Background: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard for diagnosing sarcopenia. However, comparative studies using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) would be required in the Korean population. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between total-body bone density measuring devices (Hologic and GE Lunar) and a bioelectrical impedance measurement device (InBody 970) as well as the correlation between upper body muscle mass. Methods: A total of 119 participants were involved in this study, aged 20 to 70 years, with specific body mass index ranges and no severe health conditions used both DXA (or DEXA) and BIA technologies to assess body composition. The participants were scanned using a Hologic QDR-4500W DXA scanner and GE-Lunar Prodigy DXA systems, and the InBody 970 type of multi-frequency BIA machine. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between the devices, with a coefficient of at least 0.8. Results: The muscle mass measurement comparisons between the InBody 970 and Hologic devices demonstrated remarkably high correlation coefficients (exceeding 0.9) across all limbs. Similarly, the muscle mass comparison between the Inbody 970 and GE Lunar devices also revealed substantial correlation coefficients, ranging from 0.83 upwards, across all limbs. Conclusions Limb muscle mass measurements using Hologic and GE Lunar whole-body DXA and Inbody 970 BIA demonstrated particularly high levels of concordance. In addition, a conversion formula that bridges limb muscle mass measurements from two widely used whole-body DXA machines and a BIA machine will facilitate sarcopenia research and patient management.

Background: Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is essential for assessing osteoporosis and monitoring spinal deformities. “Clari-QCT,” a software that uses artificial intelligence to analyze conventional computed tomography (CT) scans and produce QCTequivalent reports. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Clari-QCT by comparing its results with traditional QCT, with the goal of validating new diagnostic tools for spinal deformities. Methods: The study analyzed dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, CT, and QCT data from 18 patients at Inha University Hospital. Clari-QCT software was evaluated for its ability to generate QCT-equivalent reports from CT images. The software processes abdomen CT images, calculates bone density in designated slices, and provides bone mineral density (BMD), T-score, and Z-score values. Patients were classified into normal, mild, and severe spinal deformity groups. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis was used to measure the agreement between actual and predicted BMD values. Results: The study included participants with an average age of 64 and a mean body mass index of 24.88. The average BMD was 94.7 g/cm³ by QCT and 122.5 g/cm³ by Clari- QCT, with individual differences ranging from 4.9 to 61.8. T-score discrepancies ranged from 0.16 to 6.86. ICC analysis showed moderate to high agreement between methods, with ICC1 values of 0.597, ICC2 of 0.64, ICC3 of 0.81, and ICC1k, ICC2k, ICC3k values ranging from 0.748 to 0.895. Conclusions Clari-QCT demonstrates good agreement with actual QCT measurements in normal and severe spinal deformity groups but shows reduced accuracy in patients with mild deformities. If the limitations are addressed, it could become a useful tool for monitoring bone health in patients with spinal deformities.

Background: Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is essential for assessing osteoporosis and monitoring spinal deformities. “Clari-QCT,” a software that uses artificial intelligence to analyze conventional computed tomography (CT) scans and produce QCTequivalent reports. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Clari-QCT by comparing its results with traditional QCT, with the goal of validating new diagnostic tools for spinal deformities. Methods: The study analyzed dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, CT, and QCT data from 18 patients at Inha University Hospital. Clari-QCT software was evaluated for its ability to generate QCT-equivalent reports from CT images. The software processes abdomen CT images, calculates bone density in designated slices, and provides bone mineral density (BMD), T-score, and Z-score values. Patients were classified into normal, mild, and severe spinal deformity groups. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis was used to measure the agreement between actual and predicted BMD values. Results: The study included participants with an average age of 64 and a mean body mass index of 24.88. The average BMD was 94.7 g/cm³ by QCT and 122.5 g/cm³ by Clari- QCT, with individual differences ranging from 4.9 to 61.8. T-score discrepancies ranged from 0.16 to 6.86. ICC analysis showed moderate to high agreement between methods, with ICC1 values of 0.597, ICC2 of 0.64, ICC3 of 0.81, and ICC1k, ICC2k, ICC3k values ranging from 0.748 to 0.895. Conclusions Clari-QCT demonstrates good agreement with actual QCT measurements in normal and severe spinal deformity groups but shows reduced accuracy in patients with mild deformities. If the limitations are addressed, it could become a useful tool for monitoring bone health in patients with spinal deformities.

Background: Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is essential for assessing osteoporosis and monitoring spinal deformities. “Clari-QCT,” a software that uses artificial intelligence to analyze conventional computed tomography (CT) scans and produce QCTequivalent reports. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Clari-QCT by comparing its results with traditional QCT, with the goal of validating new diagnostic tools for spinal deformities. Methods: The study analyzed dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, CT, and QCT data from 18 patients at Inha University Hospital. Clari-QCT software was evaluated for its ability to generate QCT-equivalent reports from CT images. The software processes abdomen CT images, calculates bone density in designated slices, and provides bone mineral density (BMD), T-score, and Z-score values. Patients were classified into normal, mild, and severe spinal deformity groups. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis was used to measure the agreement between actual and predicted BMD values. Results: The study included participants with an average age of 64 and a mean body mass index of 24.88. The average BMD was 94.7 g/cm³ by QCT and 122.5 g/cm³ by Clari- QCT, with individual differences ranging from 4.9 to 61.8. T-score discrepancies ranged from 0.16 to 6.86. ICC analysis showed moderate to high agreement between methods, with ICC1 values of 0.597, ICC2 of 0.64, ICC3 of 0.81, and ICC1k, ICC2k, ICC3k values ranging from 0.748 to 0.895. Conclusions Clari-QCT demonstrates good agreement with actual QCT measurements in normal and severe spinal deformity groups but shows reduced accuracy in patients with mild deformities. If the limitations are addressed, it could become a useful tool for monitoring bone health in patients with spinal deformities.

Background: As recognized by the World Health Organization in 2016 with its inclusion in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision as M62.84, and by South Korea in 2021 as M62.5, the diagnostic guidelines for sarcopenia vary globally. Despite its prevalence in older populations, data on sarcopenia in Koreans aged 60 and above is scarce, highlighting the need for research on its prevalence in this demographic. Methods: Utilizing the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset, sarcopenia was assessed among 1,946 individuals aged 60 or older according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria, incorporating grip strength and bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements. Statistical analyses were performed to differentiate categorical and continuous variables using logistic regression and Student’s t-tests, respectively. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was found to increase with age, with the highest prevalence observed in the oldest age group (80 years and older). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia in our study population was 6.8%. Among men, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 5.5% in the 60 or older age group, 9.6% in the 70 or older age group, and 21.5% in the 80 or older age group. Among women, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 7.9%, 10.5%, and 25.9%, respectively. Conclusions This study highlights the significant burden of sarcopenia in elderly Koreans, particularly among the oldest individuals. These findings call for targeted interventions to manage and prevent sarcopenia, along with further research on its risk factors, consequences, and effective mitigation strategies.

Background: This study aimed to compare the intraoperative stability and early clinical outcomes of 40-mm diameter dual mobility (DM)-total hip arthroplasty (THA) with 36-mm ceramic head (large head) THA in active elderly patients with hip fractures. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted from May 2022 to December 2022. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age ≥ 60 years, displaced femoral neck fracture, Koval grade 1 or 2, planned 54-mm acetabular component, and over 1-year follow-up. Intraoperative stability tests were performed on all patients (internal rotation at 45°, 60°, and 90° of hip fracture). Functional outcomes (Harris Hip Score and University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] Score) were evaluated at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Gait analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques was conducted at 3 months postoperatively. Results: The study included 36 DM-THA patients (mean age, 69.6 ± 2.2 years; 44% women) and 37 large head THA patients (mean age, 69.6 ± 1.2 years; 64% women). No statistically significant differences were observed in functional outcomes and hip range of motion between the 2 groups. However, there was a significant difference in the gait speed and stance-swing phase of the large head THA group and the DM-THA group: the DM-THA group demonstrated superior gait speed (2.85 ± 0.83 kph vs. 2.04 ± 1.04 kph, p = 0.003) and higher stance phase ratios (operated side: 63.57% ± 3.82% vs. 48.19% ± 5.50%, p < 0.001; opposite side: 62.77% ± 2.27% vs. 49.93% ± 6.94%, p < 0.001). In the stability test at 90° of hip flexion, the DM-THA group had a measurement of 48.40° ± 5.17°, while the large head THA group had a measurement of 30.94° ± 2.98° (p = 0.012). Despite the lack of statistical significance, the intraoperative stability test showed the dislocation angle was notably different between the groups in the hip flexion position of 60° (51.60° ± 6.09° in the DM-THA group and 40.00° ± 2.80° in the large head THA group, p = 0.072). Conclusions Superior results were observed in the intraoperative stability test and early recovery of gait after DM-THA compared to large head THA. We believe that DM-THA can be a useful surgical option for THA in elderly patients with hip fractures.

Background: This study aimed to compare the intraoperative stability and early clinical outcomes of 40-mm diameter dual mobility (DM)-total hip arthroplasty (THA) with 36-mm ceramic head (large head) THA in active elderly patients with hip fractures. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted from May 2022 to December 2022. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age ≥ 60 years, displaced femoral neck fracture, Koval grade 1 or 2, planned 54-mm acetabular component, and over 1-year follow-up. Intraoperative stability tests were performed on all patients (internal rotation at 45°, 60°, and 90° of hip fracture). Functional outcomes (Harris Hip Score and University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] Score) were evaluated at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Gait analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques was conducted at 3 months postoperatively. Results: The study included 36 DM-THA patients (mean age, 69.6 ± 2.2 years; 44% women) and 37 large head THA patients (mean age, 69.6 ± 1.2 years; 64% women). No statistically significant differences were observed in functional outcomes and hip range of motion between the 2 groups. However, there was a significant difference in the gait speed and stance-swing phase of the large head THA group and the DM-THA group: the DM-THA group demonstrated superior gait speed (2.85 ± 0.83 kph vs. 2.04 ± 1.04 kph, p = 0.003) and higher stance phase ratios (operated side: 63.57% ± 3.82% vs. 48.19% ± 5.50%, p < 0.001; opposite side: 62.77% ± 2.27% vs. 49.93% ± 6.94%, p < 0.001). In the stability test at 90° of hip flexion, the DM-THA group had a measurement of 48.40° ± 5.17°, while the large head THA group had a measurement of 30.94° ± 2.98° (p = 0.012). Despite the lack of statistical significance, the intraoperative stability test showed the dislocation angle was notably different between the groups in the hip flexion position of 60° (51.60° ± 6.09° in the DM-THA group and 40.00° ± 2.80° in the large head THA group, p = 0.072). Conclusions Superior results were observed in the intraoperative stability test and early recovery of gait after DM-THA compared to large head THA. We believe that DM-THA can be a useful surgical option for THA in elderly patients with hip fractures.

Background: This study aimed to compare the intraoperative stability and early clinical outcomes of 40-mm diameter dual mobility (DM)-total hip arthroplasty (THA) with 36-mm ceramic head (large head) THA in active elderly patients with hip fractures. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted from May 2022 to December 2022. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age ≥ 60 years, displaced femoral neck fracture, Koval grade 1 or 2, planned 54-mm acetabular component, and over 1-year follow-up. Intraoperative stability tests were performed on all patients (internal rotation at 45°, 60°, and 90° of hip fracture). Functional outcomes (Harris Hip Score and University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] Score) were evaluated at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Gait analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques was conducted at 3 months postoperatively. Results: The study included 36 DM-THA patients (mean age, 69.6 ± 2.2 years; 44% women) and 37 large head THA patients (mean age, 69.6 ± 1.2 years; 64% women). No statistically significant differences were observed in functional outcomes and hip range of motion between the 2 groups. However, there was a significant difference in the gait speed and stance-swing phase of the large head THA group and the DM-THA group: the DM-THA group demonstrated superior gait speed (2.85 ± 0.83 kph vs. 2.04 ± 1.04 kph, p = 0.003) and higher stance phase ratios (operated side: 63.57% ± 3.82% vs. 48.19% ± 5.50%, p < 0.001; opposite side: 62.77% ± 2.27% vs. 49.93% ± 6.94%, p < 0.001). In the stability test at 90° of hip flexion, the DM-THA group had a measurement of 48.40° ± 5.17°, while the large head THA group had a measurement of 30.94° ± 2.98° (p = 0.012). Despite the lack of statistical significance, the intraoperative stability test showed the dislocation angle was notably different between the groups in the hip flexion position of 60° (51.60° ± 6.09° in the DM-THA group and 40.00° ± 2.80° in the large head THA group, p = 0.072). Conclusions Superior results were observed in the intraoperative stability test and early recovery of gait after DM-THA compared to large head THA. We believe that DM-THA can be a useful surgical option for THA in elderly patients with hip fractures.

Background: This study aimed to compare the intraoperative stability and early clinical outcomes of 40-mm diameter dual mobility (DM)-total hip arthroplasty (THA) with 36-mm ceramic head (large head) THA in active elderly patients with hip fractures. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted from May 2022 to December 2022. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age ≥ 60 years, displaced femoral neck fracture, Koval grade 1 or 2, planned 54-mm acetabular component, and over 1-year follow-up. Intraoperative stability tests were performed on all patients (internal rotation at 45°, 60°, and 90° of hip fracture). Functional outcomes (Harris Hip Score and University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] Score) were evaluated at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Gait analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques was conducted at 3 months postoperatively. Results: The study included 36 DM-THA patients (mean age, 69.6 ± 2.2 years; 44% women) and 37 large head THA patients (mean age, 69.6 ± 1.2 years; 64% women). No statistically significant differences were observed in functional outcomes and hip range of motion between the 2 groups. However, there was a significant difference in the gait speed and stance-swing phase of the large head THA group and the DM-THA group: the DM-THA group demonstrated superior gait speed (2.85 ± 0.83 kph vs. 2.04 ± 1.04 kph, p = 0.003) and higher stance phase ratios (operated side: 63.57% ± 3.82% vs. 48.19% ± 5.50%, p < 0.001; opposite side: 62.77% ± 2.27% vs. 49.93% ± 6.94%, p < 0.001). In the stability test at 90° of hip flexion, the DM-THA group had a measurement of 48.40° ± 5.17°, while the large head THA group had a measurement of 30.94° ± 2.98° (p = 0.012). Despite the lack of statistical significance, the intraoperative stability test showed the dislocation angle was notably different between the groups in the hip flexion position of 60° (51.60° ± 6.09° in the DM-THA group and 40.00° ± 2.80° in the large head THA group, p = 0.072). Conclusions Superior results were observed in the intraoperative stability test and early recovery of gait after DM-THA compared to large head THA. We believe that DM-THA can be a useful surgical option for THA in elderly patients with hip fractures.