PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a vital signs e-book for undergraduate student nurses and evaluate the content, system and student satisfaction. METHOD: This study was done in three stages, the development of a vital signs e-book, implementation and evaluation. The subjects were 73 undergraduate student nurses in Y university. RESULT: Thirty one learning objectives were used to create the contents. A set of 5 chapters and 18 subsections were defined after validation from nurse educators. The e-book is available at http://123.134.207.23/ebook/vitalsigns. Analysis of the questionnaires showed a mean score for content, system and students satisfaction of 3.17 +/- .73, 3.11 +/-.79, and 2.96 +/-.74 respectively out of a possible 4 points. CONCLUSION: Nurse educators should provide quality and effective web-based courses that meet undergraduate student nurses' learning needs and they should incorporate web-based learning into traditional teaching to meet the demands of nursing education.
Respiration ; Pulse ; *Physical Examination ; *Internet ; *Education, Nursing ; *Computer-Assisted Instruction

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate self-study learning achievement in undergraduate nursing students who used a web-based wound care e-book. METHODS: The web-based wound care e-book was applied to 80 nursing students at Y university. The students studied the wound care e-book for four weeks and practiced wound dressing by themselves in open laboratory. Learning achievement was evaluated according to achievement of unit objectives and performance of an actual wound dressing. RESULTS: 1. The total mean score for achievement of unit objectives was 3.06 (+/-0.41) and the total mean score on the performance of the wound dressing was 89.40 (+/-5.47). 2. There was no difference between the scores in the performance test (F=1.012, p=.366) for students who used self-study and those who were given a lecture. 3. A positive correlation was found between achievement of unit objectives and performance of the wound dressing (r=0.306, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The web-based wound care e-book was effective in facilitating self-study for nursing students, and there is a need to continuously develop and up-date web-based nursing education e-books to facilitate self-study.
Bandages ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning* ; Students, Nursing ; Wounds and Injuries*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of meaning centered and mindfulnessbased stress management program with using marine resources on positive changes in mood, sleep, quality of life and cognitive function. METHODS: Nine family caregivers of patients with severe disability experienced meaning centered and mindfulness-based stress management program for four-days in marine areas near Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do in South Korea. Subjective questionnaires and objective assessments were conducted and statistically analyzed to examine changes in mood, sleep, quality of life, and cognitive function before, after, and after 6 weeks of participation. RESULTS: After participating in the program, moods including depression improved significantly. This effect lasted until 6 weeks. Participants' sleep quality, quality of life and cognitive function improved significantly after 6 weeks of program participation. CONCLUSIONS This new specialized stress management program using marine resources for family caregivers of patients with severe disability is expected to be used effectively in terms of improving their overall quality of life, mental health status and cognitive efficiency.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of group B streptococcus (GBS) among pregnant women and neonates in the Republic of Korea has increased. In addition, rates of resistance to antibiotics recommended for pregnant women allergic to penicillin, such as clindamycin and erythromycin, have increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate subject characteristics associated with GBS resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 418 clinical isolates from pregnant women in Korea were screened for antibiotic resistance from January 2006 to December 2011. Sociodemographic information, medical and obstetric history, and details of events during the previous 2 weeks were recorded using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The resistance rates were 39.5% for clindamycin and 23.0% for erythromycin. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the subject characteristic significantly associated with resistance to both antibiotics was a history of symptomatic sore throat in the 2 weeks before obtaining the specimen (erythromycin: odds ratio [OR]: 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10 to 4.13; clindamycin: OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.21, 4.42). Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) had an association of borderline significance. CONCLUSIONS: In the urgent treatment of GBS-colonized pregnant women, the subject's history of previous sore throat and PROM should be considered when choosing appropriate antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Clindamycin ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Erythromycin ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Membranes ; Odds Ratio ; Penicillins ; Pharyngitis ; Pregnant Women ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Rupture ; Streptococcus ; Streptococcus agalactiae

BACKGROUND: Leukemic cells originate from hypoxic bone marrow, which protects them from anti-cancer drugs. Although many factors that cause drug resistance in leukemic cells have been studied, the effect of hypoxia on drug-induced apoptosis is still poorly understood. METHODS: In this study, we examined the effect of hypoxia on anti-leukemic drug resistance in leukemic cell lines treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2), a hypoxia-mimetic agent. Cellular proliferation was evaluated using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry analysis and western blots were performed to investigate apoptosis-related proteins. RESULTS: Unlike its previously known apoptotic effect, the expression of HIF-1alpha increased the survival rate of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells when these cells were exposed to anti-leukemic drugs; these effects were mediated by heat-shock protein HSP70 and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. CONCLUSION: These findings may provide new insights for understanding the mechanisms underlying hypoxia and for designing new therapeutic strategies for acute myeloid leukemia.
Anoxia ; Apoptosis ; Arsenicals ; Blotting, Western ; Bone Marrow ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Cobalt ; Drug Resistance ; Flow Cytometry ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Oxides ; Proteins ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVES: In order to assess the effects of sera from severe preeclamptic patients on endothelial cell viability in vitro and endothelin-1 synthesis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. METHODS: The cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with media containing 10% sera from women with either preeclamptic patients or normal pregnancies for 24 hours or 48 hours. After then, their viability was measured by colorimetric MTT{3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide} assay and their production of endothelin-1 was measured. We also measured the serum levels of endothelin-1 level in sera obtained from the normal and severe preeclamptic pregnancies. RESULTS: The calorimetric MTT assay revealed that after 24 hours, the absorbances in the media treated with normal pregnancies and severe preeclampsia sera were 0.0718+/-0.0078 and 0.0837+/-0.0129, respectively and after 48 hours, they were 0.1133+/-0.0103 and 0.1268+/-0.0186, respectively. Serum obtained from severe preeclampsia did not affect endothelial cell viability. 2. The serum mean levels of endothelin-1 in normal and severe preeclamptic pregnancies were 22.66+/-8.6 fmol/ml and 48.98+/-25.27 fmol/ml. The mean level in preeclamptic sera was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women. (P<0.05) 3. After 24 hours, the mean amount of endothelin-1 stimulated by normal pregnant and severe preeclamptic sera were 37.52+/-18.41 fmol/ml and 97.58+/-53.64 fmol/ml, respectively. The mean amount of endothelin-1 in preeclamptic sera-treated cells was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant sera-treated cells. (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The sera from severe preeclamptic women do not affect cell viability but act selectively on specific activation of their function such as endothelin-1 production. And it is necessary that the identification and isolation of the putative serum factor(s) will be performed to resolve the pathogenesis in future.
Cell Survival ; Endothelial Cells* ; Endothelin-1* ; Female ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells* ; Humans ; Humans* ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women

PURPOSE: This study developed a web-based wound care course for undergraduate nursing students and evaluated the course's content, system, and student-satisfaction. METHODS: This study was done in three stages, the development of the web-based wound care course, the implementation and evaluation of the course. The course was developed based on the ARCS model. 80 undergraduate nursing students to Y University in Korea used the web-based wound care program during four weeks. After that, they completed questionnaires, evaluating the contents, system, and their satisfaction. RESULTS: Eighteen learning objectives were used to create the web-based wound care course and the course was developed with 7 chapters and 20 subsections. The analysis of the questionnaires showed a mean score for content and system-related items of 3.04 each, out of a possible 4 points. Student satisfaction items had a mean score of 2.89. CONCLUSIONS: The web-based course allowed students access to the course anytime and anywhere, and according to their own learning abilities. However this advantage would only be possible when nurse educators develop qualitative web-based course to meet the demand of a complex health care system as well as the needs of the students and the effectively incorporate it into traditional lectures.
*Attitude of Health Personnel ; Attitude to Computers ; Causality ; Computer-Assisted Instruction/*methods ; Curriculum ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/*organization & administration ; Humans ; Internet/*organization & administration ; Korea ; Models, Educational ; Needs Assessment ; Nursing Assessment ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Education Research ; Patient Care Planning ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Program Development ; Program Evaluation ; Questionnaires ; Skin Care/nursing ; Students, Nursing/*psychology ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries/etiology/*nursing

To compare the effect of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment with that of estrogen treatment on epiphyseal growth in ovariectomized rats, 46 Sprague-Dawley female rats aged 9-10 weeks (about 200-220 g) were either ovariectomized or sham operated. From 6 weeks after ovariectomy (ovx), rats were daily injected with subcutaneous human recombinant PTH (1-84)-dosed 30 micrograms/kg (the low dose PTH-treated group) or 300 micrograms/kg (the high dose PTH-treated group), 17 beta-estradiol (the 17 beta-estradiol-treated group, 30 micrograms/kg) or vehicle (the ovx-alone group), 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The decalcified sections of the distal femoral epiphyseal plate were analyzed on light microscopy after H&E stain, and the lengths of the zones of proliferation, maturing and hypertrophic chondrocytes were measured. The length of the growth plate, the zone of proliferation and the zone of hypertrophic chondrocyte in the ovx-alone group were significantly shorter than those of the sham-operated group. The treatment of 17 beta-estradiol speeded up the differentiation of cells from proliferating chondrocytes to maturing and hypertrophic chondrocytes even though the length of the growth plate was comparable to that of the sham-operated group. Both low and high dose PTH treatments increased the length of the growth plate, and those lengths were comparable to that of the sham-operated group. The fractions of proliferating, maturing and hypertrophic zone in the low dose PTH-treated group were also comparable to those of the sham-operated group. However, high dose PTH treatment slowed down the differentiation of cells from proliferating chondrocytes to maturing and hypertrophic chondrocytes to a greater extent, and therefore the fraction of proliferating chondrocytes of the high dose PTH-treated group was larger than that of the low dose PTH-treated group (73.8 +/- 1.8 Vs 63.3 +/- 1.3%, p < 0.005). From these results, we showed that intermittent PTH treatment could promote linear growth in the ovariectomized growing rat. We propose that PTH may be an alternative drug candidate for promoting linear growth of long bones without the risk for early closure of the growth plate.
Animal ; Bone Development/drug effects* ; Female ; Human ; Ovariectomy* ; Parathyroid Hormones/pharmacology ; Parathyroid Hormones/administration & dosage* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Proteins

Oncogenic osteomalacia is a syndrome characterized by phosphaturia, hypophosphatemia, decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level and specific signs and symptoms of osteomalacia. It is associated with the presence of neoplasm originated from mesenchyme. Until now, less than 100 cases of oncogenic osteomalacia have been reported. The pathophysiology of oncogenic osteomalacia has not been fully understood, but it has been suggested that a certain substance released by tumor may inhibit not only la-hydroxylase activity and reduce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level in part, but directly inhibit reabsorption of phosphate. And then, reduced phosphaturia, hypophosphatemia and eventually osteomalacia develop. We report a case of osteosarcoma induced oncogenic osteomalacia detected by MRI in 59 year old woman.
Female ; Humans ; Hypophosphatemia ; Hypophosphatemia, Familial ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mesoderm ; Middle Aged ; Osteomalacia* ; Osteosarcoma*

No abstract available.
Airports* ; Disasters*