This quasi -experimental study was intended to test the effect of self-help group program, which is one of the way to enhance adaptation and quality of life to mastectomy patients. Data was collected from July 14, 1998 to Oct. 31, 1998 at two Medical Center in Seoul. The subjects for this study were the patients who had undergone mastectomy and were follow-up: 14 in experimental group and 14 in control group matched with age and treatment. The instruments for this study were adaptation in Lee(1994)'s physical symptom questionnaire, Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS, 1965), and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS, 1970), quality of life in Spranger(1996)'s and No(1988)'s Quality of Life Questionnaire. The self-help group program for mastectomy patients was developed based on literature review and pilot study by the investigator. The subjects of experimental group were participated in 6 weeks self - help group program and were received arm and shoulder exercise, informational support, and interpersonal support by group members. The control group were received no intervention. Both group answered questionnaires prior to intervention and 6 weeks later. The data analyzed by frequency, chi-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression using SPSS WIN. The results are as follows; Hypothesis 1, The experimental group with the self-help group program will have a higher score on adaptation state than control group. was not supported. But the posttest score of anxiety and depression in experimental group were declined and the depression score was reduced relatively. Hypothesis 2, The experimental group with the selp-help group program will have a higher score on quality of life than control group. was not supported. But the posttest score of quality of life in experimental group was reduced relatively. Hypothesis 3, The higher adaptation state of mastectomy patients, the higher quality of life. was supported(r=.80, p .001). Additionally, the lower physical symptom, depression and anxiety, the higher quality of life. And depression, which was the main predictor of quality of life, accounted for 59.5%, depression and anxiety accounted for 65.5% of the variance in quality of life. In conclusion, when the self-help group program was intervened to mastectomy patients, it was tended to increase quality of life and to reduce depression and anxiety. So self-help group program can be considered useful nursing intervention effect on adaptation and quality of life of mastectomy patients. With discussion, I suggest repeated further research on self-help group with appropriate sample size and longitudinal study. Also during adjuvant therapy, it is needed to develop convenient method to be supported from peer group and family, such as computer mediated support group.
Anxiety ; Arm ; Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Mastectomy* ; Nursing ; Peer Group ; Pilot Projects ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Research Personnel ; Sample Size ; Self-Help Groups* ; Seoul ; Shoulder

No abstract available.
Paraparesis* ; Spine* ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Social Adjustment* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Veterans*

Erratum agreed to by all authors, editor in chief, publisher, and scientific society.

No abstract available.
Diabetic Neuropathies*

No abstract available.
Caves*

No abstract available.
Electromyography*

Normal human B cells produce autocrine growth factor in response to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain (SAC). However, the functional role and molecular nature of the B cell derived-B cell growth factor (B-BCGF) are largely unknown. We have tried to investigate the nature of B-BCGF using mAb for several years. We report here that B- BCGF is capable of binding to hemoglobin (Hb). The concentrated culture supernatant from tonsillar B cells stimulated with SAC for 24 h was loaded into the fast protein liquid chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. The peak with BCGF activity was shown to have a M.W. of 16-18 Kda in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver stain. Amino acid sequence of the fraction was found to identical to human hemoglobin (Hb) by more than 85%. However, Hb itself had no BCGF activity. The presence of Hb in culture supernatant was due to the contamination of SRBC during B cell purification. SRSC were completely removed from B cells by percoll-gradient centrifugation and B cells were stimulated with SAC and exogenous Hb was added to the cultures. The Hb fraction from FPLC again showed a BCGF activity. These data strongly suggested that BCGF binds to Hb. We confirmed this in dot blot as well as Western blot. The M.W of Hb-binding BCGF was 20 Kda. This information may provide a rapid progress in research of BCGF.
Amino Acid Sequence ; B-Lymphocytes ; Blotting, Western ; Centrifugation ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Humans ; Silver ; Staphylococcus aureus

Coronary artery calcification(CAC) is found frequently in the atheromatous plaques CAC is known to have increased frequency above 40 years. CAC without evidence of atherosclerosis in young adults is quite rare, however, CAC combined with aneurysms in young adults have been infrequently reported in patients with a past history of a Kawasaki disease in child. We report an autopsy case showing CAC and aneurysm in the absence of macroscopically identified atherosclerotic lesions in a healthy 23-year-old man. The autopsy examination revealed aneurysmal dilatation of the right coronary artery which was connected with calcified lesion. A calcified lesion of the left anterior descending coronary artery was aslo noted. Microscopically, aneurysmal wall was non-specific except for hyalinized wall and foci of calcification. A striking histologic finding of calcified mass was ring calcification along the wall of the coronary artery. Antecedent Kawasaki disease in the past was suggestive as other reports.
Aneurysm* ; Atherosclerosis* ; Autopsy ; Child ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Strikes, Employee ; Young Adult*

Aortic dissection may be considered the result of a discrepancy between the strength of the aortic wall and the intramural pressure. And factors that predispose to aortic dissection may include systemic hypertension, cystic medial necrosis, Marfan's syndrome, atherosclerosis, disease of aortic valve, pregnancy, giant cell arteritis, hyperthyrosis, disease of aortic valve, pregnancy, giant cell arteritis, hyperthyroidism, and blunt chest trauma. A few of aortic dissection may extend retrograde toward the aortic valve and involve the coronary arteries. Coronary artery occlusions due to mural dissection are an uncommon but well documented cause of myocardial infarction. Although rare, extramural hematoma compressing the coronary artery is another cause of myocardial infarction. At autopsy of 43 years old male who had no critical external wound, pericardial sac was distended and contained 400ml of dark red and clotted blood. Examination of the aorta revealed only minute atherosclerosis, intact aortic valve, and patent coronary ostia. 0.5cm sized aortic rupture was noted at the 3.5cm distal to the aortic valve. DeBakey type II aortic dissection was found to involve the ascending aorta and brachiocephalic trunk. Three intimal tears were 1.5cm, 8cm. 11.5cm distal to the aortic valve and two false lumens which had intact area between them extended 3.5cm distal to the third intimal tear and proximally in a retrograde fashion to the aortic root. Microscopically, sections of aorta showed relatively intact arrangement of smooth muscle and elastic fibers, except mild vascular ectasia and scattered several foci of the small sized aggregation of foamy histiocytes, and there was no evidence of cystic medial degeneration in aorta. Sections of both coronary arteries did not show mural dissection or atherosclerosis. Sections of right atrium and sinus node showed inflammatory reaction, extensive replacement of myocardium by active fibrous tissue consistent with infarction. There was no histologic evidence of myocardial infarction in the walls of other chambers or septum of the heart. We believe that extramural compression of the artery to sinus m\node by the dissecting hematoma was the cause of myocardial infarction involving the right atrium and the sinus node.
Adult ; Aorta ; Aortic Rupture ; Aortic Valve ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Autopsy ; Brachiocephalic Trunk ; Coronary Vessels ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Elastic Tissue ; Giant Cell Arteritis ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Hematoma ; Hemodynamics* ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hyperthyroidism ; Infarction ; Male ; Marfan Syndrome ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardium ; Necrosis ; Pregnancy ; Sinoatrial Node ; Thorax ; Wounds and Injuries