The study was conducted to measure the stature, span, body weight, standing trunk flexion and trunk extension of 989 healthy Korean school girls from age 11 to 14 and to determine the correlation coefficients among those items. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The average statures by age were 140.68cm at 11, 147.45cm at 12, 150.14cm at 13 and 154.76cm at 14 years of age, and the stature growth per year was 4.64cm. 2. The average spans by age were 137.60cm at 11, 145.52cm at 12, 149.33cm at 13 and 153.76cm at 14 years of age, and the span growth per year was 5.39cm. 3. The stature was always longer than span, but the difference between the two items decreased with the increase of age. 4. The average body weights by age were 33.89kg at 11, 38.84kg at 12,42.21kg at 13 and 47.62kg at 14 years of age, and the increase of body weight per year was 4.58kg. 5. Remarkable growth occurred in stature and spanfrom age 11 to 12, but in body weight from age 13 to 14. 6. The average standing trunk flexions by age were 5.14cm at 11, 7.50cm at 12, 11.44cm at 13, and 12.02cm at 14 years of age. 7. The average trunk extensions by age were 40.84cm at 11, 44.40cm at 12,47.68cm at 13 and 48.53cm at 14 years of age. 8. In flexibility (standing trunk flexion and trunk extension) the annual increase was the smalled from 13 to 14 years of age. This is probably because the increase in body weight becomes hindrance to flexibility 9. the correlation coefficients between stature and span showed very high values ranging from 0.93 to 0.82. The coefficients between stature and both weight as well as between body weight and span recorded high values in all age groups. But the values decreased with age. 10. the correlation coefficients between flexibilities and physical measurements showed very low values. 11. The correlation coefficients between flexion and extension were very low(0.15) at 11 and low(ranging from 0.25 to 0.37) after 12 years of age 12. The regression equations among all of the items in each age group are given in a table for reference.
Body Weight ; Female* ; Humans ; Pliability*

No abstract available.
Arm* ; Free Tissue Flaps*

No Abstract Available.
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic* ; Fatigue* ; Prevalence*

Background:Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) is known to be a disease characterized by a deficiency of insulin caused by destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells. It has been suggested that the clinical and immunological characteristics of IDDM in Korean are different from those of Caucasian. This study was undertaken to investigate the clinical characteristics and the prevalence of autoimmune markers in type I diabetic children and their prediabetic siblings in Korea. METHODS:Insulin autoantibody(IAA), antiglutamic acid decarboxylase(Anti-GAD) antibody, thyroid autoantibodies such as antithyroid antibody(ATA) and antimicrosomal antibody(AMA), and rheumatoid facter(RF) in 54 type I diabetic children have been measured. Diabetic autoimmune antibodies were also measured in 48 siblings. RESULTS: 1)Clinical characteristics of type I diabetic children were that age of onset was 8.6+/-4.4 years, duration of diabetes was 4.1+/-3.3 years. C-peptide at onset of diabetes was fasting 0.7+/-0.5ng/ml, and postprandial 1.2+/-0.5ng/ml, and HbA1c was 12.5+/-4.3%. 2)The positivity of IAA and anti-GAD antibody of type I diabetic children was 74% and 50% respectively. ATA and AMA positivity of type I diabetic children was 3.7% and 5.6%. however RF was not detected at all. Among the diabetic siblings, 48 persons for anti-GAD antibody, 21 for IAA, 27 for ICA were measured but 1 case was positive for IAA. 3)Clinical characteristics of type I diabetic children were not specific different between IAA and anti-GAD antibody positivity. But the mean age of onset of type I diabetic children was younger in case of both positivity of IAA and anti-GAD antibody than both negativity(7.8 vs 11.4 years old, P<0.05). 4)A case in whose brothers are diagnosed as IDDM has shown that autoantibody of elder brother was positive in both IAA and anti-GAD antibody, and younger brother was also strongly positive in IAA. Another case in whose sisters were IDDM, has shown that, while elder sister was positive in IAA, younger sister strongly positive in both IAA and anti-GAD antibody. 5)In a case of identical twin brother, the elder is type I diabetic child and the younger is normal, elder brother's onset of age was 6 years and 8 months old, and titer of anti-GAD antibody was measured as strong positive. Both ICA and anti- GAD antibody were negative in normal younger brother. First phase insulin release in IV GTT and the insulin levels in oral GTT showed reduction from the normal level in normal brother, and repeat check up showed normal ranges but on-going study is needed under observation. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of autoantibody positivity of type I diabetic children of Korea in this study were IAA 74%, and anti-GAD antibody 50%. Cases with both IAA and anti-GAD antibody positive were shown to be earlier onset. Though titers of auto-antibody in IDDM twins, brothers and sisters were strongly positive, auto-antibodies in siblings of IDDM patients were detected only one case with IAA positive(0.47%). We suggest that the pathogenesis of IDDM in Korean is different from foreign countries in terms of prevalence of autoimmune antibodies and more numbers of diabetic siblings should be tested for further study.
Age of Onset ; Antibodies* ; Autoantibodies ; C-Peptide ; Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Fasting ; Humans ; Infant ; Insulin ; Korea ; Prevalence* ; Reference Values ; Siblings* ; Thyroid Gland ; Twins, Monozygotic

Cutis marmirata telangiectatica congenita, first described by van Lohuizen in 1922, is a rare congenital vascular anomaly. This name is still generally used in Europe, but in American literature the most comrnon designation for this disease is generalized congenital phlebectasia. We represent the first reported case of cutis marmorata telangiectatica, congenita in Korea. The patient, 8 months old boy, has generalized cutis marmorata-like reticulated mottlings on his entire skin except the rnucous membranes since birth. He also has complete cleft palate but no other detectable congenital vascular malformation. The skin lesion shows spontaneous gradual improvement from three months of age.
Cleft Palate ; Europe ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Male ; Membranes ; Parturition ; Skin ; Vascular Malformations

In transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head, the necrotic superior anterior femoral head is rotated anteriorly around the longitudinal neck axis so that the weight bearing force is transferred to the intact posterior surface. The ratio of transposed intact articular surface of the femoral head to the weight-bearing surface of the acetabulum on postoperative anteroposterior view of the hip roentgenograph is the most important indicator of the prognosis. During the period from December 1992 to June 1994, we treated 31 hips in 28 patients who were indicated for the anterior rotational osteotomy among the patients of osteoncrosis of the femoral head. Among the patients, male were 27 and female was one. Age distribution was from 13 to 62 years old and mean age was 44.3. According to the Ficat and Arlet classification, II A was most in number as 16 II B was 7 and III was 8. As their etiolgic factors, alcohol was most in number as 18, steroid was 3, idiopathic was 5 and trauma was 2. The mean rate of the intact area of the posterior part of the femoral head to the total articular surface on the preoperative lateral view of the hip roentgenograph was 41.8%. The mean ratio of transposed intact articular surface of the femoral head to the weight bearing surface of the acetabulum was 53.8% Fixation devices were screws or dynamic hip screw.
Acetabulum ; Age Distribution ; Classification ; Female ; Head* ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Osteonecrosis* ; Osteotomy* ; Prognosis ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.

STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-fiye thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures treated with pedicle screw instrumentation were assessed on loss reduction. OBJECTIVE: To compare the mechanical results of simple posterior fixation and posterior fixation with anterior augmentation by anterior interbody fusion, disc space fusion or longer construct. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Althrough the pedicle screw instrumentation provides good mechanical stability, two segment fixation without anterior column augmentation may not be adequate to withstand the repeated axial load. METHODS: Fifteen patients were treated with two segment fixation alone(Group 1), seven with anterior interbody fusion(Group 2), another seven with disc space fusion(Group 3) and remaining six with longer construct involving two segments abode the fracture(Croup 4). Change of anterior body height, upper disc height, lower disc height, kyphotic angle, inter-screw angle and gross screw bend- ing were measured using post-operative and follow-up lateral radiographs. RESULTS: Comparing the two groups(Croup 1 Ys. Group 2, 3, 4), the Group 1 showed definitely more loss of reduction than those groups which had anterior augmentation. But, loss of anterior body height was not significantly different. Comparing the four groups, loss at upper and lower disc height was significantly greater in the Group 1 than the Group 2. Change of kyphotic angle was significantly higher in the Group 1 than the Group 4 and change of inter-screw angle was also higher in the group 1 than every other group. Seyen patients in the Group 1 showed gross screw bending, but none in the Group 2, 3 and 4. All the seven patients with screw bending showed loss of inter-screw angle more than 5 . CONCLUSIONS: These results mean that anterior column augmentation is necessary for the treatment of thoraco-lumbar burst fracture. All the three methods(Group 2,3,4) are effective to prevent excessive loss of correction and screw bending. The best method should be selected considering the characters of each fracture.
Body Height ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

Weber-Christian disease is a relapsing, febrile, nodular, nonsuppurative inflammation of the subcutaneous fat tissue. Many authors reported these cases which illustrate the great variability of the clinical manifestation, such as acute or chronic, fulminating or transient, febrile or non febrile, systemic or cutaneous. Two of our cases have had recurrent painful subeutaneous nodules without fever for several years. Biopsy showed a nonspecific inflammatory panniculitis with lymphocytes chiefly, and small amount of histiocytes and foamy cells. It should be suggested Weber-Christian disease when subcutaneous nodules appear recurrently same areas of the whole body surface except anterior aspects of tibia even if no fever as systemic manifestation. Treatment with steroid and chloroquine diphosphete produced good improvement.
Biopsy ; Chloroquine ; Fever ; Histiocytes ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Panniculitis ; Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative* ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Tibia

The status of DNA synthesis and the effect of UV radiation on the DNA synthesis were studied in mouse skin by microautoradiography. Mice exposed to 100mJ/cm of UVB were injected intradermally with tritiated thymidine, 5 minutes, 2, 6 and 24 hours after irradiation and biopsies were processed for light microscopic autoradiography, A total of 25 ICR female albino haired mice were used as subjects. We compared heavily labeled cells(>10 grains/nucleus) and sparsely labeled cells (3-10 grains/nucleus) in UVL irradiated skin with nonirradiated control skin. 1. Within 5 minutes after UVL exposure an apparent depression in the number of heavily labeled cells occurred. This reduction was statistically significant and remained so for at least six hours post,irradiation. By 24 hours after UVL exposure, the reduction was recovered to nearly control level. 2. By five minutes after UVL exposure, sparsely labeled cells were observed in basal cell layer and differentiated cell layer. The nurriber of sparsely labeled cells appeared highest at five minutes after UVL exposure and then tended to fall to nearly control level at 24 hours. This aberrant type of TdR H incorporation is thought to represent unscheduled DNA synthesis to repair pyrimidine dimers formed in UVL injured DNA molecules,
Animals ; Autoradiography* ; Biopsy ; Depression ; DNA* ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Mice* ; Pyrimidine Dimers ; Skin* ; Thymidine ; Ultraviolet Rays