/min) than in the non-pregnant condition (pregnant group 75.5±3.2 m/min pseudo-pregnant group 69.8±8.7 m/min). The second vertical peak ground reaction force was smaller in the pregnant condition (pregnant group 105.4±4.8 % pseudo-pregnant group 108.4±6.3 % of body-weight) than in the non-pregnant condition (pregnant group 114.3±7.4 % pseudo-pregnant group 113.5±4.2 % of body-weight). These results demonstrated that pregnant condition changed kinetic and kinematic characteristics of the gait.

Circadian rhythms have been shown to regulate several physiological functions including body temperature, sleep/wake cycle, physical activity, and cognition. These functions are controlled by circadian clock genes, and the circadian clock system in the body is classified into two clocks which are the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks in peripheral tissues such as the liver and skeletal muscle. Therefore, many researchers are conducting basic and applied research on the relationship between circadian rhythm in peripheral tissues and physiological functions including sports performance and effects of acute exercise and exercise training. On the other hand, it has been shown that abnormal circadian rhythms and disturbance of circadian rhythms can lead to the development of several diseases such as diabetes, cancer, sarcopenia, depression, and dementia. Thus, it is also important to regulate individual circadian rhythm by considering for timing of exercise and daily physical activity. Exercise and physical activity are found to have an influence on circadian rhythms regulation (Chrono-exercise) and accumulate evidences between timing of exercise and health outcomes. This review aims to introduce evidence for chrono-exercise and suggests the importance for considering the timing of exercise and physical activity.

Exposure of humans to unusual spaces is effective to observe the adaptive strategy for an environment. Though adaptation to such spaces has been typically tested with vision, little has been examined about adaptation to left–right reversed audition, partially due to the apparatus for adaptation. Thus, it is unclear if the adaptive effects reach early auditory processing. Here, we constructed a left–right reversed stereophonic system using only wearable devices and asked two participants to wear it for 4 weeks. Every week, the magnetoencephalographic responses were measured under the selective reaction time task, where they immediately distinguished between sounds delivered to either the left or the right ear with the index finger on the compatible or incompatible side. The constructed system showed high performance in sound localization and achieved gradual reduction of a feeling of strangeness. The N1m intensities for the response-compatible sounds tended to be larger than those for the response-incompatible sounds until the third week but decreased on the fourth week, which correlated with the initially shorter and longer reaction times for the compatible and incompatible conditions, respectively. In the second week, disruption of the auditory-motor connectivity was observed with the largest N1m intensities and the longest reaction times, irrespective of compatibility. In conclusion, we successfully produced a high-quality space of left–right reversed audition using our system. The results suggest that a 4-week exposure to the reversed audition causes optimization of the auditory-motor coordination according to the new rule, which eventually results in the modulation of early auditory processing.
Ear ; Fingers ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Magnetoencephalography* ; Reaction Time ; Sound Localization