No abstract available.
Rupture ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Comparative trials were undertaken using 16 types of guide-tubes of different caliber and external diamter: small caliber (1.35mm) and large cliber (1.80mm) tubes of eight types of external diameter (i. e, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0mm). 540 tappings was performed with a hard needle (length: 58.0mm, diameter: 0.16mm, head diameter: 1.25mm).
The result can be summarized as follows:
1. Among the six small guide-tubes with 2.5-5.0mm external diameter, the larger external diameter was, the less sticking pain was experienced.
2. The four small caliber guide-tubes with 4.5-6.0mm external diameter caused significantly less sticking pain compared with the four small caliber guide-tubes of 2.5-4.0mm and the four large guide-tubes of 4.5-6.0mm.

Side to side difference in tennis players' mid-radius and cross-sectional study on mid-tibia of jumpers and sedentary controls suggest that the improvement of mechanical properties of cortical bone in response to long-term exercise is related to geometric adaptation and not to volumetric bone mineral density. In the present study, geometric and mechanical properties of right tibia were estimated along 64 directions centering center of gravity of the bone on cross-sectional peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) images. The tibias of 17 jumpers (7 females, 10 males) and 15 controls (8 females, 7males), aged 18-23, were scanned at mid site using pQCT. Periosteal and endocortical radius were larger, cortical thickness was thicker, and mechanical properties (moment of inertia of area and strength strain index) were greater in jumpers compared to those of controls. The differences in cortical thickness between the two groups were dependent on direction of measurement. Defined a direction from tibia's center of gravity to fibula's as 0°, difference in the cortical thickness between jumpers and controls was the greatest at around 240°. Along this direction, differences in mechanical properties were also the most significant, suggesting that the site-specific adaptation of bone to long-term exercise is due to geographical relation of bone to muscle.

Using immunohistochemical staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100 protein (S100), p63, cytokeratin 14 (CK14), and cytokeratin 19 (CK19), we studied acinar and myoepithelial cells of major and minor salivary glands obtained from 14 donated cadavers (78-92 years old) and 5 donated fetuses (aborted at 15-16 weeks of gestation). CK and p63 expression was investigated only in the adult specimens. SMA was detected in all adult glands as well as in fetal sublingual and pharyngeal glands. GFAP expression was seen in a limited number of cells in adult glands, but was highly expressed in fetal pharyngeal glands. S100-positive myoepithelial-like cells were present in adult minor glands as well as in fetal sublingual and pharyngeal glands. Expression of p63 was evident in the ducts of adult glands. CK14 immunoreactivity was observed in a limited number of glandular cells in adults, in contrast to consistent expression of CK19. In both adults and fetuses, a mosaic expression pattern was usually evident for each of the examined proteins. A difference in immunoreactivity for the nerve markers GFAP and S100 was observed between the major and minor glands. Thus, in the present histologic study, we distinguished between the specific gland types on the basis of their immunohistochemical staining. A mosaic expression pattern suggested that the immunoreactivity against nerve protein markers in myoepithelial cells could not be due to the persistence of neural crest remnants or the physiological status of the gland, such as age-related degeneration.
Actins ; Adult ; Aged ; Cadaver ; Fetus ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-14 ; Keratin-19 ; Muscles ; Neural Crest ; Population Characteristics ; Proteins ; Salivary Glands ; Salivary Glands, Minor

No abstract available.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Carotidynia is characterised by inflammation limited to the common carotid artery, which has been recognised as a distinct disease entity by advanced vascular imaging. Although most cases of carotidynia are idiopathic, we herein present a case of carotidynia after anticancer chemotherapy. A 64-year-old male patient received docetaxel followed by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for the treatment of lung squamous carcinoma. After the treatment, bilateral cervical pain developed. Vascular imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and ultrasonography, showed characteristics specific for carotidynia. Although there was no strong confirmation using tests such as a challenge test, our observations suggest that docetaxel or G-CSF could be a causative drug triggering carotidynia.
Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Carotid Artery, Common ; drug effects ; pathology ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Inflammation ; chemically induced ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Taxoids ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography

It is unclear whether forearm and crural muscle fibers extend distally across the wrist and ankle joints, respectively.We hypothesized, in late-term fetuses, an over-production of muscle bellies extending over the joint. Muscle fibers in histological sections from unilateral wrists and ankles of 16 late-term fetuses (30–40 weeks) were examined and compared with 15 adult cadavers. Muscle fibers of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) in fetuses, especially muscle bellies to the third and fourth fingers, were found to extend far distally beyond the radiocarpal joint.The extensor digitorum and extensor pollicis longus on the extensor side of the wrist were found to carry distally-extending muscle fibers, but these fibers did not extend beyond the distal end of the radius. In the ankle, most muscle bundles in the flexor hallucis longus (FHL), fibularis brevis (FB) and extensor digitorum longus extended distally beyond the talocrural joint, with most FB muscle fibers reaching the level of the talocalcaneal joint. In adult cadavers, muscle fibers of the FDP and FHL did not reach the levels of the radiocarpal and talocrural joints, respectively, whereas the FB muscle belly always reached the talocalcaneal joint. Similarly, some of the FDS reached the level of the radiocarpal joint. Generally, infants’ movements at the wrist and ankle could result in friction injury to over-extended muscle. However, the calcaneal and FDP tendons might protect the FB and FDS tendons, respectively, from friction stress.

Background/Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was recently proposed as an alternative disease concept to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the prognosis of patients with biopsy-confirmed MASLD using data from a multicenter study. Methods: This was a sub-analysis of the Clinical Outcome Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (CLIONE) study that included 1,398 patients with NAFLD. Liver biopsy specimens were pathologically diagnosed and histologically scored using the NASH Clinical Research Network system, the FLIP algorithm, and the SAF score. Patients who met at least one cardiometabolic criterion were diagnosed with MASLD. Results: Approximately 99% of cases (n=1,381) were classified as MASLD. Patients with no cardiometabolic risk (n=17) had a significantly lower BMI than patients with MASLD (20.9 kg/m2 vs. 28.0 kg/m2, P<0.001), in addition to significantly lower levels of inflammation, ballooning, NAFLD activity score, and fibrosis stage based on liver histology. These 17 patients had a median follow-up of 5.9 years, equivalent to 115 person-years, with no deaths, liver-related events, cardiovascular events, or extrahepatic cancers. The results showed that the prognosis for pure MASLD was similar to that for the original CLIONE cohort, with 47 deaths and one patient who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. The leading cause of death was extrahepatic cancer (n=10), while the leading causes of liver-related death were liver failure (n=9), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=8), and cholangiocarcinoma (n=4). Conclusions Approximately 99% of NAFLD cases were considered MASLD based on the 2023 liver disease nomenclature. The NAFLD-only group, which is not encompassed by MASLD, had a relatively mild histopathologic severity and a favorable prognosis. Consequently, the prognosis of MASLD is similar to that previously reported for NAFLD.