Purpose: This study analyzed factors that influence married women's intentions to have a second child from the perspective of reproductive health in Korea. Methods: The analysis included 332 married women whose first child birth was within the last 3 years from the 2021 National Family and Fertility Survey data. First, the general characteristics of married women was presented through frequency analysis. The differences in the characteristics of married women regarding their intention to have a second child were also analyzed using a chi-square test and independent samples t-test. Second, we analyzed the reproductive health characteristics of married women according to age using a chi-square test. Finally, logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the effect of married women's reproductive health factors on their intention to have a second child. Results: With various variables controlled, age, infertility, and negative pregnancy experiences had a negative effect on the intention to have a second child, whereas child values and trust in the government had a positive effect. In addition, differences in the reproductive health of married women were found according to age, and the proportions of infertility, negative pregnancy experiences, and preterm birth or low birth weight of the first child were high in elderly married women. Conclusion To alleviate the low fertility rate in terms of additional childbirth, it is necessary to combine and strengthen not only medical treatment related to women's reproductive health but also psychoemotional counseling as a non-medical treatment, with support from the government.