PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to find correlation between the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (ECFR) and MR findings in the brain glioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR features including edema, margin, necrosis, heterogeneity, hemorrhage and contrast enhancement were retrospectively analyzed with preoperative MR images in 41 patients with proven brain gliomas (8 low grade astrocytomas, 12 anaplastic astrocytomas, 21 glioblastoma multiformes). Immunohistochemical study of EGFR was done and their expressions were graded by both stained distribution and intensity. Correlation analysis between the MR features and EGFR expressions was done. RESULTS: Peritumoral edema was correlated with both distribution (r=0.71, p=0.00) and stain intensity (r=0.69, p=0.00) of EGFR expression. Other MR features showed no statistical correlation with EGFR expression. CONCLUSION: MRI is useful in evaluation of brain glioma, and peritumoral edema is useful findings that suggests EGFR expression as well as malignant histopathologic grade of the tumor.
Astrocytoma ; Brain ; Edema ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Glioblastoma ; Glioma* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Necrosis ; Population Characteristics ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Choledochal cyst is a rare malformation of the pancreatobiliary ductal system, manifested by dilatation of biliary tree with or without anomalous insertion of the common bile duct into pancreatic duct. The purpose of this study is to review the incidence of anomalous pancreatobiliary union(PBU) and the shape of common bile duct based on the angle of pancreatic duct and common bile duct union. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed cholangiopancreatographic findings of 21 patients with choledochal cyst, emphasizing PBU. The PBU was classified into acute-angled PBU, right-angled PBU, normal PBU, and unknown PBU on the basis of common bile duct insertion to pancreatic duct. The shape of common bile duct dilatation was evaluated with regard to angle of PBU. RESULTS: Fourteen of 21 patients had anomalous PBU with slender or ectatic form of common channels. Three patients had normal opening of common bile duct and pancreatic duct, and in remaining 4 patients the PBU was not visualized. Among 14 patients with PBU, 5 patients had right-angled PBU and 9 patients had acute-angled PBU. Cystic form of common bile duct dilatation was seen in 13 patients and cylindrical form was in 8 patients. Cystic dilatation of common bile duct was seen in 4 patients out of 5 right-angled PBU. CONCLUSION: Patients with choledochal cyst had high incidence of anomalous PBU with common channel (67%). The shape of common bile duct dilatation was cystic in 62% of patients, and the right-angled PBU was prone to be cystic dilatation (80%).
Biliary Tract ; Choledochal Cyst* ; Common Bile Duct ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pancreatic Ducts

PURPOSE: Congenital limb anomalies are manifested in various degree of severity and complexity bearing confusion for description and nomenclature of each anomaly. We retrospectively analyzed the roentgenograms of congenital limb anomalies for the purpose of further understanding of radiologic manifestations based on the embryonal defect and also to find the incidence of each anomaly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total number of the patients was 89 with 137 anomalies. Recently the uniform system of classification for congenital anomalies of the upper limb was adopted by International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), which were categorized as 7 classifications. We used the IFSSH classification with some modification as 5 classifications;failure of formation of parts, failure of differentiation of parts, duplications, overgrowth, and undergrowth. RESULTS: The patients with upper limb anomalies were 65 out of 89(73%), lower limb were 21(24%), and both upper and lower limb anomalies were 3(4%). Failure of formation was seen in 18%, failure of differentiation 39%, duplications 39%, overgrowth 8%, and undergrowth in 12%. Thirty-five patients had more than one anomaly, and 14 patients had intergroup anomalies. CONCLUSION: The upper limb anomalies were more common than lower limb. Among the anomalies, failure of differentiation and duplications were the most common types of congenital limb anomalies. Patients with failure of formation, failure of differentiation, and undergrowth had intergroup association of anomalies, but duplication and overgrowth tended to be isolated anomalies.
Classification ; Extremities* ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Retrospective Studies ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: To assess the value of MR imaging compared to CT for the staging of gastric carcinoma when body-wrap-around surface coil, intravenous glucagon, motion suppression technique and effervescent granules are used. MATERIAL AND METHOD: CT and MRI were performed for thirty-five patients with gastric carcinoma. Postcontrast CT scan was performed immediately after oral effervescent granules and Buscopan were given. Before MR imaging, BWA surface coil was wrapped around the upper abdomen. T1 coronal, sagittal and axial SE images (TRITE=400/15 msec) were obtained immediately after oral effervescent granules and glucagon were given. Respiratory compensation and presaturation techniques were used for each imaging. Three radiologists evaluated independently for randomly mixed 70 sets of CT and MR images. The signal intensity of gastric mass and enlarged lymph nodes were compared to the signal intensity of the adjacent pancreas, liver and spleen to evaluate any discriminating features between them. RESULTS: The accuracy in the diagnosis of pancreatic invasion was 83.8% on MRI and 74.3% on CT (p < 0.05). The accuracy of MRI and CT was 77.1% and 72.4% in detecting of gastric tumor respectively (p > 0.05), 73.3% and 68.6% in gastric serosal invasion (p> 0.05), 50.5% and 42.9% in lymph node metastasis (p > 0.05). The gastric mass and enlarged lymph nodes were hypointense to the intensity of pancreas and liver in more than 78% of cases. CONCLUSION: MRI was comparable to CT scan for the staging of gastric carcinoma. Therefore, MRI could be used as an alternative or adjunctive diagnostic modality in the staging of gastric carcinoma.
Abdomen ; Butylscopolammonium Bromide ; Compensation and Redress ; Diagnosis ; Glucagon ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Spleen ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A 7-year-old boy presented with productive cough and mild dyspnea. He had a history of intlermittant attacksof broanchopneumonia, but otherwise he was healthy. He had a small right lung on chest roentgenogram. Thediagnosis of developmental hypoplasia of the right lung due to congenital absence of the right pulmonary arterywas made by radionuclide angiocardiography and subsequently confirmed by cardiac catheterization and angiography.
Angiocardiography ; Angiography ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Child ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Thorax

PURPOSE: We evaluated the frequency of detection of small hepatic cystic lesion(SHC) on abdominal CT films and its significance in patients with extrahepatic malignancies. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively reviewed the abdominal CT films of a total 1112 patients to determine the frequency of detection of SHC, and 62 patients who had both extrahepatic malignancies and SHC were selected. A total 106 SHC determined as benign or malignant in 40 patients was analyzed according to the size(< 1 cm, 1 2cm), the number(1, 2 4, >4), the margin(well-defined, iil-defined),and the location(central, peripheral) of individual cystic lesions. The findings of follow-up CT and ultrasonography and the results of biopsy were also reviewed. The frequency of combined renal cyst was also considered. RESULT: SHC of those 62 patients were classified as benign(27 patients, 43.6%), malignant(13 patients, 20. 9%), or undetermined(22 patients, 35.5%) by the follow-up CT, ultrasonography, and biopsy. Most benign SHC (74.4%) measured under 1 cm, but 75% of the malignant SHC were in 1 -2cm in size. The percentage of the malignancy in one and two to four SHC was 37.5% and 40%, respectively. The margin of SHC was ill-defined in 67.9% of the benign and 64.3% of the malignant lesions. SHCs were mainly located at the periphery of the liver(benign :62.7%, malignant: 64.3%). Coexisting renal cyst was rare. CONCLUSION: SHC is not uncommon finding(13.2%) in patients with extrahepatic malignancy and has a high probablity of metastasis when it is larger than 1 cm, which should be closely followed and intensively studied further.
Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, life threatening infection of kidney and the pennephric space, characterized by the production of gas within the renal parenchyma. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical and radiologic characteristics of emphysematous pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 7 cases of the emphysematous pyelonephritis. Six patients had plain abdominal radiographs, ultrasonograms and abdominal CT scans. Only one patient had plain radiograph and ultrasonogram. In 5 operated cases, CT findings were compared with surgical records. RESULTS: Plain radiographs showed characteristic diffuse mottling of gas in renal fossa. On sonogram, intrarenal gas was identified as echogenic loci with dirty shadows. CT scan showed inflammatory mass with gas and fluid levels in adjacent to the kidney. CT findings corresponded relatively wall with the surgical findings in regard to disease extent. CONCLUSION: lntrarenal gas in appropriate clinical setting is highly specific for emphysematous pyelonephritis. CT is the most sensitive method for demonstrating the disease extent as well as specific diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pyelonephritis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, life threatening infection of kidney and the pennephric space, characterized by the production of gas within the renal parenchyma. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical and radiologic characteristics of emphysematous pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 7 cases of the emphysematous pyelonephritis. Six patients had plain abdominal radiographs, ultrasonograms and abdominal CT scans. Only one patient had plain radiograph and ultrasonogram. In 5 operated cases, CT findings were compared with surgical records. RESULTS: Plain radiographs showed characteristic diffuse mottling of gas in renal fossa. On sonogram, intrarenal gas was identified as echogenic loci with dirty shadows. CT scan showed inflammatory mass with gas and fluid levels in adjacent to the kidney. CT findings corresponded relatively wall with the surgical findings in regard to disease extent. CONCLUSION: lntrarenal gas in appropriate clinical setting is highly specific for emphysematous pyelonephritis. CT is the most sensitive method for demonstrating the disease extent as well as specific diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pyelonephritis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Although many useful articles appear in the journals published in Korea, they are not always cited by researchers mainly due to absence of efficient searching system. The authors made a program with 6 predefined filtering forms to detect published articles rapidly and accurately. MATERIALS: The program was coded using database management system CA-Clipper Version 5.2 (Computer Associates International, Inc.) through preliminary work for 1 year. We used 486 DX II (8 Mbyte RAM, VGA, 200 MByte Hard Disk), Ink-jet Printer (Hewlett Packard Company), and MS-DOS Version 5.0 (Microsoft Co.). We inputed total of 1986 articles published in the Journal of the Korean Radiological Society from 1981 to 1993. METHODS AND RESULTS: The searching time was 10 to 15 seconds for each use. We had very flexible user interfaces and simplified searching methods, but more complicated filterings could also be performed. CONCLUSION: Although the previous version have had some bugs, this upgrade version resolved the problems and fitted in searching articles. The program would be valuable for radiologist in searching articles published not only in the Journal of the Korean Radiological Society, but also in the Journal of the Korean Society of Medical Ultrasound and the Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine.
Database Management Systems ; Humans ; Korea ; Microcomputers* ; Nuclear Medicine ; Ultrasonography

From March 1987 to July 1989, six patients (five dadults and one child) with lung abscess (size, 5-13cm in diameter) were treated with percutaneous aspiration and drainage. In each case, the puncture was made where the wall of the abscess was in contact with the pleural surface. An 8 to 10 Fr catheter was inserted for drainage. Five of 6 had a dramatic clinical response within 24 hours of the drainage. Percutaneous drainage was successful with complete abscess resolution in four and partial resolution in one patient. No response was seen in the rest one. The duration of drainage ranged from 7 to 18 days (average, 15.5days) in successful cases. One case of the failure in drainage was due to persistent aspiration of the neurologically impaired patient. In one patient, the abscess resolved after drainage but recurred after inadvertent removal of the catheter 7 days after insertion. In two patients, concurrent pleural empyema was resolved completely by the drainage. Computed tomography provided anatomic details necessary for choosing the puncture site and avoiding a puncture of the lung parenchyma. Percutaneous catheter drainage is a safe and effective method for treating patients with lung abscess.
Abscess ; Catheters* ; Drainage* ; Empyema, Pleural ; Humans ; Lung Abscess* ; Lung* ; Methods ; Punctures