Endometriosis is a common, benign and chronic gynecologic disorder. It is an estrogen dependent disease that can cause pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and infertility. Because of its high rate of recurrence, medication after surgery is inevitable. GnRH agonist, Danazol, progestogen and oral contraceptive have been conventionally used for the medical treatment of endometriosis. However, systemic side effects of those agents restrict their usage as long-term management. Increasing knowledge about the pathogenesis of endometriosis has introduced new agents which were more targeted and specified for the prevention of recurrence of endometriosis.
Danazol ; Dysmenorrhea ; Endometriosis ; Estrogens ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Infertility ; Pelvic Pain ; Recurrence

In patients with chronic renal failure, spontaneous tendon rupture may occur due to degenerative changes in the tendon. Transosseous suture and suture anchor are commonly used for repair of quadriceps tendon rupture. But in chronic renal failure patients, the fixation of the repaired tendon is weak due to degenerative changes in the tendon, and decreased bone mineral density results in a relatively high rerupture rate. In this case, spontaneous quadriceps tendon rupture in a patient who has chronic renal failure with dialysis over 10 years was repaired with a newly designed transosseous suture method in order to increase contact of patella base and to reduce the rate of rerupture. Divide ruptured tendon arbitrarily into four layers using the anatomical structure of quadriceps tendon, then pull them out through the three vertical transosseous tunnels and tied them each. This procedure may be considered as another option in the case with high rerupture risk.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are the most common osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. One the other hand, they may be misdiagnosed if the deformity is not severe at the time of occurrence. In general, it is treated through absolute bed rest and braces. Vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty is sometimes performed when there is a severe decrease in the height of the vertebral body. In addition, transpedi cular fixation can be performed when there is an accompanying injury to the posterior complex or neurologic symptoms. In this case, the authors performed minimally invasive transpedicular fixation after achieving vertebral body height recovery through postural reduction in OVCF patient who were neglected for one month after the injury. After securing initial stability through screw fixation, complete bony union was achieved more quickly and stably through weekly teriparatide administration. The authors report this case with a review of the relevant literature.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the level of super-leadership and self-leadership, identify correlations among variables and identify the factors influencing organizational commitment of clinical nurses. METHODS: Participants were 217 nurses working in four hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple Regression. RESULTS: The most influential factor for organizational commitment was super-leadership (β=.28, p<.001), followed by education (β=.16, p=.007), the number of unit nurses (β=-.18, p=.003), self-leadership (β=.17, p=.008), and the number of patients being under 10 (β=.12, p=.046). These factors accounted for 23% of the variance in organizational commitment (F=13.46, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a need for strategies to improve organizational commitment of nurses by enhancing nurse' self-leadership through nursing managers' super-leadership.
Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Nursing ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Antigens, Surface* ; Oncogenes*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among depression, somatic symptoms, and activities of daily living of elderly women in urban areas. METHOD: After obtaining participant's consent forms, a one-time, face-to-face, and private interview was conducted with each participant from Sep, 2006 to Jan, 2007 by trained graduate-level students. The questionnaire consisted of K-GDS, PHQ-15, Barthel Index, and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living. The collected data was analyzed with the SPSS/PC 12.0 program, which was used for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: The major findings of this study were as follows 1) 34.1% of participants belonged to the depression group. 2) There were significant relationships between depression and monthly income, somatic symptoms, ADL, IADL, and number of chronic disease. 3) Significant factors influencing depression were somatic symptoms, ADL, and monthly income. CONCLUSION: The results of this study give useful information for designing interventions and program development for appropriate depression management and care for elderly women.
*Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Depression ; Female ; Frail Elderly/*psychology ; Health Status ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Middle Aged ; Questionnaires ; Social Isolation ; Urban Population

PURPOSE: The effects of fiber alignment and direction of mechanical strain on the ECM generation of human ACL fibroblast were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aligned nanofiber was fabricated using electrospinning with a rotating target. The amounts of collagen on aligned and randomly oriented structures were compared. To evaluate the effect of strain direction, 5% uniaxial strain (0.2 Hz) was applied to fibroblasts seeded on parallel aligned, vertically aligned to the strain direction, and randomly oriented nanofiber sheets. The amounts of collagen produced were measured 2 days after halting the strain application. RESULTS: The fibroblasts on the aligned nanofiber were spindle-shaped and oriented in the direction of the fibers. Significantly more collagen (22.5+/-2.7 ug/ngDNA) was synthesized on the aligned nanofiber than the randomly oriented (14.5+/-3.2 ug/ngDNA). And the amounts of collagen produced were increased by 150% and 50% approximately with the longitudinal and perpendicular cyclic strain, respectively. CONCLUSION: The aligned nanofiber scaffold used in this study constitutes a promising base material for tissue-engineered ligament in that it provides a more biomimetic structure, including the preferable mechanical environment.
Biomimetics ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans* ; Ligaments ; Nanofibers*

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to investigate the agreement between medical history questionnaire data and claims data and to identify the factors that were associated with discrepancies between these data types. METHODS: Data from self-reported questionnaires that assessed an individual's history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, stroke, heart disease, and pulmonary tuberculosis were collected from a general health screening database for 2014. Data for these diseases were collected from a healthcare utilization claims database between 2009 and 2014. Overall agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa values were calculated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with discrepancies and was adjusted for age, gender, insurance type, insurance contribution, residential area, and comorbidities. RESULTS: Agreement was highest between questionnaire data and claims data based on primary codes up to 1 year before the completion of self-reported questionnaires and was lowest for claims data based on primary and secondary codes up to 5 years before the completion of self-reported questionnaires. When comparing data based on primary codes up to 1 year before the completion of self-reported questionnaires, the overall agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa values ranged from 93.2 to 98.8%, 26.2 to 84.3%, 95.7 to 99.6%, and 0.09 to 0.78, respectively. Agreement was excellent for hypertension and diabetes, fair to good for stroke and heart disease, and poor for pulmonary tuberculosis and dyslipidemia. Women, younger individuals, and employed individuals were most likely to under-report disease. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed patient characteristics that had an impact on information bias were identified through the differing levels of agreement.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Comorbidity ; Data Accuracy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyslipidemias ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insurance ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stroke ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Oxidative stress appears to be implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases including alcoholic liver injury. In this study we investigated the mechanism of apoptosis induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells. Treatment with TBHP significantly reduced glutathione content and glutathione reductase activity, and increased glutathione peroxidase activity, indicating that TBHP induced oxidative stress in the HepG2 cells. TBHP also induced reduction of cell viability and DNA fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, TBHP induced a sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which was completely prevented by the extracellular Ca2+ chelation with EGTA. TBHP also induced Mn2+ influx. These results indicate that the intracellular Ca2+ increase by TBHP is exclusively due to Ca2+ influx from the extracellular site. Treatment with either an extracellular (EGTA) or an intracellular Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA/AM) significantly suppressed the TBHP-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that TBHP induced the apoptotic cell death in the HepG2 cells and that Ca2+ influx may play an important role in the apoptosis induced by TBHP.
Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Calcium Signaling/drug effects* ; Chelating Agents/pharmacology ; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology ; Egtazic Acid/analogs & derivatives ; Hepatoblastoma/pathology* ; Hepatoblastoma/metabolism ; Hepatoblastoma/drug therapy ; Human ; Manganese/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; tert-Butylhydroperoxide/pharmacology*

The tumorous type of endobronchial tuberculosis was reported to be 5 to 10% in the bronchoscopic examination. It was protruding mass that tuberculous mediastinal lymph node ruptured into the bronchial lumen. Generally histologic examination has been performed for purpose of differentiation, because the tumorous type of endobronchial tuberculosis simulate lung cancer in bronchoscopic finding. A case considering operation similar to bronchial adenoma in the bronchoscopic finding was confirmed to endobronchial tuberculosis by positive AFB and disapperance of mass after antituberculosis medication. Case history was presented and reviewed.
Adenoma* ; Bronchoscopy ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Tuberculosis*