OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences of expression of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-beta1 and TGF-beta2 in the human proliferative, secretory, menopausal endometrium, and in hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients were divided into 5 groups. Twenty samples were collected from patients with endometrial hyperplasia (n=l0) and adenocarcinoma(n=10) after hysterectomy. Thirty samples were collected from the normal menstrual cycle and the menopausal women as a control group. The histological types of endometrium were proliferative(n=10), secretory(n=10), menopausal(n=10). Immunohistochemical staining was performed through the use of monoclonal antibodies against anti-human TGF-beta1/ beta2 polycolonal IgG rabbit antibody. Expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 were judged positive when the staining revealed color development in 5% or more. Specimens were rated absent, trace, weak, moderate and intense. Then, they were scored 4 in case of intense positive for TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, and '0' in case of absent for TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 . RESULTS: Mean scores of TGF-beta1 in glandular cell were proliferative(1.0), secretory (2.3), menopausal endometrium(1.0), endometrial hyperplasia(0) and adenocarcinoma(0). Expression of TGF-beta2 in glandular cell were proliferative(3.8), secretory(3.3), menopausal endometrium(2.8), endometrial hyperplasia(0.3) and adenocarcinoma(0.3). No specific different expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 was found between stromal, vascular and myometrium. However, there was similar expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 in endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma gmup. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 may have important roles to suppress the development of the precancerous or cancerous lesions in endometrial glandular cells.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrium* ; Female ; Humans* ; Hyperplasia ; Hysterectomy ; Immunoglobulin G ; Menstrual Cycle ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2 ; Transforming Growth Factors*

In the real-time two-dimensional Doppler flow mapping(2DD) system, Doppler signals are processed using auto-correlation technique, so that the direction, velocity and turbulence of the intracardiac blood flow are displayed by coloration on the B mode image of the heart in real time. Aortic regurgitant flow is imaged as a mosaic jet spurting out from the aortic valve orifice to cardiac chamber. Dynamic features in the direction and extent of regurgitant flow and the site of regurgitation on the aortic valve orifice are readily obtained. Feasibility of the 2DD system in the assesment of aortic regurgitation was examined in 30 cases documented by angiography. In 30 cases, there were 20 cases with aortic regurgitation(AR) aged 16 to 57 years(mean 34) and 10 cases without AR aged 17 to 39 years(mean 30). The underlying disorders of AR were rheumatic in 15 cases, bicuspid aortic valve in 1, ventricular septal defect in 1, aortitis in 1, Marfan's syndrome in 1 and unknown in 1. The results are as follows : 1) In 19 out of 20 cases with AR the 2DD showed regurgitant jet spurting out from valve orifice(sensitivity=95%). One case missed by the 2DD had 1+AR. None of the 10 cases who had no AR manifested the evidence of AR on the 2DD(specificity=100%). 2) There was an excellent positive correlation between the maximal jet length of regurgitant flow on the 2DD and angiographic severity of regurgitation(r=0.998, p<0.001). The maximal jet length was less than 3cm for cases with 1+, 3-4.9cm for 2+, 5-5.9cm for 3+, and 6cm or more for 4+AR. 3) In 19 out of 20 cases with AR, the 2DD identifed the anatomic valvular site of regurgitation(sensitivity=95%, specificity=100%). 4) The regurgitant aortic valvular area was measured as 0.6cm2 or less in all of 12 cases with 2+ or less AR, while 0.9cm2 or more in 6 out of 7 cases with 3+or more AR. Thus, a less or greater than 0.8cm2 regurgitant aortic valvular area provides to discriminate between mild(< or = 2+) and severe(> or = 3+) AR. 5) In all 8 cases with fluttering of anterior mitral leaflet and 8 out of 9 cases with fluttering of interventricular septum, a regurgitant jet impinged on them. The results of this investigation indicate that the 2DD system is a very useful and unique noninvasive technique in the detection, estimation of severity and spatial orientation of AR.
Angiography ; Aortic Valve ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency* ; Aortitis ; Bicuspid ; Equidae ; Heart ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Marfan Syndrome

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

This study was conducted to examine the effect of mefenamic acid for treatment of PDA in premature newborns. Ductus arteriosus is reopened by locally produced prostaglandin E2 in a premature newborn during hypoxia. Mefenamic acid is one of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs acting by inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase in the prostaglandin synthesis pathway. For three premature newborns with PDA, we administered mefenamic acid and evaluated them with echocardiography to study the effect of mefenmic acid for closure of PDA. In all three babies, ductus arteriosus was closed successfully. We feel that mefenamic acid is safe and effective medication for treatment of PDA in premature newborns, but further-study need to be conducted with larger numbers of cases to confirm this effect.
Anoxia ; Dinoprostone ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mefenamic Acid* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases

Autograft using suction hlistered epidermis is one of the surgical therapeutic mod- alities of vitiligo, and has been successfully used by several authors. The maintenance of grafting pigment is belieued to be more important than repigmentation itself. To examine the maintenance of pigment, 22 vitiligo patients were treated by autograft using suction blistered epidermis and followed for 16.8 months. Repigmentation developed in 20 patients, Two patients were lost to follow up. Out of 20 patients, grafting pigment was maintained in 17 patients(85% ) and disappeared in three patients(15% ). By clinical subtype, the rates of maintenance were 100% in segmental type, 80% in localized type and 66% in generalized type. The best results were observed in a head and neck location and the worst rates and maintenance were in the hand. However, these differences were not statistically significant. likewise, age and sex were not factors in maintenance and repigrnentation. Based on this study, autograft using suction blistered epidermis appears to be a good therapeutic modality for stable vitiligo, particularly segmental vitiligo.
Autografts* ; Blister* ; Epidermis* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hand ; Head ; Humans ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Neck ; Suction* ; Transplants ; Vitiligo

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis(IHPS), which occurs three of 1,000 live births, is a major cause of 1 nonbilious vomiting of early infancy but its etiology and pathogenesis are still obscure. The operation of pyloromyotomy as described by Ramstedt in 1912 remains the standard of care for the treatment of IHPS. From January 1993 to October 1996, 35 infants with IHPS were surgically treated and the following results were obtained. 1. Thirty-five patients comprised 32 males and 3 females, and the ratio of male to female was 10.7:1. 2. The most prevalent age group was between 2 weeks and 8 weeks. 3. Of 35 infants, first born babies were 23 cases(65.7%). 4. Breast feeding was in 23 cases(65.7%). 5. The body weight percentile at admission was lower than 50 percentile in all 35 cases. 11. A total of seven associated anomalies were noted in six patients. 12. All 35 cases were treated with Fredet-Ramstedt pyloromyotomy. 13. There were postoperative complications of wound infection in 2 cases. Intermittent nonprojectile vomiting was presented in 8 cases(22.9%) after operation, but one of them was relieved in 13 days and the rest were relieved within one week by adjustment of oral intake.
Body Weight ; Breast Feeding ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Live Birth ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic* ; Standard of Care ; Vomiting ; Wound Infection

Newborns with ileal atresia frequently present with abdominal distension, bilious vomiting, and failure to pass meconium. Diagnosis is usually established on plain x-ray of the abdomen by the findings of distended small bowel loops and air-fluid levels. In the period of October 1988 to February 1994, 8 patients with congenital ileal atresia were operated and the following results were obtained. 1. Eight patients were comprise of 4 males and 4 females, the ratio of male and female was 1 : 1. 2. Six patients(75%) had been admitted to our hospital during three days of life. 3. Congenital ileal atresia was in 8 cases : Type I in two(25%), Type II in two(25%), Type III a in three(37.5%), Type III b in one(12.5%). 4. There was one premature patient who was small for gestational age. 5. Overall, abdominal distension and bilious vomiting occurring in seven patients, were frequent presenting complaints. 6. Diagnosis was possible with clinical symptom and simple abdomen. 7. Operative treatment was undertaken as soon as the diagnosis was made. In seven cases a primary end-to-end anastomosis was performed after resection of dilated proximal loop. 8. A total of four associated congenital anomalies were found in one patient. 9. Postoperative complications occurred in three cases(37.5%).
Abdomen ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Meconium ; Postoperative Complications ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Lacquer

Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the levels of lipid peroxide were assayed in erythrocytes and synovial fluid isolated from 17 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joints and 7 with healthy knee joints as a control groups. In the erythrocytes, SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased in osteoarthritis compared with normal control groups, but the changes of malonyldialdehyde level was not significant. The activity of SOD in synovial fluid was significantly decreased in osteoarthritis compared with normal control groups, but catalase activity was significantly increased in synovial fluid of osteoarthritis. This result suggested that the increament of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes were probably due to increased production of oxygen radicals in osteoarthritis. In osteoarthritis, knee joints might be injured more easily by oxygen radicals because of decreased activity of SOD in synovial fluid of osteoarthritis.
Catalase ; Erythrocytes ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Glutathione ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Malondialdehyde ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Superoxides ; Synovial Fluid

No abstract available.
Aminosalicylic Acid* ; Cycloserine* ; Prothionamide* ; Retreatment* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*